Capturing the Stratosphere's Influence on Seasonal and Intraseasonal Predictability in a State-of-the-Art Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Eckermann
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Environmental Model ◽  
Global Environmental

scholarly journals The Navy Global Environmental Model

Oceanography ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Hogan ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
James Ridout ◽  
Melinda Peng ◽  
Timothy Whitcomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Model ◽  
Global Environmental

scholarly journals Environmental issues and international relations, a new global (dis)order - the role of International Relations in promoting a concerted international system

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Castro Pereira
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International System ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Subject

Is it possible to talk about the rise of a new global (dis)order founded on the challenges posed by environmental issues? Through the review of the state of the art on the subject, this article analyzes the growing importance of the environment, and natural resources in particular, in international relations; and aims to raise awareness among International Relations scholars to the potential positive impact of the development of the discipline in integration with global environmental change studies.

scholarly journals U.K. HiGEM: The New U.K. High-Resolution Global Environment Model—Model Description and Basic Evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1861-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Shaffrey ◽  
I. Stevens ◽  
W. A. Norton ◽  
M. J. Roberts ◽  
P. L. Vidale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Model ◽  
Instability Waves ◽  
Tropical Instability Waves ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Abstract This article describes the development and evaluation of the U.K.’s new High-Resolution Global Environmental Model (HiGEM), which is based on the latest climate configuration of the Met Office Unified Model, known as the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, version 1 (HadGEM1). In HiGEM, the horizontal resolution has been increased to 0.83° latitude × 1.25° longitude for the atmosphere, and 1/3° × 1/3° globally for the ocean. Multidecadal integrations of HiGEM, and the lower-resolution HadGEM, are used to explore the impact of resolution on the fidelity of climate simulations. Generally, SST errors are reduced in HiGEM. Cold SST errors associated with the path of the North Atlantic drift improve, and warm SST errors are reduced in upwelling stratocumulus regions where the simulation of low-level cloud is better at higher resolution. The ocean model in HiGEM allows ocean eddies to be partially resolved, which dramatically improves the representation of sea surface height variability. In the Southern Ocean, most of the heat transports in HiGEM is achieved by resolved eddy motions, which replaces the parameterized eddy heat transport in the lower-resolution model. HiGEM is also able to more realistically simulate small-scale features in the wind stress curl around islands and oceanic SST fronts, which may have implications for oceanic upwelling and ocean biology. Higher resolution in both the atmosphere and the ocean allows coupling to occur on small spatial scales. In particular, the small-scale interaction recently seen in satellite imagery between the atmosphere and tropical instability waves in the tropical Pacific Ocean is realistically captured in HiGEM. Tropical instability waves play a role in improving the simulation of the mean state of the tropical Pacific, which has important implications for climate variability. In particular, all aspects of the simulation of ENSO (spatial patterns, the time scales at which ENSO occurs, and global teleconnections) are much improved in HiGEM.

scholarly journals SoilGrids 2.0: producing soil information for the globe with quantified spatial uncertainty

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-240
Author(s):  
Laura Poggio ◽  
Luis M. de Sousa ◽  
Niels H. Batjes ◽  
Gerard B. M. Heuvelink ◽  
Bas Kempen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Version 2.0

Abstract. SoilGrids produces maps of soil properties for the entire globe at medium spatial resolution (250 m cell size) using state-of-the-art machine learning methods to generate the necessary models. It takes as inputs soil observations from about 240 000 locations worldwide and over 400 global environmental covariates describing vegetation, terrain morphology, climate, geology and hydrology. The aim of this work was the production of global maps of soil properties, with cross-validation, hyper-parameter selection and quantification of spatially explicit uncertainty, as implemented in the SoilGrids version 2.0 product incorporating state-of-the-art practices and adapting them for global digital soil mapping with legacy data. The paper presents the evaluation of the global predictions produced for soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen, coarse fragments, pH (water), cation exchange capacity, bulk density and texture fractions at six standard depths (up to 200 cm). The quantitative evaluation showed metrics in line with previous global, continental and large-region studies. The qualitative evaluation showed that coarse-scale patterns are well reproduced. The spatial uncertainty at global scale highlighted the need for more soil observations, especially in high-latitude regions.

Evolution of the upper tropospheric outflow in Hurricanes Iselle and Julio (2014) in the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) analyses and in satellite and dropsonde observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (22) ◽  
pp. 13,273-13,286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford S. Barrett ◽  
Elizabeth R. Sanabia ◽  
Sara C. Reynolds ◽  
Julie K. Stapleton ◽  
Anthony L. Borrego
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Model ◽  
Global Environmental

scholarly journals Impact of the modal aerosol scheme GLOMAP-mode on aerosol forcing in the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3027-3044 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bellouin ◽  
G. W. Mann ◽  
M. T. Woodhouse ◽  
C. Johnson ◽  
K. S. Carslaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Environmental Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Microphysics Scheme ◽  
Aerosol Forcing ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Hadley Centre

Abstract. The Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM) includes two aerosol schemes: the Coupled Large-scale Aerosol Simulator for Studies in Climate (CLASSIC), and the new Global Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP-mode). GLOMAP-mode is a modal aerosol microphysics scheme that simulates not only aerosol mass but also aerosol number, represents internally-mixed particles, and includes aerosol microphysical processes such as nucleation. In this study, both schemes provide hindcast simulations of natural and anthropogenic aerosol species for the period 2000–2006. HadGEM simulations of the aerosol optical depth using GLOMAP-mode compare better than CLASSIC against a data-assimilated aerosol re-analysis and aerosol ground-based observations. Because of differences in wet deposition rates, GLOMAP-mode sulphate aerosol residence time is two days longer than CLASSIC sulphate aerosols, whereas black carbon residence time is much shorter. As a result, CLASSIC underestimates aerosol optical depths in continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere and likely overestimates absorption in remote regions. Aerosol direct and first indirect radiative forcings are computed from simulations of aerosols with emissions for the year 1850 and 2000. In 1850, GLOMAP-mode predicts lower aerosol optical depths and higher cloud droplet number concentrations than CLASSIC. Consequently, simulated clouds are much less susceptible to natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes when the microphysical scheme is used. In particular, the response of cloud condensation nuclei to an increase in dimethyl sulphide emissions becomes a factor of four smaller. The combined effect of different 1850 baselines, residence times, and abilities to affect cloud droplet number, leads to substantial differences in the aerosol forcings simulated by the two schemes. GLOMAP-mode finds a present-day direct aerosol forcing of −0.49 W m−2 on a global average, 72% stronger than the corresponding forcing from CLASSIC. This difference is compensated by changes in first indirect aerosol forcing: the forcing of −1.17 W m−2 obtained with GLOMAP-mode is 20% weaker than with CLASSIC. Results suggest that mass-based schemes such as CLASSIC lack the necessary sophistication to provide realistic input to aerosol-cloud interaction schemes. Furthermore, the importance of the 1850 baseline highlights how model skill in predicting present-day aerosol does not guarantee reliable forcing estimates. Those findings suggest that the more complex representation of aerosol processes in microphysical schemes improves the fidelity of simulated aerosol forcings.

scholarly journals Implementation of a Stochastic Eddy-Diffusivity/Mass-Flux Parameterization into the Navy Global Environmental Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1374-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Sušelj ◽  
Timothy F. Hogan ◽  
João Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Shallow Convection ◽  
Environmental Model ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Flux Parameterization

Abstract A unified boundary layer and shallow convection parameterization based on a stochastic eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux (EDMF) approach is implemented and tested in the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM). The primary goals of this work are to improve the representation of convectively driven boundary layers and the coupling between the boundary layer and cumulus regions. Within the EDMF framework the subgrid vertical fluxes are calculated as a sum of an eddy-diffusivity part, which in the current implementation is based on the approach developed by Louis in the late 1970s, and a stochastic mass-flux parameterization. The mass-flux parameterization is a model for both dry and moist convective thermals. Dry thermals, which represent surface-forced coherent structures in a flow, provide countergradient mixing in the boundary layer and, if conditions permit, are the roots for moist thermals. Moist thermals represent shallow convective clouds. The new parameterization implemented in a single-column model (SCM) version of NAVGEM is shown to be able to realistically simulate a variety of dry and moist convective cases. The NAVGEM SCM results are validated against large-eddy-simulation results. The skill of NAVGEM as a global weather forecasting model is considerably improved with the new EDMF parameterization. The EDMF parameterization became part of the operational NAVGEM in November 2013.

scholarly journals Introduction: The Metabolism of Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9516
Author(s):  
Simron Jit. Singh ◽  
Marina Fischer-Kowalski ◽  
Marian Chertow
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Climate Action

This editorial introduces the Special Issue “Metabolism of Islands”. It makes a case why we should care about islands and their sustainability. Islands are hotspots of biocultural diversity, and home to 600 million people that depend on one-sixth of the earth’s total area, including the surrounding oceans, for their subsistence. Today, they are on the frontlines of climate change and face an existential crisis. Islands are, however, potential “hubs of innovation” and are uniquely positioned to be leaders in sustainability and climate action. We argue that a full-fledged program on “island industrial ecology” is urgently needed with the aim to offer policy-relevant insights and strategies to sustain small islands in an era of global environmental change. We introduce key industrial ecology concepts, and the state-of-the-art in applying them to islands. Nine contributions in this Special Issue are briefly reviewed to highlight the metabolic risks inherent in the island cases. The contributors explore how reconfiguring patterns of resource use will allow island governments to build resilience and adapt to the challenges of climate change.

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