scholarly journals SoilGrids 2.0: producing soil information for the globe with quantified spatial uncertainty

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-240
Author(s):  
Laura Poggio ◽  
Luis M. de Sousa ◽  
Niels H. Batjes ◽  
Gerard B. M. Heuvelink ◽  
Bas Kempen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Version 2.0

Abstract. SoilGrids produces maps of soil properties for the entire globe at medium spatial resolution (250 m cell size) using state-of-the-art machine learning methods to generate the necessary models. It takes as inputs soil observations from about 240 000 locations worldwide and over 400 global environmental covariates describing vegetation, terrain morphology, climate, geology and hydrology. The aim of this work was the production of global maps of soil properties, with cross-validation, hyper-parameter selection and quantification of spatially explicit uncertainty, as implemented in the SoilGrids version 2.0 product incorporating state-of-the-art practices and adapting them for global digital soil mapping with legacy data. The paper presents the evaluation of the global predictions produced for soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen, coarse fragments, pH (water), cation exchange capacity, bulk density and texture fractions at six standard depths (up to 200 cm). The quantitative evaluation showed metrics in line with previous global, continental and large-region studies. The qualitative evaluation showed that coarse-scale patterns are well reproduced. The spatial uncertainty at global scale highlighted the need for more soil observations, especially in high-latitude regions.

scholarly journals SoilGrids 2.0: producing quality-assessed soil information for the globe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. de Sousa ◽  
Laura Poggio ◽  
Niels H. Batjes ◽  
Gerard B. M. Heuvelink ◽  
Bas Kempen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Parameters Selection ◽  
Version 2.0

Abstract. SoilGrids produces maps of soil properties for the entire globe at medium spatial resolution (250 metres cell size) using state-of-the-art machine learning methods to generate the necessary models. It takes as inputs soil observations from about 240 000 locations worldwide and over 400 global environmental covariates describing vegetation, terrain morphology, climate, geology and hydrology. The aim of this work was the production of quality-assessed global maps of soil properties, with cross-validation, hyper-parameters selection and quantification of spatially explicit uncertainty, as implemented in the SoilGrids version 2.0 product incorporating state of the art practices and adapting them for global digital soil mapping with legacy data. The paper presents the evaluation of the global predictions produced for soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen, coarse fragments, pH(water), cation exchange capacity, bulk density and texture fractions at six standard depths (up to 200 cm). The quantitative evaluation showed metrics in line with previous global, continental and large regions studies. The qualitative evaluation showed that coarse scale patterns are well reproduced. The spatial uncertainty at global scale highlighted the need for more soil observations, especially in high latitude regions.

scholarly journals Effects of De-inking Sludge on soil Properties and Corn Growth

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 894C-894
Author(s):  
Mohamed Badrane Erhioui ◽  
A. Karam ◽  
S. Yelle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

The large amount of organic carbon content present in de-inking residues makes them attractive for use in agricultural soils as an organic soil amendment. Greenhouse bioessays were undertaken to evaluate the agronomic value of de-inking sludge (DS). It was incorporated in a sandy soil to study the effects of different rates of de-inking residue amendments and N fertilizer combinations on soil properties and growth of corn. Particular attention was given to trace element concentrations. In a split factorial design, three variables were investigated: harvest time (after 20, 40, and 60 days), application rates of DS (0, 35, 70, and 105 t·ha–1), and four N rates (0, 140, 280, and 420 kg·ha–1). Chemical analyses of the fresh residues did not indicate the presence of heavy metals at levels potentially toxic to the environment. Soil chemical properties were clearly improved following the incorporation of DS. For example, adding different amounts of DS had a significant impact on the pH, the cation exchange capacity, and soil moisture. In addition, salinity was not affected with DS application. Seed germination was high in all the treatments and was not significantly influenced by DS application. Moreover, results on vegetative growth indicated a good relationship between the C:N ratio and biomass production. The DS combined with supplemental fertilizer seems to have a positive effect on plant growth. Overall, these results suggest that the limiting factor in de-inking paper sludge valorization is the amount of N available to the plant. Also, no other toxic products were found that could be harmful to the environment.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilisation Using Organic Waste Products with Mineral Complementation on Sugarcane Yields and Soil Properties in a 4 Year Field Experiment

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Frédéric Feder
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sugarcane Vinasse

Sugarcane cultivation is suitable for the exploitation of organic waste products. However, minimum complementary mineral input is necessary for optimal fertilisation. Control mineral fertilisation treatments with mulch (MCM) or without mulch (MC) were compared with two organic waste treatments, a pig slurry with mulch (PSM) and without mulch (PS), and a sugarcane vinasse with mulch (SVM) and without mulch (SV) on a Nitisol in French Reunion Island. The sugarcane yields obtained with the different treatments differed each year. However, no trend was observed and no significant and recurrent effect of the presence of mulch or of the different treatments was identified over the course of the 4 year experiment. Soil pHw and pH KCl measured in the different treatments increased from year 3 in with the treatments including organic waste products (PS, PSM, SV and SVM) but remained constant with the treatments including only mineral fertilisation (MC and MCM). With the exception of PS and PSM, which were significantly higher in year 4, soil organic carbon content was not modified by the treatments. Soil cation exchange capacity increased only slightly with the PS and PSM treatments from year 3 on. The differences in yields and soil properties can be explained by the nature of the organic waste products, the accumulation of nutrients after several applications, and the specific characteristics of the sugarcane crop. The improvement in soil properties from the third year on was not reflected in the yield of sugarcane because it was too weak, and the crop explores a much larger volume of soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Manure Sources on Soil Chemical Properties, Performance and Yield of Maize on a Degraded Land

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
O. A. Denton ◽  
I. O. Fademi ◽  
K. S. Are ◽  
A. O. Ojo ◽  
O. D. Adeoyolanu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Positive Effects

Application of manure for soil amendment plays important roles in reclaiming and improving soil properties of degraded soils. This study assessed the effects of composted and non-composted manures on a degraded soil under continuous maize production. The treatments applied consisted of composted manures in form of cassava based compost (CBM) and verticompost (VC) at the rate of 0, 30, 60 and 120 tons/ha, non-composted manure (NC) applied as poultry manure (PM), and an un-amended control plot. These treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Soil physical and chemical properties were determined for two consecutive seasons, with maize (SUWAN 1-SYR) planted as test crop. The CBM, VC and PM treatments increased the soil organic carbon content by 18.2, 24.1, and 22.3 % respectively. Corresponding increases observed in cation exchange capacity (CEC) were 13.6, 15.7, and 15.2 %. The comparison of the soil chemical properties measured indicated positive effects from the amendments on the soil properties in the order: CBM < PM < VC.  The maize grain yield of cassava based fertilized plot consistently and significantly was higher than the other treatments in both cropping seasons. However, both the composted and non-composted manures favored improved maize growth and resulted in higher grain yields (4.62 – 6.03 t ha-1) than the un-amended control treatment (3.69 t ha-1). The study therefore showed that the incorporation of manures, whether composted or non-composted, is beneficial to soils, improving one or more essential soil attributes thus reducing soil degradation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the spatial variability of soil chemical properties along a transect using multifractal analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Jorge Dafonte Dafonte ◽  
Montserrat Valcárcel Armesto ◽  
Rosane Da Silva Dias ◽  
Eva Vidal Vázquez ◽  
Antonio Paz González
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Extractable P

The spatial variability of soil properties can be assessed through concepts of scale invariance, fractals and multifractals. The aim of this study was to characterize the scaling patterns and structural heterogeneity properties of general soil chemical properties along a short (i.e. 52 m large) transect. Field measurements were carried out at the experimental farm of CIAM located in Mabegondo, A Coruña, Spain. The studied transect was marked following land slope, and 66 soil samples were collected at the 0-20 cm depth every 0.8 m. The soil properties analyzed were: pH (H2O ), organic carbon content, exchangeable Ca, Mg and K, exchangeable acidity (H + Al), exchangeable bases (SB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), percent base saturation (V) and extractable P. The soil properties studied showed various degrees of multifractality. The spatial distribution of pH was characterized by quasi-monofractal behaviour; CEC, (H+Al) and OM, presented a relatively low degree of multifractality, and the other soil properties studied showed stronger degrees of multifractality, being the highest one for Olsen extractable P. In general, the scaling features of the properties studied implied a multifractal nature, where the low and high density regions scaled differently.

scholarly journals A Comparison, Validation, and Evaluation of the S-world Global Soil Property Database

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Jetse J. Stoorvogel ◽  
Vera L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Methodological Evaluation

Despite the increased usage of global soil property maps, a proper review of the maps rarely takes place. This study aims to explore the options for such a review with an application for the S-World global soil property database. Global soil organic carbon (SOC) and clay content maps from S-World were studied at two spatial resolutions in three steps. First, a comparative analysis with an ensemble of seven datasets derived from five other global soil databases was done. Second, a validation of S-World was done with independent soil observations from the WoSIS soil profile database. Third, a methodological evaluation of S-world took place by looking at the variation of soil properties per soil type and short distance variability. In the comparative analysis, S-World and the ensemble of other maps show similar spatial patterns. However, the ensemble locally shows large discrepancies (e.g., in boreal regions where typically SOC contents are high and the sampling density is low). Overall, the results show that S-World is not deviating strongly from the model ensemble (91% of the area falls within a 1.5% SOC range in the topsoil). The validation with the WoSIS database showed that S-World was able to capture a large part of the variation (with, e.g., a root mean square difference of 1.7% for SOC in the topsoil and a mean difference of 1.2%). Finally, the methodological evaluation revealed that estimates of the ranges of soil properties for the different soil types can be improved by using the larger WoSIS database. It is concluded that the review through the comparison, validation, and evaluation provides a good overview of the strengths and the weaknesses of S-World. The three approaches to review the database each provide specific insights regarding the quality of the database. Specific evaluation criteria for an application will determine whether S-World is a suitable soil database for use in global environmental studies.

scholarly journals Environmental issues and international relations, a new global (dis)order - the role of International Relations in promoting a concerted international system

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Castro Pereira
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International System ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Subject

Is it possible to talk about the rise of a new global (dis)order founded on the challenges posed by environmental issues? Through the review of the state of the art on the subject, this article analyzes the growing importance of the environment, and natural resources in particular, in international relations; and aims to raise awareness among International Relations scholars to the potential positive impact of the development of the discipline in integration with global environmental change studies.

The Convention on Biological Diversity: From Realism to Cosmopolitanism

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 335-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Maris
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Global Environmental

The decline of biodiversity is without a doubt one of the most important symptoms of what could be called a “global environmental crisis.” Our ability to stop this decline depends on the capacity to implement an effective, collective system of preservation on a global scale. In this paper, I will analyze the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the international agreement that aims at creating this type of global cooperation.While I consider that cosmopolitan governance is desirable, given the legitimacy of the preservation of global biological diversity, I will not attempt to directly argue for it here. Still, it is worth mentioning some of the reasons that might lead us to adopt this position. First, certain past conservation measures have been harshly criticized as imperialistic. For example, Project Tiger in India, which Western environmentalists often cited as a success, have had a deleterious effect on local populations.

scholarly journals Improvement of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Soil Properties by Growing Different Green Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashim Kumar Saha ◽  
Apu Biswas ◽  
Abdul Qayyum Khan ◽  
Md. Mohashin Farazi ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Long-term tea cultivation has led to degradation of the soil. Old tea soils require rehabilitation for restoring soil health. Soil rehabilitation by growing different green crops can break the chain of monoculture of tea. An experiment was conducted at The Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) Farm during 2008-2011 to find out the efficiency of different green crops on the improvement of soil properties. Four green crops such as Guatemala, Citronella, Mimosa and Calopogonium were grown to develop the nutritional value of the degraded tea soil. Soil samples were collected and analyzed before and at the end of experiment. Soil pH was increased in all four green crops treated plots with the highest increase in Citronella treated plots (from 4.1 to 4.5). Highest content of organic carbon (1.19%) and total nitrogen (0.119%) were found in Mimosa and Calopogonium treated plots, respectively. Concentration of available phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in all green crops treated plots were above the critical values, while available potassium content was above the critical value in Guatemala, Citronella and Mimosa treated plots. Changes in soil pH and available potassium were significant, while changes in organic carbon content, total nitrogen and available calcium were insignificant. Changes in available phosphorus and magnesium were significant. The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 34-38

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