Differentiation of Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors from Pleomorphic Adenomas and Warthin’s Tumors: Combined Diagnostic Value of Tumor Blood Flow and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient by Histogram Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumine Tanaka ◽  
Maki Umino ◽  
Masayuki Maeda ◽  
Ryohei Nakayama ◽  
Katsuhiro Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Tumor Blood Flow ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenomas ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of tumor blood flow (TBF) obtained by pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for differentiating salivary gland malignant tumors (MTs) from pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and Warthin’s tumors (WTs). We used pCASL imaging and ADC map to evaluate 65 patients, including 16 with MT, 30 with PA, and 19 with WT. We evaluated all tumors by histogram analyses and compared various characteristics by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-hoc tests. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. There were significant differences in the mean, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of TBF among the tumor types, in the mean TBFs (ml/100g/min) between MTs (57.47 ± 35.14) and PAs (29.88 ± 22.53, p = 0.039) and between MTs and WTs (119.31 ± 50.11, p < 0.001), as well as in the mean ADCs (×10− 3 mm2/sec) between MTs (1.08 ± 0.28) and PAs (1.60 ± 0.34, p < 0.001), but not in the mean ADCs between MTs and WTs (0.87 ± 0.23, p = 0.117). In the ROC curve analysis, the highest areas under the curves (AUCs) were achieved by the 10th and 25th percentiles of ADC (AUC = 0.885) for differentiating MTs from PAs and the 50th percentile of TBF (AUC = 0.855) for differentiating MTs from WTs. The AUCs of TBF, ADC, and combination of TBF and ADC were 0.850, 0.885, and 0.950 for MT and PA differentiation and 0.855, 0.814, and 0.905 for MT and WT differentiation, respectively. The combination of TBF and ADC evaluated by histogram analysis helped differentiate salivary gland MTs from PAs and WTs.

Diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiating between high-grade gliomas and brain metastases

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionut Caravan ◽  
Cristiana Augusta Ciortea ◽  
Alexandra Contis ◽  
Andrei Lebovici
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Peritumoral Edema ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
The Mean

Background High-grade gliomas (HGGs) and brain metastases (BMs) can display similar imaging characteristics on conventional MRI. In HGGs, the peritumoral edema may be infiltrated by the malignant cells, which was not observed in BMs. Purpose To determine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient values could differentiate HGGs from BMs. Material and Methods Fifty-seven patients underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) before treatment. The minimum and mean ADC in the enhancing tumor (ADCmin, ADCmean) and the minimum ADC in the peritumoral region (ADCedema) were measured from ADC maps. To determine whether there was a statistical difference between groups, ADC values were compared. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff ADC value for distinguishing between HGGs and BMs. Results The mean ADCmin values in the intratumoral regions of HGGs were significantly higher than those in BMs. No differences were observed between groups regarding ADCmean values. The mean ADCmin values in the peritumoral edema of HGGs were significantly lower than those in BMs. According to ROC curve analysis, a cutoff value of 1.332 × 10−3 mm2/s for the ADCedema generated the best combination of sensitivity (95%) and specificity (84%) for distinguishing between HGGs and BMs. The same value showed a sensitivity of 95.6% and a specificity of 100% for distinguishing between GBMs and BMs. Conclusion ADC values from DWI were found to distinguish between HGGs and solitary BMs. The peritumoral ADC values are better than the intratumoral ADC values in predicting the tumor type.

scholarly journals Apparent diffusion coefficient for differentiating between benign and malignant hepatic focal lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Abugamra ◽  
Aya Yassin ◽  
Asmaa Saber Mostafa Abdel-Rehim ◽  
Dina Sayed Sheha
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the role of diffusion weight MRI (DWI) in the characterization of hepatic focal lesions by using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Thirty patients (18 women, 12 men; mean age 48.5 years) with hepatic focal lesions were included in this study. Patients underwent DW MR imaging with the SPLICE sequence. ADC of each focal lesion carcinoma was calculated from DW MR Images obtained with low and high b values. ADCs were compared among pathological types of focal lesions. Results Among the 30 patients included in the study, 46 focal lesions were detected. Twenty-four lesions were metastatic lesions from primary cancer, 7 lesions were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 9 lesions were hemangiomas, and 6 lesions were simple cysts. There was highly significant difference between the mean ADC of the malignant lesions (metastasis and HCC) and the mean ADC of benign lesions (hemangiomas and cysts). The ADC of malignant lesion was much less than that of benign lesion. The mean ADC of malignant lesions (n = 31) was 0.73 ± 0.19 × 10−3 mm2/s, and the mean ADC of benign lesions (n = 15) was 1.94 ± 0.68 × 10−3 mm2/s (p value < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the cysts and hemangiomas. There was no statistically significant difference between the metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion ADCs values were able to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. ADC should be considered in the work up of patients with hepatic focal lesions.

Evaluation of extraocular muscles in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy using apparent diffusion coefficient measured by magnetic resonance imaging before and after radiation therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110340
Author(s):  
Wu Yu ◽  
Lao Zheng ◽  
Zhang Shuo ◽  
Liu Xingtong ◽  
Jiang Mengda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Inferior Rectus ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The Mean

Background Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune orbital disease characterized by edema of extraocular muscles (EOMs). Purpose To characterize the inflammation of EOMs in patients with TAO before and after radiation therapy using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and to analyze the correlation between ADC and clinical activity of TAO. Material and Methods The ADCs of superior rectus (SR), inferior rectus (IR), medial rectus (MR), and lateral rectus (LR) muscles were measured in 52 eyes of 26 patients with TAO before and three months after orbital radiation therapy. In addition, 38 eyes of 20 healthy volunteers were included. The clinical activity score (CAS) was evaluated. The ADC maps were reconstructed and measured on the coronal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence and calculated in mm2/s. Results The mean ADCs of EOMs before treatment were 1.42 ± 0.23 in SR, 1.37 ± 0.23 in IR, 1.41 ± 0.21 in MR, and 1.28 ± 0.25 in LR. The mean ADCs after treatment were 1.27 ± 0.18, 1.22 ± 0.26, 1.30 ± 0.22, and 1.15 ± 0.21, respectively. The ADCs were significantly decreased after treatment (all P < 0.001). The ADCs of patients with TAO were significantly higher than those of controls. There was a statistically significant correlation between the mean ADCs and the CAS in each patient with TAO both before and after treatment (before: r = 0.520; P < 0.001; after: r = 0.625; P < 0.001). Conclusion The ADC values of EOMs can be exploited as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the clinical activity and monitor the therapeutic responses of patients with TAO.

scholarly journals The Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in the Differentiation between Cerebellar Medulloblastoma and Brainstem Glioma

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Pham Minh Thong ◽  
Nguyen Minh Duc
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brainstem Glioma ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Cerebellar Medulloblastoma ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

For certain clinical circumstances, the differentiation between cerebellar medulloblastoma and brainstem glioma is essential. We aimed to evaluate the role played by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the differentiation between cerebellar medulloblastomas and brainstem gliomas in children. The institutional review board approved this prospective study. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC, was assessed in 32 patients (median age: 7.0 years), divided into two groups, a medulloblastoma group (group 1, n = 22) and a brainstem glioma group (group 2, n = 10). The Mann–Whitney U test was utilized to compare tumor ADCmax, ADCmin, ADCmean, and ADCsd values, and their ratios with the parenchyma values between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Youden index were used to calculate the cut-off value, along with the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. The median ADCmax, ADCmin, and ADCmean values were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (p < 0.05). The median ratios of ADCmin and ADCmean to the parenchyma were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (p < 0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the AUC for the ADCmean ratio was the highest among these parameters, at 98.2%. The ADCmean tumor to parenchyma ratio was a significant and effective parameter for the differentiation between pediatric medulloblastomas and brainstem gliomas.

scholarly journals Cerebral blood flow, transit time, and apparent diffusion coefficient in moyamoya disease before and after acetazolamide

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Federau ◽  
Soren Christensen ◽  
Zungho Zun ◽  
Sun-Won Park ◽  
Wendy Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

Differentiation of prostate cancer and stromal hyperplasia in the transition zone with histogram analysis of the apparent diffusion coefficient

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1528-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Xiaohang ◽  
Zhou Bingni ◽  
Zhou Liangping ◽  
Peng Weijun ◽  
Yang Xiaoqun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
B Value ◽  
Histogram Analysis ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background Prostate cancer and stromal hyperplasia (SH) in the transition zone (TZ) are difficult to discriminate by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Purpose To investigate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of prostate cancer and SH in the TZ with histogram analysis and the ability of ADC metrics to differentiate between these two tissues. Material and Methods Thirty-three cancer and 29 SH lesions in the TZ of 54 patients undergoing preoperative DWI (b-value 0, 1000 s/mm2) were analyzed. All the lesions on the MR images were localized based on histopathologic correlations. The 10th, 25th, and 50th percentiles, and the mean ADC values were calculated for the two tissues and compared. The efficiencies of the 10th, 25th, and 50th ADC percentiles in differentiating the two tissues were compared with that of the mean ADC with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The 10th, 25th, and 50th percentiles and mean ADC values (×10−3 mm2/s) were 0.86 ± 0.15, 0.89 ± 0.16, 0.94 ± 0.16, and 1.03 ± 0.17 in SH and 0.64 ± 0.12, 0.69 ± 0.12, 0.72 ± 0.16, and 0.83 ± 0.15 in TZ cancer, respectively. The parameters were all significantly lower in cancer than SH. The 10th ADC percentile yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.87 for the differentiation of carcinomas from SH, which was higher than the mean ADC (0.80) ( P < 0.05), and the AUCs of the 25th (0.82) and 50th (0.83) percentiles exhibited no differences from those of the mean ADC ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Histogram analysis of ADC values may potentially improve the differentiation of prostate cancer from SH in the TZ.

Abstract WP60: Evaluation of Tissue Reversibility by Relative Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Successful Thrombectomy

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Ueda ◽  
Tatsuro Takada ◽  
Shinji Nogoshi ◽  
Satoshi Takaishi ◽  
Tomohide Yoshie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Infarcted Area ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background: By recent advance of endovascular thrombectomy, we have often experienced acute ischemic patients who have diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) reversal lesions after earlier successful recanalization. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) thresholds of tissue infarction and time from onset to recanalization in acute ischemic stroke patients. Methods: We assessed 24 patients who have occlusion of internal carotid artery (n=11) and the main trunk of middle cerebral artery (n=13) and obtained recanalization of TICI2b (n=12) and TICI3 (n=12) by thrombectomy and performed MRI before and after treatment. Relative ADC (rADC) value were calculated for initial DWI lesions and around hypoperfused regions. We evaluated rADC values in infarcted and non-infarcted area and analyzed the relationship between rADC thresholds of tissue infarction and time. Results: The mean time from onset to recanalization was 209 minutes and mean initial NIHSS was 15.4. The mean rADC value was 0.633 in infarcted lesions and 0.905 in non-infarcted area (p<0.001). The thresholds for rADC value for infarction by the area under the curve derived from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were 0.769 in the area which recanalized under 180 minutes form the onset, 0.792 in that from 180 to 240 minutes, and 0.798 in that over 240 minutes. Conclusion: The estimation of rADC value may be useful in predicting the likelihood of DWI lesion reversal. Marked decreasing of rADC value which is under thresholds of infarction indicated irreversible damage of ischemic tissue regardless of early successful recanalization.

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