Adaptive Problem Solving and Decision Making in Complex and Changing Environments: The Role of Understanding and Explanation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hummel ◽  
Brian H. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Adaptive Problem

Truth Matters: Cognitive Integrity as an Intervention for Self-Deception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Isabel Gorlin ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adaptive Problem

To live well in the present, we take direction from the past. Yet, individuals may engage in a variety of behaviors that distort their past and current circumstances, reducing the likelihood of adaptive problem solving and decision making. In this article, we attend to self-deception as one such class of behaviors. Drawing upon research showing both the maladaptive consequences and self-perpetuating nature of self-deception, we propose that self-deception is an understudied risk and maintaining factor for psychopathology, and we introduce a “cognitive-integrity”-based approach that may hold promise for increasing the reach and effectiveness of our existing therapeutic interventions. Pending empirical validation of this theoretically-informed approach, we posit that patients may become more informed and autonomous agents in their own therapeutic growth by becoming more honest with themselves.

Diversity Training in Organizations

2014 ◽  
pp. 1151-1165
Author(s):  
David McGuire ◽  
Nicola Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Diversity Training ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Multicultural Teams ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Valuing Diversity

Diversity training is an area of growing interest within organizations. As organizations and society become more culturally diverse, there is a need to provide training across all hierarchical levels to make individuals more aware of and sensitized to elements of difference. Managing and valuing diversity is becoming increasingly important to delivering higher levels of performance and creativity, enhancing problem solving and decision-making, and gaining cultural insights into domestic and overseas markets. As facilitators of diversity training, line managers are increasingly tasked with the important role of equipping employees with the skills and competencies to work effectively in diverse multicultural teams. Consequently, this chapter looks at the mechanics of how diversity is discussed and delivered in organizations. It explores the necessity of diversity training in safeguarding and respecting individual identity and in fostering more welcoming inclusive workplaces.

scholarly journals Tolerance for Uncertainty and Patterns of Decision-Making in Complex Problem-Solving Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Vitalii Epishin ◽  
Nataliya Bogacheva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Decisional Conflict ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Decision Making Factors ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Risk Intelligence

Current studies of complex problem-solving do not commonly evaluate the regulatory role of such personality-based variables as tolerance for uncertainty, risk-readiness, and patterns for coping with decisional conflict. This research aims to establish the contribution of those traits into individual parameters of complex problem-solving strategies. The study was conducted on 53 healthy individuals 17 to 29 years old (M = 20.42; SD = 2.34). Our own computerized complex problem task “The Anthill” was developed for this research. We identified five measurable parameters of the participants’ problem-solving strategies: preferred orientational level (POL); orientational level variability (OLV); class quotas‘ range (R); mean and median quotas shift (MS and MeS); and abrupt changes of strategy (AC). Psychodiagnostic methods included: new questionnaire of tolerance/intolerance for uncertainty; personal decision-making factors questionnaire; Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire; Subjective Risk Intelligence Scale; Eysencks’ Impulsiveness Scale. The study showed the role of tolerance for uncertainty, risk-readiness, negative attitude toward uncertainty, and decision-making styles in the regulation of complex problem-solving strategies. Specifically, procrastination, tolerance for uncertainty, and risk-readiness were significant predictors of individual strategy indicators, such as POL, OLV, and MeS. Thus, personality traits were shown to regulate resource allocation strategies and the required level of orientation in a complex problem.

Diversity Training in Organizations

2012 ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McGuire ◽  
Nicola Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Diversity Training ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Multicultural Teams ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Valuing Diversity

Diversity training is an area of growing interest within organizations. As organizations and society become more culturally diverse, there is a need to provide training across all hierarchical levels to make individuals more aware of and sensitized to elements of difference. Managing and valuing diversity is becoming increasingly important to delivering higher levels of performance and creativity, enhancing problem solving and decision-making, and gaining cultural insights into domestic and overseas markets. As facilitators of diversity training, line managers are increasingly tasked with the important role of equipping employees with the skills and competencies to work effectively in diverse multicultural teams. Consequently, this chapter looks at the mechanics of how diversity is discussed and delivered in organizations. It explores the necessity of diversity training in safeguarding and respecting individual identity and in fostering more welcoming inclusive workplaces.

scholarly journals Processing Fluency and Decision-Making: The Role of Language Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Deckert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
General Level ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analytic Reasoning

Abstract This paper models conventionalisation of language structure as constitutive of processing fluency. I postulate that the difference in conventionalisation of linguistic forms used for communication significantly influences our reasoning about linguistically-expressed problems. Two studies are reported that tested this hypothesis with the use of variably conventionalised - fluent and disfluent - formulations of problem-solving tasks. Th e findings indicate that even in tasks requiring analytic reasoning, the degree to which the linguistic forms employed to communicate are conventionalised is correlated with the subjects’ performance success rate. On a more general level, this paper seeks to empirically address the nature of links between linguistic form and meaning construction.

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