Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based high-throughput online assay for key cell wall features that determine sugarcane bagasse digestibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinru Li ◽  
Fumin Ma ◽  
Chengping Liang ◽  
Maoyao Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: The improvement of sugarcane cell wall structure is a promising strategy to enhance the bagasse digestibility to improve its prospects as a bioenergy crop. In this context, cellulose crystallinity (CrI) and lignin are the key parameters that influence the saccharification efficiency. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a high-throughput assay for online characterization of these cell wall features in sugarcane. Results: A total of 838 different sugarcane genotypes were collected at different growth stages during 2018 and 2019. A continuous variation distribution of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was observed among the sugarcane samples. Due to significant diversity of the cell wall features in the sampled population of the crop, seven high quality calibration models were developed through online NIRS calibration. All of the generated equations displayed coefficient of determination (R2) values higher than 0.8 and high ratio performance deviation (RPD) values over 2.0 in calibration, internal cross validation, and external validation. Particularly, the equations for CrI and the total lignin content exhibited the RPD values as high as 2.56 and 2.55, respectively, indicating their excellent prediction capacity. Furthermore, the offline NIRS assay was also performed. A comparable calibration was observed between the offline and online NIRS analyses, suggesting that both of the two strategies would be applicable for estimating cell wall characteristics. Nevertheless, as online NIRS assay offers greater advantages for large-scale screening jobs, it could be implied as a better option for high-throughput cell wall features prediction. Conclusions: This study, as a foremost attempt, explored an online NIRS assay for high-throughput assessment of key sugarcane cell wall attributes in terms of CrI, lignin content, and its proportion in sugarcane. Consistent and precise calibration results were obtained in NIRS modeling; insinuating this strategy as a reliable approach for large-scale screening of promising sugarcane germplasm for cell wall structure improvement and beyond.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinru Li ◽  
Fumin Ma ◽  
Chengping Liang ◽  
Maoyao Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Sugarcane is one of the most crucial energy crops that produces high yields of sugar and lignocellulose. The cellulose crystallinity index (CrI) and lignin are the two kinds of key cell wall features that account for lignocellulose saccharification. Therefore, high-throughput screening of sugarcane germplasm with excellent cell wall features is considered a promising strategy to enhance bagasse digestibility. Recently, there has been research to explore near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) assays for the characterization of the corresponding wall features. However, due to the technical barriers of the offline strategy, it is difficult to apply for high-throughput real-time analyses. This study was therefore initiated to develop a high-throughput online NIRS assay to rapidly detect cellulose crystallinity, lignin content, and their related proportions in sugarcane, aiming to provide an efficient and feasible method for sugarcane cell wall feature evaluation. Results A total of 838 different sugarcane genotypes were collected at different growth stages during 2018 and 2019. A continuous variation distribution of the near-infrared spectrum was observed among these collections. Due to the very large diversity of CrI and lignin contents detected in the collected sugarcane samples, seven high-quality calibration models were developed through online NIRS calibration. All of the generated equations displayed coefficient of determination (R2) values greater than 0.8 and high ratio performance deviation (RPD) values of over 2.0 in calibration, internal cross-validation, and external validation. Remarkably, the equations for CrI and total lignin content exhibited RPD values as high as 2.56 and 2.55, respectively, indicating their excellent prediction capacity. An offline NIRS assay was also performed. Comparable calibration was observed between the offline and online NIRS analyses, suggesting that both strategies would be applicable to estimate cell wall characteristics. Nevertheless, as online NIRS assays offer tremendous advantages for large-scale real-time screening applications, it could be implied that they are a better option for high-throughput cell wall feature prediction. Conclusions This study, as an initial attempt, explored an online NIRS assay for the high-throughput assessment of key cell wall features in terms of CrI, lignin content, and their proportion in sugarcane. Consistent and precise calibration results were obtained with NIRS modeling, insinuating this strategy as a reliable approach for the large-scale screening of promising sugarcane germplasm for cell wall structure improvement and beyond.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoyao Wang ◽  
Yinjuan Shen ◽  
Xinru Li ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Le Mao ◽  
...  

Stalk quality improvement is deemed a promising strategy to enhance sugarcane production. However, the lack of efficient approaches for a systematic evaluation of sugarcane germplasm limited stalk quality improvement. In this study, 628 sugarcane samples were employed to take a high-throughput assay for determining the sugarcane stalk quality. Based on the high-performance anion chromatography method, large sugarcane stalk quality variations were detected in biomass composition and the corresponding fundamental ratio values. Online and offline Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) modeling strategies were applied for multiple purpose calibration. Consequently, 25 equations were generated with the excellent determination coefficient (R2) and ratio performance deviation (RPD) values. Notably, for some observations, RPD values as high as 6.3 were observed that indicated their exceptional performance potential and prediction capacity. Hence, this study provides a feasible way for high-throughput assessment of stalk quality, permitting large-scale screening of optimal sugarcane germplasm.


2014 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alves-Rausch ◽  
Roland Bienert ◽  
Christian Grimm ◽  
Dirk Bergmaier

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Lee ◽  
Sang Hyeon Jin ◽  
Jinung An

Abstract The human brain is lateralized to dominant or non-dominant hemispheres, and controlled through large-scale neural networks between correlated cortical regions. Recently, many neuroimaging studies have been conducted to examine the origin of brain lateralization, but this is still unclear. In this study, we examined the differences in brain activation in subjects according to dominant and non-dominant hands while using chopsticks. Fifteen healthy right-handed subjects were recruited to perform tasks which included transferring almonds using stainless steel chopsticks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to acquire the hemodynamic response over the primary sensory-motor cortex (SM1), premotor area (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and frontal cortex. We measured the concentrations of oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin induced during the use of chopsticks with dominant and non-dominant hands. While using the dominant hand, brain activation was observed on the contralateral side. While using the non-dominant hand, brain activation was observed on the ipsilateral side as well as the contralateral side. These results demonstrate dominance and functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemisphere.


1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A299-A301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen G. Boeriu ◽  
Trinette Stolle-Smits ◽  
Cees van Dijk

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