scholarly journals Flow Characteristic Research of Children Subjected to Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huikun Cai ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Haoyang Xue ◽  
Yufeng Guo ◽  
Lijun Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Reynold Number ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Hypopnea Syndrome

Abstract Revealing the structural morphology and inner flow field of the upper airway is important for understanding obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) incidence phenomena and pathological diagnosis in children. However, the present study is usually concentrated on adults, but achievement cannot be directly applied to children because of different inducing factors. Therefore, this paper employs flow characteristics and a simulation method for child OSAHS. It is found that the Reynold number changes highly throughout the whole upper airway, and the laminar assumption is no longer suitable for low Reynold number flow, which is much unlike classic fluid mechanics. Turbulent models of Standard k-ω and Spalart-Allmaras were developed prior to suggestion. The simulation is validated by experiments with an error of approximately 20%. Additionally, carried out in this analysis is the influence of adenoidal hypertrophy with different narrow levels. The cross-sectional area, flow velocity, pressure drop and volume rate will change greatly when the narrow level is above 64% of the upper airway, which can be a quantitative explanation for medical intervention if adenoid hypertrophy blocks 2/3 of the upper airway in the common clinical judgment of otorhinolaryngology. It is expected that this paper can be a meaningful instruction on OSAHS surgery plan making as well as recovery evaluation postoperatively.

scholarly journals A Community study of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in middle-aged Bangladeshi population

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
Kohinoor Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Tanvir Islam ◽  
Rajashish Chakrobortty
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
Hypopnea Syndrome

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the occurrence of repetitive episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep in association with loud snoring and daytime sleepiness and is a risk factor for hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and more. The present study was performed to assess the prevalence as well as the clinical and anthropometric predictors of OSAHS in an urban community of middle aged Bangladeshi population. The study was a cross-sectional, community-based prevalence study which was performed in an urban community in Dhanmondi Thana Pourashava of Dhaka city from July 2007 to June 2008. About 2500 citizens, aged 30-60 years were included in the study. In stage one of the study, they were informed about the polysomnography (PSG) study (stage two of the study) and 2250 of them gave consent. Subjects were then divided into habitual (495) and non-habitual snorers (1755). Among 2250 subjects, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea (OSAH) in habitual snorers was 48.33% (239/495), and that in non-habitual snorers was 1.66% (29/1755). So, the overall prevalence of OSAH in the screened population was 11.91%, and that of OSAHS was 3.29%. Likewise, the prevalence of OSAH and OSAHS in men were 17.37% and 4.49%, respectively and 6.25% and 2.14% in women. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender, age, obesity (defined by a high body mass index), waist/hip ratio were significant risk factors for OSAHS. These findings can help us in identifying the prevalence of OSAHS in the community and further planning in the management of obesity and cardiovascular diseases.  

Relationship between the Upper Airway and Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome in Morbidly Obese Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santiago-Recuerda ◽  
F. J. Gómez-Terreros ◽  
P. Caballero ◽  
A. Martín-Duce ◽  
M. J. Soleto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Hypopnea Syndrome

320-Detector CT Imaging of the Upper Airway Structure of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Ying ◽  
Qiuli Huang ◽  
Yingsheng Su ◽  
Bonian Fu ◽  
Xianwang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Upper Airway Structure ◽  
Hypopnea Syndrome

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Acromegaly and the Effect of Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. e23-e31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Parolin ◽  
Francesca Dassie ◽  
Luigi Alessio ◽  
Alexandra Wennberg ◽  
Marco Rossato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by upper airway collapse requiring nocturnal ventilatory assistance. Multiple studies have investigated the relationship between acromegaly and OSA, reporting discordant results. Aim To conduct a meta-analysis on the risk for OSA in acromegaly, and in particular to assess the role of disease activity and the effect of treatments. Methods and Study Selection A search through literature databases retrieved 21 articles for a total of 24 studies (n = 734). Selected outcomes were OSA prevalence and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in studies comparing acromegalic patients with active (ACT) vs inactive (INACT) disease and pretreatment and posttreatment measures. Factors used for moderator and meta-regression analysis included the percentage of patients with severe OSA, patient sex, age, body mass index, levels of insulin-like growth factor 1, disease duration and follow-up, and therapy. Results OSA prevalence was similar in patients with acromegaly who had ACT and INACT disease (ES = −0.16; 95% CI, −0.47 to 0.15; number of studies [k] = 10; P = 0.32). In addition, AHI was similar in ACT and INACT acromegaly patients (ES = −0.03; 95% CI, −0.49 to 0.43; k = 6; P = 0.89). When AHI was compared before and after treatment in patients with acromegaly (median follow-up of 6 months), a significant improvement was observed after treatment (ES = −0.36; 95% CI, −0.49 to −0.23; k = 10; P < 0.0001). In moderator analysis, the percentage of patients with severe OSA in the populations significantly influenced the difference in OSA prevalence (P = 0.038) and AHI (P = 0.04) in ACT vs INACT patients. Conclusion Prevalence of OSA and AHI is similar in ACT and INACT patients in cross-sectional studies. However, when AHI was measured longitudinally before and after treatment, a significant improvement was observed after treatment.

scholarly journals Morphologic Analyses of Mandible and Upper Airway Soft Tissue by MRI of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

SLEEP ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mau Okubo ◽  
Masaaki Suzuki ◽  
Atsushi Horiuchi ◽  
Shinichi Okabe ◽  
Katsuhisa Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Hypopnea Syndrome

scholarly journals The Finite Element Simulation of the Upper Airway of Patients with Moderate and Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiping Luo ◽  
Austin Scholp ◽  
Jack J. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Hypopnea Syndrome ◽  
Fluid Solid Interaction

Objectives. To investigate the snoring modes of patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome and to discover the main sources of snoring in soft tissue vibrations. Methods. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed with SolidEdge to simulate the human upper airway. The inherent modal simulation was conducted to obtain the frequencies and the corresponding shapes of the soft tissue vibrations. The respiration process was simulated with the fluid-solid interaction method through ANSYS. Results. The first 6 orders of modal vibration were 12 Hz, 18 Hz, 21 Hz, 22 Hz, 36 Hz, and 39 Hz. Frequencies of modes 1, 2, 4, and 5 were from tongue vibrations. Frequencies of modes 3 and 6 were from soft palate vibrations. Steady pressure distribution and air distribution lines in the upper airway were shown clearly in the fluid-solid interaction simulation results. Conclusions. We were able to observe the vibrations of soft tissue and the modeled airflow by applying the finite element methods. Future studies could focus on improving the soft tissues vibration compliances by adjusting the model parameters. Additionally, more attention should be paid to vibrational components below 20 Hz when performing an acoustic analysis of human snore sounds due to the presence of these frequencies in this model.

Retropalatal Cross-Sectional Area Is Predictive of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Syndromic Craniosynostosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory M. Resnick ◽  
Jason K. Middleton ◽  
Carly E. Calabrese ◽  
Karan Ganjawalla ◽  
Bonnie L. Padwa
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syndromic Craniosynostosis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Objective: There is a high rate of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis (SCS). Little is known about the airway anatomy in this population. The purpose of this study is to characterize the 3 dimensional (3D) upper airway in patients with SCS with and without OSA. Design: This is a retrospective study of patients with SCS treated at Boston Children’s Hospital from 2000 to 2015. Patients were divided into OSA and no-OSA groups based on polysomnography. Predictor variables included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and 3D upper airway measurements. The primary outcome variable was the presence or absence of OSA. Secondary outcome variables were apnea–hypopnea index and oxygen saturation nadir. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed, and significance was set as P < .05. Results: There were 24 patients: 16 in the OSA group and 8 in the no-OSA group. The 2 groups did not differ significantly by age, BMI, or syndromic diagnosis. The presence of OSA was associated with a smaller minimum retropalatal cross-sectional area (minRPCSA; P < .001). In a logistic regression model controlling for age, sex, and upper airway length, minRPCSA was the primary predictor of OSA ( P ≤ .002). Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined minRPCSA = 55.3 mm2 to be the optimal diagnostic threshold for OSA, with sensitivity = 100% and specificity = 87.5% ( P < .001). Conclusion: A minRPCSA ≤55.3 mm2 is predictive of the presence of OSA in patients with SCS.

Association between Flexible Nasal Endoscopy, Polysonography Findins and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severety

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Zappelini CEM ◽  
Jeremias LA ◽  
Borba IN ◽  
Machado LZ ◽  
Nicoladelli SJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a condition with recurrent collapses of the pharyngeal region that result in partial or total reduction in airflow. Its diagnosis and severity depends on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), data from the polysomnography exam (PSG). Its pathophysiology includes anatomical disorders of the upper airways that can be assessed through Flexible Nasofibroscopy (FN). Objective: To identify the alterations present in the tests of FN and PSG in patients with OSA and correlate with the AHI. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with data collected from reports of the FN and PSG exams of 81 patients with OSA, seen at an otorhinolaryngology clinic in Tubarão - SC. It was verified the association between the outcome –AHI- and other exposure variables - sociodemographic and clinical. Results: Among the 81 patients, 75.31% were male, 41.98% had mild apnea, 30.86% moderate and 27.16% severe apnea. There was no correlation between FN findings and AHI (p> 0.05). There was a difference between the mean age, number of obstructive episodes per hour of sleep and minimum saturation between the groups with severe and mild apnea (p <0.05). Patients with severe apnea had a higher percentage of sleep phase one and a shorter REM sleep time compared to the mild apnea group (p <0.05). A positive correlation was obtained between: obstructive episodes with sleep stage 1 (p <0.01) and age (p <0.05); between minimum saturation and sleep stage 3 (p <0.05). There was an inverse correlation between obstructive episodes with minimal saturation (p <0.001), with sleep stage 3 (p <0.01) and with REM sleep (p <0.01); between age and minimum saturation (p <0.01). Conclusion: OSA directly interferes with sleep architecture. The present study did not find association between upper airway alterations and OSA severity.

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