scholarly journals Exploring Medical Response Preparation Strategies for Terrorist Subway Dirty Bomb Explosion Based on A Simulation System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiecheng Yan ◽  
Yuxuan Yang ◽  
Min Yu
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Dirty Bomb ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Bomb Explosion

Abstract Introduction: London bombings on July 7, 2005 presented serious difficulties for medical response, moreover, if a dirty bomb attack had occurred in an underground train, it would have been more difficulties to cope with. Based on this possibility, it is critical to take strategies on medical response to dirty bomb attacks in underground transport systems into account beforehand. Method: In the Windows 10 operating system, visual studio 2019 environment, we used C ++ language to develop a system that can simulate the process of nuclear or radiological emergency medical rescue based on discrete event simulation, mainly considering the designs of professional rescue groups, staffs’ energy consumption, injured and uninjured persons on site, and competence value of key staffs.Results: In the scenario of a subway dirty bomb terrorist attack causing 2.6 casualties per minute and 208 casualties in total, the manpower needed for the emergency medical response were 5 pre-triage groups, 7 contamination triage groups, 23 decontamination groups, 5 first-aid groups, and 12 comprehensive treatment groups. Besides, 5 first-aid groups and 45 decontamination groups were added to implement on-site rescue. The total number of actual participants in the medical response should be about 337. More than 337 PPE should be prepared.Conclusion: We designed and constructed a simulation system, and used it to explore the medical response preparation strategies for subway terrorist dirty bomb explosion, including preparation of sufficient staffs and equipment, consideration of the rotation needs of the staffs, and perception of real-time situation on site and agile command, especially obtained the prediction method of staff and equipment resources for specific disaster background, which could provide constructive references for the security protection of urban subway systems in the future.

scholarly journals Review on emergency medical response against terrorist attack

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-wen Wang ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Ming-min Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Emergency Medical Response

scholarly journals P046: Students as first responders: A survey of Canadian campus emergency medical response teams

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S79
Author(s):  
E. Formosa ◽  
L. Grainger ◽  
A. Roseborough ◽  
A. Sereda ◽  
L. Cipriano
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Emergency Medical Response

Introduction: Canadian post-secondary campuses are densely-populated communities and the first home-away-from-home to many students participating in various academic programs, new social activities, and on-campus athletic activities. The diversity of on-campus activities combined with the high-stress of academic programs results in illness and injury rates that may increase the strain on emergency medical systems. Existing on some campuses for more than 30 years, campus emergency medical response teams (CEMRTs) address the need for a local emergency medical service that can provide first-aid in low-acuity situations and rapid response to high-acuity emergencies. In Canada, many student-run volunteer-responder CEMRTs exist but the range of their service capabilities, operations, and their call-volumes have not been described previously. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. Methods: We surveyed the 30 known campus emergency medical response teams identified through membership in the Canadian Association of Campus Emergency Response Teams. The 32-question survey asked information on their level of training (standard first aid [SFA], first responder [FR], emergency medical responder [EMR]), service operations including call volume, and funding model. This study was approved by the Western University Institutional Review Board. Results: Twenty-four teams completed the survey (80%); the majority of which are located in Ontario (70%, 16 teams). One team reported that they are no longer in operation. Eleven teams (48%) have medical directors. Nine teams (39%) reported responding to ≤100 calls/year, 11 teams (48%) reported 100-500 calls/year, and 3 teams (13%) reported >500 calls/year. Responders of two teams (9%) maintain training at SFA level; 14 teams (61%) have some or all responders with FR training; and 6 teams (26%) have some or all members certified at EMR level. Twenty-one teams (91%) are equipped with AEDs and 19 teams (83%) are equipped with oxygen. Common medications carried include epinephrine (13 teams, 57%), naloxone (12 teams, 52%), and acetylsalicylic acid (9 teams, 39%). Conclusion: Canadian post-secondary campuses have highly-active student-run volunteer CMERTs. Considerable variability in the services provided may reflect the unique needs of the campuses they serve. CEMRTs may reduce low-acuity case demand on local emergency medical response and emergency department services in some communities; their impact on system demand and costs is the subject of future work.

Local emergency medical response after a terrorist attack in Norway: a qualitative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 806-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleidis S Brandrud ◽  
Michael Bretthauer ◽  
Guttorm Brattebø ◽  
May JB Pedersen ◽  
Kent Håpnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Emergency Medical Response

The Role of the Physician at a Medical Disaster: Hospital Emergency Response Teams

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Eric Alcouloumre ◽  
Davis Rasumoff
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Emergency Medical Personnel ◽  
Emergency Medical Response

The Hospital Emergency Response Team concept, as outlined here and in the Multi-Casualty Incident Operational Procedures of the California Fire Chiefs Association, is the result of a consensus effort by all EMS interest groups in Los Angeles. It is an effective way to utilize the skills of emergency medical personnel at the scene of a disaster. The role of the physician is an important one, and this concept was specifically designed to maximize the benefit to be derived from having a physician at the scene. It is important, however, that physicians recognize their limitations; a medical degree does not automatically confer “mystic abilities”in the area of disaster management. The role of the physician should include pre-disaster planning and at-scene patient management responsibilities as a member or leader of a pre-designated hospital-based emergency medical response team.

scholarly journals Emergency Medical Response in Mass Casualty Tunnel Incidents—with Emphasis on Prehospital Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelie Holgersson ◽  
Annika Eklund ◽  
Lina Gyllencreutz ◽  
Britt-Inger Saveman
Keyword(s):  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Emergency Medical Response

An Effective Risk Minimization Strategy Applied to an Outdoor Music Festival: A Multi-Agency Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Luther ◽  
Fergus Gardiner ◽  
Shane Lenson ◽  
David Caldicott ◽  
Ryan Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Specific Event Identifiersa. Event type: Outdoor music festival.b. Event onset date: December 3, 2016.c. Location of event: Regatta Point, Commonwealth Park.d. Geographical coordinates: Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia (-35.289002, 149.131957, 600m).e. Dates and times of observation in latitude, longitude, and elevation: December 3, 2016, 11:00-23:00.f. Response type: Event medical support.AbstractIntroductionYoung adult patrons are vulnerable to risk-taking behavior, including drug taking, at outdoor music festivals. Therefore, the aim of this field report is to discuss the on-site medical response during a music festival, and subsequently highlight observed strategies aimed at minimizing substance abuse harm.MethodThe observed outdoor music festival was held in Canberra (Australian Capital Territory [ACT], Australia) during the early summer of 2016, with an attendance of 23,008 patrons. First aid and on-site medical treatment data were gained from the relevant treatment area and service.ResultsThe integrated first aid service provided support to 292 patients. Final analysis consisted of 286 patients’ records, with 119 (41.6%) males and 167 (58.4%) females. Results from this report indicated that drug intoxication was an observed event issue, with 15 (5.1%) treated on site and 13 emergency department (ED) presentations, primarily related to trauma or medical conditions requiring further diagnostics.ConclusionThis report details an important public health need, which could be met by providing a coordinated approach, including a robust on-site medical service, accepting intrinsic risk-taking behavior. This may include on-site drug-checking, providing reliable information on drug content with associated education.LutherM, GardinerF, LensonS, CaldicottD, HarrisR, SabetR, MalloyM, PerkinsJ. An effective risk minimization strategy applied to an outdoor music festival: a multi-agency approach. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):220–224.

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