Enteric Methane Emission Estimates for the Zimbabwean Sanga Cattle Breeds of Tuli and Mashona

Abstract The effectiveness of methane mitigation in ruminant livestock production systems depends on the accuracy of estimating methane emission factors and providing accurate emission inventories. Following the Paris Climate agreement, it is recommended that countries adopt the Tier-2 approach for estimating enteric methane emissions from ruminants instead of the Tier-1 approach currently used by most countries. This study sought to provide base line enteric methane emission estimates for the Tuli and Mashona Sanga cattle breeds in Zimbabwe using the IPCC Tier-2 model. Using animal characterization data collected from 412 cattle from Grasslands Research Institute and 406 cattle from Makoholi Research Institute, net energy requirements were estimated. From this and the estimate for digestibility, gross energy intake and dry matter intake were estimated. Gross energy intakes and the estimated methane conversion factor were used to estimate enteric methane emissions. Mean emission factors for Tuli were 45.1, 56, 28.5, 28.4, 20.6kg CH4/head/year for cows, bulls, heifers, steers and calves respectively. For Mashona, they were 47.8, 51.9, 29, 29.1 and 20.7kgCH4/head/year for cows, bulls, heifers, steers and calves respectively. Generally, estimated Tier-2 emission factors were significantly different from the IPCC Tier-1 default emission factors. This study concluded that enteric methane emission factors estimated using the IPCC Tier-2 model offer insights into the controversial use of the default IPCC Tier-1 emission factors.

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Estimates of enteric methane emissions from cattle in Canada using the IPCC Tier-2 methodology

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas06034 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 459-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K. H. Ominski ◽

D. A. Boadi ◽

K. M. Wittenberg ◽

D. L. Fulawka ◽

J. A. Basarab

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Production Environment ◽

Enteric Fermentation ◽

Tier 1 ◽

Enteric Methane

The objective of this study was to estimate enteric methane (CH4) emissions of the Canadian cattle population using the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier-2 methodology. Estimates were then compared with IPCC Tier-1 methodology and data from Canadian research studies (CRS). Animal inventory data for the Canadian beef and dairy cattle herd was obtained from Statistics Canada. Information on cattle performance and feeding practices were obtained from provincial cattle specialists via a survey, as well as various published reports. Methane emissions from dairy and beef cattle in Canada for 2001 were 173 030 t yr-1 or 3.6 Mt CO2 eq. and 763 852 t yr-1 or 16.0 Mt CO2 eq., respectively, using Tier-2 methodology. Emissions for dairy cattle ranged from 708 t yr-1 in Newfoundland to 62 184 t yr-1 in Ontario. Emissions for beef cattle ranged from 191 t yr-1 in Newfoundland to 356 345 t yr-1 in Alberta. The national emission factors (kg CH4 yr-1) using IPCC Tier-2 were 73, 126, 90, 94, 40, 75, 63 and 56 for dairy heifers, dairy cows, beef cows, bulls, calves < 1yr, beef heifer replacements, heifers > 1 yr, and steers > 1yr, respectively. Emission factors (kg CH4 yr-1) for the above classes of cattle using IPCC Tier-1 were 56, 118, 72, 75, 47, 56, 47 and 47, respectively. The values were 15.1% higher to 25.3% lower than those obtained using IPCC Tier-2 methodology. When IPCC Tier-2 emission factors were compared with CRS, they were 12.3% lower to 32.6% higher than those obtained using the Tier-2 methodology. In conclusion, national estimates of enteric emissions from the Canadian cattle industry using Tier-1 and Tier-2 methodologies, as well as CRS, differ depending on the methodology used. Tier-2 methodology does allow for the inclusion of information other than population data, including feeding strategies, as well as duration of time in a given production environment. Additional research is required to establish the extent to which feed energy is converted to methane for those production scenarios for which there is no published data. Key words: IPCC Tier-2, IPCC Tier-1, enteric fermentation, cattle, methane, emission factor, methane conversion rate

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Enteric methane emission by Lactating and Dry cows in rye grass-clover pasture in the high Andean zone of Peru

10.21203/rs.3.rs-510090/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Yasmín Salas-Riega ◽

Sandra Osorio ◽

Julyssa del Pilar Gamarra ◽

Victor Alvarado-Bolovich ◽

Cesar Osorio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽

Live Weight ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Tracer Gas ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

The Andes ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Enteric Methane Emissions

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the enteric methane emissions from lactating and dry cows fed on rotational grazing on ryegrass/clover with supplementation of oat and vetch forage in the Andes of Peru. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas methodology was used to determine enteric methane emission; the external marker Titanium dioxide (TiO2) to determine the production of feces and the protein in feces was used to estimate the digestibility of the feed. The enteric methane emissions of 5 lactating cows (LC) and 6 dry cows (DC) Brown Swiss breed were 358.5 and 337.4 g CH4/cow/day for LC and DC, respectively (P> 0.05). The conversion factor from gross energy to methane (Ym;%) was 9.7 for LC and 9.6 for DC. The enteric methane yield per kilogram of organic matter consumption was 32.5 g CH4/lactating cow /day and 32.2 g CH4/dry cow/day (p> 0.05) and the emission per kilogram of metabolic live weight for lactating cows was 3.1 g CH4/kg PV0.75 and for dry cows 2.9 g CH4/kg PV0.75 (P> 0.05). It was concluded that enteric methane emissions are similar for lactating cows and dry cows measured with the SF6 tracer gas technique.

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Estimation of enteric methane emissions trends (1990–2008) from Manitoba beef cattle using empirical and mechanistic models

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2010-009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 305-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Aklilu Alemu ◽

K. H. Ominski ◽

E. Kebreab

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Mechanistic Models ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Cattle Population ◽

Production Environment ◽

Feed Composition ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Empirical And Mechanistic Models ◽

Enteric Methane Emissions

Alemu, A. W., Ominski, K. H. and Kebreab, E. 2011. Estimation of enteric methane emissions trends (1990–2008) from Manitoba beef cattle using empirical and mechanistic models. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 305–321. The objective of this study was to estimate and assess trends in enteric methane (CH4) emissions from the Manitoba beef cattle population from the base year of 1990 to 2008 using mathematical models. Two empirical (statistical) models: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 and a nonlinear equation (Ellis), and two dynamic mechanistic models: MOLLY (v3) and COWPOLL were used. Beef cattle in Manitoba were categorized in to 29 distinct subcategories based on management practice, physiological status, gender, age and production environment. Data on animal performance, feeding and management practices and feed composition were collected from the literature as well as from provincial and national sources. Estimates of total enteric CH4 production from the Manitoba beef cattle population varied between 0.9 and 2.4 Mt CO2 eq. from 1990 to 2008. Regardless of the type of models used, average CH4 emissions for 2008 were estimated to be 45.2% higher than 1990 levels. More specifically, CH4 emissions tended to increase between 1990 and 1996. Emissions were relatively stable between 1996 and 2002, increased between 2003 and 2005, but declined by 13.2% between 2005 and 2008, following the same trend as that observed in the beef cattle population. Models varied in their estimates of CH4 conversion rate (Ym, percent gross energy intake), emission factor (kg CH4 head−1 yr−1) and CH4 production. Total CH4 production estimates ranged from 1.2 to 2.0 Mt CO2 eq. for IPCC Tier 2, from 0.9 to 1.5 Mt CO2 eq. for Ellis, from 1.3 to 2.1 Mt CO2 eq. for COWPOLL and from 1.5 to 2.4 Mt CO2 eq. for MOLLY. The results indicate that enteric CH4 estimates and emission trends in Manitoba were influenced by the type of model and beef cattle population. As such, it is necessary to use appropriate models for reliable estimates for enteric CH4 inventory. A more robust approach may be to integrate different models by using mechanistic models to estimate regional Ym values, which may then be used as input for the IPCC Tier 2 model.

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Using IPCC Tier 1 to analyze the trends and distribution patterns of enteric methane emissions from ruminant in China during 1990-2010

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.5846/stxb201312022868 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (21) ◽

Author(s):

王荣 WANG Rong ◽

邓近平 DENG Jinping ◽

王敏 WANG Min ◽

王玉诗 WANG Yushi ◽

张玉茹 YAN Zhicheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distribution Patterns ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Tier 1 ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Enteric Methane Emissions

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Enteric methane emissions, intake, and performance of young Nellore bulls fed different sources of forage in concentrate-rich diets containing crude glycerine

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15645 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 517 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. F. Ribeiro ◽

J. D. Messana ◽

A. José Neto ◽

J. F. Lage ◽

G. Fiorentini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Crude Glycerine ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Gross Energy ◽

And Performance ◽

Different Sources ◽

Enteric Methane Emissions

Forty young Nellore bulls were used to determine the effects of different sources of forage in concentrate-rich diets containing crude glycerine on feed intake, performance, and enteric methane emissions. Ten animals (397 ± 34 kg and 20 ± 2 months of age) were slaughtered to estimate the initial carcass weights, and the remaining 30 animals (417 ± 24.7) were randomly assigned to three treatments with 10 replicates. The treatments consisted of three different sources of forage [NDF from forage (fNDF) was fixed 15% of dry matter]; corn silage, sugarcane, and sugarcane bagasse; in diets rich in concentrates with 10% dry matter crude glycerine. There were no differences in the intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, gross energy, or metabolisable energy. No effects of the type of forage were observed on performance or enteric methane emissions. These results suggest that alternatives to corn silage that have high fibre content, such as sugarcane and sugarcane bagasse, do not significantly affect the intake, performance, or enteric methane emissions of young Nellore bulls.

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Analysis of Inputs Parameters Used to Estimate Enteric Methane Emission Factors Applying a Tier 2 Model: Case Study of Native Cattle in Senegal

10.5772/intechopen.99810 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Séga Ndao

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Methane Emission ◽

Input Parameter ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Future Research ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Input Parameters ◽

Native Cattle

In the context of the Paris Agreement, and considering the importance of methane emissions from cattle in West Africa, application of a Tier 2 method to estimate enteric methane emission factors is clearly pertinent. The current study has two purposes. Firstly, it aims to detect how much each input parameter contributes to the overall uncertainty of enteric methane emission factors for cattle. Secondly, it aims to identify which input parameters require additional research efforts for strengthening the evidence base, thus reducing the uncertainty of methane enteric emission factors. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis methodologies were applied to input parameters in the calculation of enteric methane emission factors for lactating cows and adult male Senegalese native cattle using the IPCC Tier 2 model. The results show that the IPCC default input parameters, such as the coefficient for calculating net energy for maintenance (Cfi), digestible energy (DE) and the methane conversion rate (Ym) are the first, second and third most important input parameters, respectively, in terms of their contribution to uncertainty of the enteric methane emission factor. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that future research in Senegal should prioritize the development of Ym, Cfi and DE in order to estimate enteric methane emission factors more accurately and to reduce the uncertainty of the national agricultural greenhouse gas inventory.

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How do animal performance and methane emissions vary with forage management intensification and supplementation?

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (9) ◽

pp. 1201 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. F. W. Koscheck ◽

E. P. Romanzini ◽

R. P. Barbero ◽

L. M. Delevatti ◽

A. C. Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Production System ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Beef Production ◽

Pasture Management ◽

Sward Height ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Enteric Methane Emissions

Context Yields from Brazilian beef-production systems do not always match the expected potential of a forage-based beef-production system. This efficiency is dependent on adjustments of grazing intensity and supplement utilisation to achieve higher bodyweight gain and lower methane emission. Therefore, more studies are necessary to evaluate the association between pasture management and supplement doses. Aims The aim of the present study was to determine nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, animal performance, carcass characteristics and enteric methane emissions of young Nellore bulls grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pastures. Methods One hundred and forty-eight yearling bulls (230 ± 17 kg) were randomly assigned to a grazing-by-supplementation strategy that was designed to allocate three different sward heights with differing levels of supplementation during the wet season. Treatment combinations were (1) low sward height with high supplementation (LH-HS, 15-cm sward height and supplementation at 0.6% of bodyweight (BW)); (2) low height with moderate supplementation (LH-MS, 15 cm and 0.3% BW); (3) moderate height with moderate supplementation (MH-MS, 25 cm and 0.3% BW); (4) moderate height with low supplementation (MH-LS, 25 cm and 0.1% BW); (5) high height with low supplementation (HH-LS, 35 cm and 0.1% BW); and (6) high height with no supplementation (HH-WS, 35 cm). Key results Bulls in the HH groups had a greater herbage intake than did those in the LH groups (P < 0.01). Bulls in the LH-HS treatment resulted in a greater (P < 0.01) carcass average daily gain than that obtained with LH-MS, MH-LS or HH-WS treatment. Higher stocking rate with the LH treatment resulted in greater gains per hectare in terms of both BW and carcass (P < 0.01). Carcass yield was greater for bulls maintained with the LH-HS treatment (54.3% BW). Higher enteric methane emissions were observed from bulls under the HH treatments (P < 0.01). Conclusions Comparing carcass gains per hectare and low methane emissions, the present study indicated that pasture management towards a low sward height combined with 0.3% or 0.6% BW supplementation can result in a greater nutrient utilisation efficiency of bulls. Implications Results provided information to obtain better gains per animals and area, also decreasing methane emission of beef cattle production system.

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Methane emission factors for enteric fermentation in beef cattle using IPCC Tier-2 method in Indonesia

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v21i2.1358 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yeni Widiawati ◽

M.N. Rofiq ◽

B. Tiesnamurti

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Methane Emission ◽

Energy Content ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Cattle Population ◽

Enteric Fermentation ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Country Specific

Methane emission from enteric is a sub-category considered under the Agriculture sector greenhouse gas emissions by UNFCCC, thus Indonesia developed calculation on enteric CH4 EF for ruminant using Tier-2 method as country-specific emission factors (EF). Indonesia has huge amount of beef cattle population, which contributes significant amount to national enteric methane emission. The aim of this study was to estimate enteric methane EF for beef cattle in Indonesia using IPCC Tier-2 method. The EF generated from this study is then used to estimate the methane emitted from beef cattle. Data on beef cattle population was obtained from BPS, data on energy content of feed, feed intake and digestibility were compiled from laboratory analysis and published paper. Equations were adopted and followed the instruction of IPCC 2006. Local cattle has different CH4 EF among each sub-category, which are ranging from 18.18 to 55.89 Kg head-1 yr-1, with the average of 36.75 head-1 yr-1. Imported beef cattle has lower CH4 EF (25.49 kg head-1 yr-1) than the average for local beef cattle. Overall, the national CH4 EF of beef cattle calculated by using IPCC Tier-2 method in Indonesia is 33.14 head-1 yr-1. The value is lower than default EF from IPCC for Asia country (47 kg head-1 yr-1). The conclusion is enteric CH4 EF for beef cattle in Indonesia calculated using Tier-2 method shows the real livestock system in Indonesia condition. Further research needed to be addressed are calculation of EFs for various breeds and feeding systems, since large variations of breeds and types of feed among provinces in Indonesia.

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