Fear of COVID-19, Internet Addiction, Learning Burnout, and Psychological Health On Teenagers in China at Post-Pandemic Era: A Serial Mediation Model
Abstract Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic produces a long-term effect on adolescent psychological health. There were two objectives of this study: (1) To compare psychological outcomes between an early stage of pandemic and post-pandemic era among junior high and high school students in China; (2) To investigate how COVID-19 fear impacts psychological health through a serial mediation of Internet addiction and learning burnout.Methods: Two cross-sectional online surveys were conducted among Chinese adolescents at April 2020 and at April 2021, respectively. Psychological consequence was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). In addition, influencing factors were assessed by the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS).Results: Our sample comprised 501 junior high school students and 540 high school students. There was a significant increase in symptoms of depression (χ2 = 7.03, P < 0.01), anxiety (χ2 = 35.50, P < 0.01), and stress (χ2 = 13.60, P < 0.01) at post-pandemic era compared with an early stage of COVID-19. Importantly, Internet addiction and learning burnout were identified the serial mediators between fear of COVID-19 and psychological health (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.03).Conclusions: During the post-pandemic era in China, an increased number of junior high and high school students' psychological health was affected compared with the number during the pandemic. Furthermore, fear of COVID-19 influenced psychological health through first Internet addiction and then learning burnout.