scholarly journals Factors Associated With Virological Suppression of HIV Viral Load in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Conakry, Guinea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimou camara ◽  
Penda Maladho Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Bobo Diallo ◽  
Talla Nioké ◽  
Adama Cissé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Viral Load Data ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract BackgroundThe viral load has become an indispensable tool in evaluating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV / AIDS. This study aimed to assess virological suppression among in people living with HIV / AIDS on antiretroviral therapy in Guinea.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study of more than three years that involved adult HIV-positive patients treated in different sites in Conakry. A total of 9815 viral load data were collected. The viral load was quantified by the Generic Biocentric technique and the detection threshold set at 350 copies/ml. Statistical analyses were performed by R software version R4.0.3..ResultsA total of 9815 viral load data collected at the national public health laboratory were analysed. The sample was dominated by women (72%), with an average age of 29 [29, 39]. Of these, 6,706 (68%) of HIV-positive people on ART had viral load suppression. The univaried analysis showed that women were 22% more likely to have VL suppression (p-value <0.001) moreover, the chance for all HIV-positive people on treatment to achieve viral load suppression was related to the length of treatment.Conclusionthe results of this study show viral load suppression greater than 68%. The length of antiretroviral therapy, female gender, and advancing age of PLHIV were all favourable to VL suppression.

scholarly journals Changes in D-Dimer after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in adults living with HIV in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe A Teasdale ◽  
Cecilia Hernandez ◽  
Allison Zerbe ◽  
Duncan Chege ◽  
Mark Hawken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Median Viral Load ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background: Increased coagulation biomarkers are associated with poor outcomes among people living with HIV(PLHIV). There are few data available from African cohorts demonstrating the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on coagulation biomarkers. Methods: From March 2014 to October 2014, ART-naïve PLHIV initiating non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART were recruited from seven clinics in western Kenya and followed for up to 12 months. Demographics, clinical history and blood specimens were collected. Logistic regression models adjusted for intrasite clustering examined associations between viral load and D-Dimer at baseline. Mixed linear effects models were used to estimate mean change from baseline to six months overall, and by baseline viral load, sex and TB status at enrollment. Mean change in D-dimer at six months is reported on the log10 scale and as percentage change from baseline. Results: Among 611 PLHIV enrolled, 66% were female, median age was 34 years (interquartile range (IQR) 29-43 years), 31 (5%) participants had tuberculosis and median viral load was 113,500 copies/mL (IQR: 23,600-399,000). At baseline, 311 (50.9%) PLHIV had elevated D-dimer (>500 ng/mL) and median D-dimer was 516.4 ng/mL (IQR: 302.7-926.6) (log baseline D-dimer: 2.7, IQR: 2.5-3.0). Higher baseline D-dimer was significantly associated with higher viral load (p<0.0001), female sex (p=0.02) and tuberculosis (p=-0.02). After six months on ART, 518 (84.8%) PLHIV had achieved viral load <1,000 copies/mL and median D-dimer was 390.0 (IQR: 236.6-656.9) (log D-dimer: 2.6, IQR: 2.4-2.8). Mean change in log D-dimer from baseline to six months was -0.12 (95%CI -0.15, - 0.09) (p<0.0001) indicating at 31.3% decline (95%CI -40.0, -23.0) in D-dimer levels over the first six months on ART. D-dimer decline after ART initiation was significantly greater among PLHIV with tuberculosis at treatment initiation (-172.1%, 95%CI -259.0, -106.3; p<0.0001) and those with log viral load >6.0 copies/mL (-91.1%, 95%CI -136.7, -54.2; p<0.01). Conclusions: In this large Kenyan cohort of PLHIV, women, those with tuberculosis and higher viral load had elevated baseline D-dimer. ART initiation and viral load suppression among ART-naïve PLHIV in Kenya were associated with significant decrease in D-dimer at six months in this large African cohort.

Integrase strand transferase inhibitors: the preferred antiretroviral regimen in HIV-positive renal transplantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan M Azar ◽  
Maricar F Malinis ◽  
J Moss ◽  
Richard N Formica ◽  
Merceditas S Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Published Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In the era of antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV/AIDS live longer and are subject to co-morbidities that affect the general population, such as chronic kidney disease. An increasing number of people living with HIV/AIDS with end-stage renal disease are candidates for renal transplantation. Prior experience demonstrated that HIV-positive renal transplant recipients had acceptable survival but graft survival was decreased and rejection rates were increased, possibly due to suboptimal management of immunosuppressive medications in the face of drug interactions with antiretroviral therapy, particularly protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Integrase strand transferase inhibitors are advantageous since they avoid drug–drug interactions with immunosuppressive drugs such as calcineurin inhibitors. We report clinical outcomes of 12 HIV-positive patients who underwent 13 kidney transplantations at our institution between 2000 and 2015. Cumulative survival was 75%, one-year and three-year survival were 100% and 63%. Integrase strand transferase inhibitor-based regimens were used in nine patients, of which eight survived. In patients on integrase strand transferase inhibitor, there was 100% graft survival and two had allograft rejection. In contrast, graft failure occurred in three patients on non-integrase strand transferase inhibitor-based regimens. Based on our study findings and on previously published data, we conclude that integrase strand transferase inhibitor-based therapy, preferably instituted prior to transplantation, is the preferred antiretroviral regimen in HIV-positive renal transplantation.

scholarly journals Current Status In Kedir City Towards 90-90-90 Unaids Target (A Case study of Pesantren 1 Health Center)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geofrey Ssekalembe ◽  
Muhammad Atoillah Isfandiari
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
The People ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Introduction In 2016, UN Member States committed to reduce new HIV infections to fewer than 500,000 annually by 2020, a 75% reduction compared with 2010, reduce AIDS-related deaths to fewer than 500 000 globally as a means of ending AIDS by 2030. The main UNAIDS 2020 target is to ensure that 90% of the people living with HIV know their status, 90% of the people living with HIV (who know their HIV status as positive) are already on ART treatment, 90% of people on treatment are virally suppressed. The objective of the study is to determine the current situation towards the 2020 90-9-90 UNAIDS target and the factors associated with HIV viral load suppression at Pesantren 1 Health center Method The study was a cross sectional study at Pesantren 1 Health Center in Kediri city. The researcher collected secondary data at from the January 2018 till May 2019, carried in depth interviews, then determined the percentage of HIV positive patients that did a HIV test and received their results as Positive, the percentage of HIV positive patients that started ART treatment, the percentage of HIV positive patients that have viral load suppression from the viral load tests done. The researcher used the chi square analysis to determine the significant factors that may determine viral suppression that are already on ART treatment and then applied the binary logistic regression to determine the significant factors that determine viral suppression among the HIV positive patients that are already on ART treatment. Results The progress towards the 90-90-90 UNAIDS target was at 2.4%, 93.4%, 20.5%. The time taken by the HIV positive patient to start ART treatment from the time of confirmation of HIV positive and the time taken to take the first viral load test from the time when this patient started ART treatment were significantly influencing Viral load suppression. Conclusion There is need to scale up HIV case-detection capacity through creating awareness about HIV, HIV testing and counselling (HTC), reducing stigma and discrimination and also need to expand of the ART services so as to achieve the 90-0-90 UNAIDS target.

scholarly journals Changes in D-Dimer after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in adults living with HIV in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe A Teasdale ◽  
Cecilia Hernandez ◽  
Allison Zerbe ◽  
Duncan Chege ◽  
Mark Hawken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Median Viral Load ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background: Increased coagulation biomarkers are associated with poor outcomes among people living with HIV(PLHIV). There are few data available from African cohorts demonstrating the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on coagulation biomarkers.Methods: From March 2014 to October 2014, ART-naïve PLHIV initiating non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART were recruited from seven clinics in western Kenya and followed for up to 12 months. Demographics, clinical history and blood specimens were collected. Logistic regression models adjusted for intrasite clustering examined associations between HIV viral load and D-Dimer at baseline. Mixed linear effects models were used to estimate mean change from baseline to six months overall, and by baseline viral load, sex and TB status at enrollment. Mean change in D-dimer at six months is reported on the log10 scale and as percentage change from baseline.Results: Among 611 PLHIV enrolled, 66% were female, median age was 34 years (interquartile range (IQR) 29-43 years), 31 (5%) participants had tuberculosis and median viral load was 113,500 copies/mL (IQR: 23,600-399,000). At baseline, 311 (50.9%) PLHIV had elevated D-dimer (>500 ng/mL) and median D-dimer was 516.4 ng/mL (IQR: 302.7-926.6) (log baseline D-dimer: 2.7, IQR: 2.5-3.0). Higher baseline D-dimer was significantly associated with higher viral load (p<0.0001), female sex (p=0.02) and tuberculosis (p=-0.02). After six months on ART, 518 (84.8%) PLHIV had achieved viral load <1,000 copies/mL and median D-dimer was 390.0 (IQR: 236.6-656.9) (log D-dimer: 2.6, IQR: 2.4-2.8). Mean change in log D-dimer from baseline to six months was -0.12 (95%CI -0.15, - 0.09) (p<0.0001) indicating at 31.3% decline (95%CI -40.0, -23.0) in D-dimer levels over the first six months on ART. D-dimer decline after ART initiation was significantly greater among PLHIV with tuberculosis at treatment initiation (-172.1%, 95%CI -259.0, -106.3; p<0.0001) and those with log viral load >6.0 copies/mL (-91.1%, 95%CI -136.7, -54.2; p<0.01). Conclusions: In this large Kenyan cohort of PLHIV, women, those with tuberculosis and higher viral load had elevated baseline D-dimer. ART initiation and viral load suppression among ART-naïve PLHIV in Kenya were associated with significant decrease in D-dimer at six months in this large African cohort.

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nafula Kuria
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

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