AHP Based Grassroots Emergency Response Capability Evaluation Index System Construction

The primary and secondary catastrophes of emergencies, as well as their comprehensive disasters, add a significant deal of complexity and risk to the grassroots emergency response system’s creation. The completeness of the emergency response system development is significantly related to improving the basic capacity of grassroots emergency security. The weight comparison calculation and analysis of the links at all levels in the emergency response system is carried out using the hierarchical analysis method based on the basic experience of current domestic related fields for the construction of the emergency response process system, and the results of the relative importance ranking of indicators are obtained, and this is used to provide emergency response and emergency management decision makers with emergent information.

A Combinatorial Optimization Model for Emergency Resource Allocation after Disasters

Disasters occur over a short or long period of time and cause large-scale harm to humans, infrastructure, as well as the ecosystem every year. Immediate response after a disaster helps minimize its impact on life and property. Therefore, it is crucial to have an emergency response system ready to handle any emergency that may come up after a disaster. In this paper, a model is proposed to optimize the distribution of emergency services at disaster-struck points. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, two metaheuristic algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization and Cuckoo Search Optimization have been used to dynamically allocate the available resources based on the given situation. The proposed model uses the distance between the emergency location and the emergency service provider, and the severity of the emergency as the main metrics for scoring any considered solution. The conducted experiments demonstrate that the model provides effective, efficient, and dynamic allocation service at emergency locations in simulated disaster situations.

Evaluasi Sistem Tanggap Darurat Kebakaran Dan Preparedness (Kesiapan) Sebagai Langkah Penanggulangan Kondisi Darurat Kebakaran Di Rumah Sakit 3m Plus Tembilahan

Kasus kebakaran di Rumah Sakit masih tergolong tinggi dan ini sangat merugikan baik untuk pihak Rumah Sakit maupun pengunjung atau pasien yang berobat. maka diperlukan sistem tanggap darurat yang baik dalam menghadapi situasi darurat terutama kebakaran, maka dari itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sistem tanggap darurat kebakaran serta bagaimana implementasi prosedur operasional tanggap darurat (emergency response and preparedness) Rumah Sakit 3M Plus. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan kualitatif analitik. Analisa yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber, metode dan data. Data yang disajikan dalam bentuk matriks dan narasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tanggap darurat seperti simulasi kebakaran, sarana penyelamatan, dan kesesuaian penerapan APAR masi perlu dievaluasi dan perlu dibenahi kembali agar menjadi sebuah tindakkan yang tepat sewaktu terjadinya kebakaran. Serta masih ada beberapa yang belum sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) maupun permen PU. Sistem proteksi pasif seperti titik kumpul, pintu darurat, tangga darurat tidak memadai. Fire cases in the hospital are still high and this is very detrimental to both the hospital and visitors or patients who seek treatment. Therefore, a good emergency response system is needed in dealing with emergency situations, especially fires, therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the fire emergency response system and how to implement emergency response and preparedness procedures for 3M Plus Hospital. This type of research is observational with a qualitative analytic approach. The analysis used was the triangulation of sources, methods and data. Data presented in the form of a matrix and narrative. The results showed that emergency response systems such as fire simulations, rescue facilities, and suitability of the application of APAR still need to be evaluated and need to be reorganized so that they become an appropriate action when a fire occurs. And there are still some that are not in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and PU candy. Passive protection systems such as gathering points, emergency exits, emergency stairs are inadequate.

Dam Safety Emergency Action Plan: A Current Practice for Hydropower Dam in Malaysia

There are currently 104 dams constructed in Malaysia. The dams were built for various purposes; 16 of them were built for hydropower. The dam's reservoir often presents significant risks to downstream areas if a massive downfall release occurs. The enormous downfall could be due to a dam break event, overtopping, and emergency operational release. An incident may occur due to massive flows over a spillway with high-speed discharge or unexpected peak discharge. The obvious impact of the incident is direct to the community in the downstream area. Although there is no dam failure recorded case in Malaysia since the 1900s, the possibility of dam failure occurring is still there. Therefore, the dams must have an emergency action plan (EAP) to prepare the likelihood of the emergency occurrences. This paper aims to explore the EAP practices for dam incident over the region and review the EAP practices of a hydropower dam in Malaysia. Implementing EAP in the emergency response system would minimise the public and environment's impact due to dam failures. The benefit of establishing an EAP is to create better communication and effective responses system among agencies during dam emergency occurrences. This paper revolves around the EAP practices by dam owners in mitigating the risk of dam failure occurrences.

Evaluation of Fire Disaster Emergency Response Capacity using Open-source Data and Response Time Analysis in Ilorin Metropolis

This study evaluates the response capacity to fire disaster emergency response system in Ilorin metropolis using Open-source data and response time analysis. Road and street information were obtained from Geofabrik. In addition, coordinates of fire service stations and fire disaster risk spots, specifically fuel and gas stations were acquired using Garmin 76X handheld GPS. Using the relationship of the length of road segments and speed, the travel time was computed in ArcGIS 10.4 environment. With the Network analyst tool, the response capability of the fire stations was evaluated at different response times (1, 2, and 3 minutes) based on service area coverage. The results showed that the fire stations could only cover 0.24%, 0.68%, and 1.22% of the service area within 1-, 2- and 3-minute response time, respectively, whereas 97.86% of the metropolis requires longer time (>3 minutes). Finding from this study has revealed the inadequacy of the existing fire disaster emergency response system to effectively cover the city. This will be useful for local and state governments in policy directives on strengthening fire disaster emergency response structure.

Issues of Scientific Support of Radiation Safety Based on the Experience of Overcoming the Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident

The measures on liquidation of the Chernobyl accident consequences are analyzed from the point of view of topical issues of ensuring radiation safety of the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the population. The following problems have been considered: organization of liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences and rendering medical aid to victims of the Chernobyl accident; radiation hygienic standardization, control and monitoring; improvement of emergency response system; development of new medical technologies for treatment of acute radiation disease and local radiation injuries; application of radiation protective drugs. It is stated that the experience of liquidation of the Chernobyl accident consequences created a scientifically grounded base for the work on further improvement of the radiation safety assurance system with fixation of the main provisions in the existing regulatory documents. Conclusions are drawn about the expediency of: - development of new medical and sanitary technologies aimed at ensuring radiation safety; - completion of a unified system of response and protection in the event of radiation accidents; - further search and development of methods and means of prevention and treatment of human radiation pathology, including innovative biomedical technologies; - improving the methodology for studying the consequences of radiation exposure of the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the population; - development of a new scientific field — medical nuclear forensics.

An Integrated Emergency Response Tool for Developing Countries: Case of Uganda

This paper presents a First responder emergency response tool (EMApp) as a step towards achieving integrated emergency care in developing countries, the case of Uganda. The EMApp prototype has potential to support health emergency response from various emergency stakeholders. This innovation is in line with strategic plans to embrace technologies towards the establishment of integrated social services such as emergency healthcare services (EHS) in Uganda. We describe the prototype and provide its functionalities that can be further enhanced to enable access to emergency services and save life. The possible assumptions, potential challenges and recommendations to implement and deployment of such a system are provided. There is currently no such integrated emergency response system in Uganda as is the case in many other developing countries. For future studies, there is need to deploy the tool and assess its impact on the communities.

Emergency medical dispatchers’ ability to identify large vessel occlusion stroke during emergency calls

Background In acute ischemic stroke, conjugated eye deviation (CED) is an evident sign of cortical ischemia and large vessel occlusion (LVO). We aimed to determine if an emergency dispatcher can recognise LVO stroke during an emergency call by asking the caller a binary question regarding whether the patient’s head or gaze is away from the side of the hemiparesis or not. Further, we investigated if the paramedics can confirm this sign at the scene. In the group of positive CED answers to the emergency dispatcher, we investigated what diagnoses these patients received at the emergency department (ED). Among all patients brought to ED and subsequently treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) we tracked the proportion of patients with a positive CED answer during the emergency call. Methods We collected data on all stroke dispatches in the city of Tampere, Finland, from 13 February 2019 to 31 October 2020. We then reviewed all patient records from cases where the dispatcher had marked ‘yes’ to the question regarding patient CED in the computer-aided emergency response system. We also viewed all emergency department admissions to see how many patients in total were treated with MT during the period studied. Results Out of 1913 dispatches, we found 81 cases (4%) in which the caller had verified CED during the emergency call. Twenty-four of these patients were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. Paramedics confirmed CED in only 9 (11%) of these 81 patients. Two patients with positive CED answers during the emergency call and 19 other patients brought to the emergency department were treated with MT. Conclusion A small minority of stroke dispatches include a positive answer to the CED question but paramedics rarely confirm the emergency medical dispatcher’s suspicion of CED as a sign of LVO. Few patients in need of MT can be found this way. Stroke dispatch protocol with a CED question needs intensive implementation.