scholarly journals Relationship Between the Visual Evoked Potential and Structure in the Primary Visual Cortex in Healthy Individuals and in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Berz Slapø ◽  
Kjetil Jørgensen ◽  
Torbjørn Elvsåshagen ◽  
Stener Nerland ◽  
Daniel Roelfs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Function Relationship

Abstract Schizophrenia (SCZ) spectrum and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental disorders with unknown pathophysiology. Altered visual evoked potential (VEP), an electroencephalogram signal reflecting function in the primary visual cortex (V1), abnormal visual processing and visual hallucinations reported in these patients, all point towards V1 dysfunction. While the mechanisms contributing to V1 dysfunction remain unknown, structural alterations are possible candidates. Lack of insight into neural substrates of structure and functional in V1 has limited our ability to determine implications of altered V1 function. While combining VEP and magnetic resonance imaging has increased our understanding of the structure-function relationship in V1 in healthy individuals, no previous study has examined the same structure-function relationship in patients with SCZ spectrum and BD. Here, we aimed to confirm previous findings of a selective positive correlation between the amplitude of the P100 component of the VEP and V1 surface area (SA) in 307 healthy individuals and to examine whether this relationship was altered in patients with SCZ spectrum (n=30) and BD (n=45). The correlation between the P100 amplitude and the total, (r=0.16, p=0.006), right (r=0.14, p=0.013) and left V1 surface area (r=0.13, p=0.02) was significant in healthy individuals, but not in patients. The current results support previous findings of a selective relationship between P100 amplitude and V1 surface area in healthy individuals and suggests that other factors than V1 surface area or thickness explain V1 dysfunction reported in these patients.

The surface area of early visual cortex predicts the amplitude of the visual evoked potential

2014 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 1229-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørn Elvsåshagen ◽  
Torgeir Moberget ◽  
Erlend Bøen ◽  
Per K. Hol ◽  
Ulrik F. Malt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Evoked

scholarly journals Experience-dependent modulation of the visual evoked potential: Testing effect sizes, retention over time, and associations with age in 415 healthy individuals

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 117302
Author(s):  
Mathias Valstad ◽  
Torgeir Moberget ◽  
Daniël Roelfs ◽  
Nora B. Slapø ◽  
Clara M.F. Timpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Testing Effect ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Visual Evoked

scholarly journals The Effect of Onset Age of Visual Deprivation on Visual Cortex Surface Area Across-Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 4321-4333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian K Andelin ◽  
Jaime F Olavarria ◽  
Ione Fine ◽  
Erin N Taber ◽  
Daniel Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Reduced Surface

Abstract Blindness early in life induces permanent alterations in brain anatomy, including reduced surface area of primary visual cortex (V1). Bilateral enucleation early in development causes greater reductions in primary visual cortex surface area than at later times. However, the time at which cortical surface area expansion is no longer sensitive to enucleation is not clearly established, despite being an important milestone for cortical development. Using histological and MRI techniques, we investigated how reductions in the surface area of V1 depends on the timing of blindness onset in rats, ferrets and humans. To compare data across species, we translated ages of all species to a common neuro-developmental event-time (ET) scale. Consistently, blindness during early cortical expansion induced large (~40%) reductions in V1 surface area, in rats and ferrets, while blindness occurring later had diminishing effects. Longitudinal measurements on ferrets confirmed that early enucleation disrupted cortical expansion, rather than inducing enhanced pruning. We modeled the ET associated with the conclusion of the effect of blindness on surface area at maturity (ETc), relative to the normal conclusion of visual cortex surface area expansion, (ETdev). A final analysis combining our data with extant published data confirmed that ETc occurred well before ETdev.

scholarly journals Selection of Visual Objects in Perception and Working Memory One at a Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Thigpen ◽  
Nathan M. Petro ◽  
Jessica Oschwald ◽  
Klaus Oberauer ◽  
Andreas Keil
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
External World ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Selection Of

How does the content of visual working memory influence the way we process the visual environment? We addressed this question using the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), which provides a discernible measure of visuocortical activation to multiple stimuli simultaneously. Fifty-six adults were asked to remember a set of two oriented gratings. During the retention interval, two frequency-tagged oriented gratings were presented to probe the visuocortical processing of matching versus mismatching orientations relative to the memory set. Matching probes prompted an increased visuocortical response, whereas mismatching stimuli were suppressed. This suggests that the visual cortex prioritizes attentional selection of memory-relevant features at the expense of non-memory-relevant features. When two memory items were probed simultaneously, visuocortical amplification alternated between the two stimuli at a rate of 3 Hz to 4 Hz, consistent with the rate of attentional sampling of sensory events from the external world. These results suggest a serial, single-item attentional sampling of remembered features.

scholarly journals Cortical Double-Opponent Cells in Color Perception: Perceptual Scaling and Chromatic Visual Evoked Potentials

i-Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166951775271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Nunez ◽  
Robert M. Shapley ◽  
James Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Evoked

In the early visual cortex V1, there are currently only two known neural substrates for color perception: single-opponent and double-opponent cells. Our aim was to explore the relative contributions of these neurons to color perception. We measured the perceptual scaling of color saturation for equiluminant color checkerboard patterns (designed to stimulate double-opponent neurons preferentially) and uniformly colored squares (designed to stimulate only single-opponent neurons) at several cone contrasts. The spatially integrative responses of single-opponent neurons would produce the same response magnitude for checkerboards as for uniform squares of the same space-averaged cone contrast. However, perceived saturation of color checkerboards was higher than for the corresponding squares. The perceptual results therefore imply that double-opponent cells are involved in color perception of patterns. We also measured the chromatic visual evoked potential (cVEP) produced by the same stimuli; checkerboard cVEPs were much larger than those for corresponding squares, implying that double-opponent cells also contribute to the cVEP response. The total Fourier power of the cVEP grew sublinearly with cone contrast. However, the 6-Hz Fourier component’s power grew linearly with contrast-like saturation perception. This may also indicate that cortical coding of color depends on response dynamics.

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