The Role of Medical Staff in Shaping the Nutrition Habits in Patients with Autoimmunization Thyroid Diseases in Poland.

Abstract Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common diseases in humans. Their pathogenesis is complex. Patients are searching for ways of coping with them condition, including diet modifications. The aim of this study was to assess the role of medical personnel in shaping eating habits in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease based on experiences declared by patients. Methods: There were 208 people that took part in the study, of which 205 were qualified for final analysis. The results showed that patients most often choose online sources, while medical personnel rank second as the source of information on dietary recommendations.Results: People with thyroid disease are statistically more likely to use dietitian advice than people without thyroid disease. The highest percentage of respondents decided to modify their nutrition due to their own initiative. In addition, patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are statistically more likely to consider changing their diet to improve their well-being. The connection between the source of advice and modification of eating behaviour was also noted.Conclusion: Thanks to the joint effort of medical staff, patients can receive reliable knowledge about their disease, treatment and nutrition adapted to their needs.Trial registration: approved by the Bioethics Committee of Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (opinion no.: PCN/0022/KB1/80/2).

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The role of hereditary and environmental factors in autoimmune thyroid diseases

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2012.29370 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 153 (26) ◽

pp. 1013-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Csaba Balázs

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Histocompatibility Complex

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders affecting 5% to 10% of the population in Western countries. The clinical presentation varies from hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease to hypothyroidism in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. While the exact etiology of thyroid autoimmunity is not known, the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors appears to be of fundamental importance to initiate the process of thyroid autoimmunity. The identified autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes include immune-modulating genes, such as the major histocompatibility complex, and thyroid-specific genes, including TSH receptor, thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. The majority of the anti-TSH-receptor antibodies have a stimulating capacity and are responsible for hyperthyroidism. The anti-thyroglobulin- and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies belonging to the catalytic type of antibodies destroy the thyrocytes resulting in hypothyroidism. The appearance of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies precedes the induction of thyroiditis and the manifestation of hypothyroidism. The molecular analysis of thyroglobulin gene polymorphism is important in the mechanism of autoimmune thyroiditis. The autoantigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex molecules is a key point of the autoimmune mechanism. It has been shown that a HLA-DR variant containing arginine at position 74 of the DRβ1 chain confers a strong genetic susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases, Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, while glutamine at position DRβ1-74 is protective. Human thyroglobulin 2098 peptide represents a strong and specific DRβ1-Arg74 binder, while a non-binding control peptide, thyroglobulin 2766 fails to induce this response. Moreover, thyroglobulin 2098 stimulated T-cells from individuals who were positive for thyroglobulin antibodies, demonstrating that thyroglobulin 2098 is an immunogenic peptide capable of being presented in vivo and activating T-cells in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Taken together these findings suggest that thyroglobulin 2098, a strong and specific binder to the disease-associated HLA-DRβ1-Arg74, is a major human T-cell epitope and it participates in the pathomechanism of the autoimmune thyroid disease. The exact nature of the role of environmental factors in the autoimmune thyroid disease is still not well known, but the importance of several factors such as iodine, drugs and infections has been reported. Further knowledge of the precise mechanisms of interaction between environmental factors and genes in inducing thyroid autoimmunity could result in the development of new strategies for diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1013–1022.

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The role of selenium in the pathogenesis of thyroid disease

Clinical and experimental thyroidology ◽

10.14341/ket10157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 192-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽

Evgeniya S. Senyushkina ◽

Maria A. Terekhova

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Combined Deficiency

The past few years have been actively discussing the role of individual macro- and micronutrients as factors regulating the functional activity of organs and systems and reducing the risk of developing a number of diseases, including thyroid diseases. Selenium is one of the most important and intensively studied at present microelements. According to several studies, its low plasma level is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases. In animal experiments, it was shown that a combined deficiency of selenium and iodine leads to more pronounced hypothyroidism than iodine deficiency alone. Some authors believe that cretinism in the newborn is a consequence of the combined deficiency of these two elements in the mother. It is also important that the optimal level of selenium is necessary both to initiate an immune response and to regulate an excessive immune response, as well as chronic inflammation. The review article discusses the relationship between selenium and thyroid pathology, discusses the role of selenium in the physiology of the thyroid gland and in the development of autoimmune diseases. The biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of thyroid disease are presented.

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The Spectrum of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in the Short to Medium Term Following Interferon-αTherapy for Chronic Hepatitis C

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2009/241786 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Huy A. Tran ◽

Glenn E. M. Reeves

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Interferon Therapy ◽

Pegylated Interferon ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Medium Term ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common manifestations of hepatitis C infection, exacerbated by interferon-based treatment. However, the occurrence and pattern of thyroid disease in the short/medium term following the completion of IFN-based therapy is relatively unknown and there are very few previous reports regarding the specific spectrum of autoimmune thyroid disease that may follow such therapy. We hereby report 3 cases which demonstrate the range of thyroid diseases that may occur following interferon therapy. The hypothesis advanced is that in the pathogenesis of these conditions there must be both triggering and sustaining mechanisms as thyroid diseases occur well outside the immediate effect window of pegylated interferon. This paper suggests the need to continue thyroid surveillance in IFN-treated HCV patients following the completion of therapy, perhaps for the first 6 months.

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Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders

ISRN Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2013/509764 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M. A. Iddah ◽

B. N. Macharia

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Thyroid Cell ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

The Relationship

Purpose of Review. Studies have been published in the field of autoimmune thyroid diseases since January 2005. The review is organized into areas of etiology, autoimmune features, autoantibodies, mechanism of thyroid cell injury, B-cell responses, and T-cell responses. Also it reviews the diagnosis and the relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease, neoplasm, and kidney disorders. Recent Findings. Autoimmune thyroid diseases have been reported in people living in different parts of the world including North America, Europe, Baalkans, Asia, Middle East, South America, and Africa though the reported figures do not fully reflect the number of people infected per year. Cases are unrecognized due to inaccurate diagnosis and hence are treated as other diseases. However, the most recent studies have shown that the human autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) affect up to 5% of the general population and are seen mostly in women between 30 and 50 years. Summary. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Overall, this review has expanded our understanding of the mechanism involved in pathogenesis of AITD and the relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease, neoplasm, and kidney disease. It has opened new lines of investigations that will ultimately result in a better clinical practice.

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Autoimmune thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis: relationship and the role of genetics

Immunologic Research ◽

10.1007/s12026-014-8598-9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (2-3) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ivica Lazúrová ◽

Ivana Jochmanová ◽

Karim Benhatchi ◽

Štefan Sotak

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

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Thyroid stimulatory autoantibodies in different patients with autoimmune thyroid disease do not all recognize the same components of the human thyrotropin receptor: selective role of recepto amino acids ser25-glu30

Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée ◽

10.1016/s0923-2532(05)80538-1 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 327

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Thyrotropin Receptor ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

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Autoimmune thyroid disease and other non-endocrine autoimmune diseases

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1104183t ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (3-4) ◽

pp. 183-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ljiljana Todorovic-Djilas ◽

Tijana Icin ◽

Jovanka Novakovic-Paro ◽

Ivana Bajkin

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Good Reason ◽

The Body ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Organ Specific

Introduction, Autoimmune diseases are chronic conditions initiated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. They constitute heterogeneous group of disorders, in which multiple alterations in the immune system result in a spectrum of syndromes that either target specific organs or affect the body systematically. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a possible shift of one autoimmune disease to another or the fact that more than one autoimmune disease may coexist in a single patient or in the same family. Numerous autoimmune diseases have been shown to coexist frequently with thyroid autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid disease and other organ specific non-endocrine autoimmune diseases. This part of the study reviews the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease coexisting with: pernicious anaemia, vitiligo, celiac disease, autoimmune liver disease, miastenia gravis, alopecia areata and sclerosis multiplex, and several recommendations for screening have been given. Autoimmune thyroid disease and other organ non-specific non-endocrine autoimmune diseases. Special attention is given to the correlation between autoimmune thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, syndrome Sj?gren, systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disease. Conclusions. Screening for autoimmune thyroid diseases should be recommended in everyday clinical practice, in patients with primary organ-specific or organ non-specific autoimmune disease. Other?wise, in patients with primary thyroid autoimmune disease, there is no good reason of seeking for all other autoimmune diseases, although these patients have a greater risk of developing other autoimmune disease. Economic aspects of medicine require further analyzing of these data, from cost/benefit point of view to justified either mandatory screening or medical practitioner judgment.

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Emerging Roles for Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endocr/bqaa053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 161 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Liang Yin ◽

Chong Zeng ◽

Jie Yao ◽

Jie Shen

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Autoimmune Disorders ◽

Present Knowledge ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Hashimoto Disease

Abstract Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders. However, the pathogenesis of AITD has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that abnormal expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of AITD. microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 3 major groups of ncRNAs that are attracting increasing attention. Herein, we summarized our present knowledge on the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in AITD. This review focused on the importance of ncRNAs in development of the most prevalent AITD, such as Hashimoto disease and Graves’ diseases. Altogether, the main purpose of this review is to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of AITD and the possibility of developing novel potential therapeutic targets.

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