scholarly journals Long and short adjunct fronting in HPSG

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Linear Order ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Constituent Structure ◽  
Rigid Link

The purpose of this paper is to consider the proper treatment of short- and long-fronted adjuncts within HPSG. In the earlier HPSG analyses, a rigid link between linear order and constituent structure determines the linear position of such adjuncts in the sentence-initial position. This paper will argue that there is a body of data which suggests that adjunct fronting does not work as these approaches predict. I will then show that linearisation-based HPSG can provide a fairly straightforward account of the facts.

scholarly journals Coreference preferences for personal pronouns in German

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerlof Bouma ◽  
Holger Hopp
Keyword(s):  
Linear Order ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Pronoun Resolution

This paper presents psycholinguistic evidence on the factors governing the resolution of German personal pronouns. To determine the relative influence of linear order versus grammatical function of potential antecedents, two interpretation-preference tasks were designed. Their specific aim was to disentangle salience factors conflated in previous research on pronoun interpretation, such as linear or-der, first mention and topicalization. Experiment 1 tested pronoun resolution to non-sentence-initial position (scrambling) and Experiment 2 tested pronoun resolution to sentence-initial position (topicalization). The results across different verb types and across different syntactic contexts in Experiments 1 and 2 show that grammatical function, yet neither linear order, first mention nor topicalization predicts pronoun resolution in German.  

Constituent structure

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-116
Author(s):  
Mary Dalrymple ◽  
John J. Lowe ◽  
Louise Mycock
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Linear Order ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Structure Representation ◽  
Constituent Structure ◽  
Syntactic Representation ◽  
Grammatical Functions

This chapter examines the organization of overt phrasal syntactic representation, the constituent structure or c-structure. Section 3.1 discusses some traditional arguments for constituent structure representation. Many of these arguments prove to be flawed, since the theory of phrase structure has a different status in LFG than in theories in which grammatical functions are defined configurationally and abstract syntactic (and other) relations are represented in phrase structure terms. Valid criteria within LFG for phrase structure determination are proposed in Section 3.2. The inventory of constituent structure categories, both lexical and functional, that are crosslinguistically available and the theory of the organization of words and categories into phrases are explored in Section 3.3. The general theory of constituent structure organization is exemplified in Section 3.4, where we provide more specific discussion of the constituent structure organization of clauses. Section 3.5 discusses the relation between hierarchical constituent structure and surface linear order.

scholarly journals Chinese Sentence-Initial Indefinites: What Corpora Reveal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Morbiato
Keyword(s):  
Linear Order ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Proper Noun ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Statistical Relevance ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Qualitative Analyses ◽  
Subsequent Literature

The sentence-initial position in Chinese* is generally associated with givenness and definiteness (Li and Thompson 1976, 1981 and subsequent literature). However, observations have been raised against this association, e.g., with informationally new sentence-initial referents (Paul, 2015) or even indefinite ones (Bisang, 2016; B. Lu, Zhang, & Bisang, 2015). Furthermore, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings, including Fan (1985) and subsequent studies on so-called ‘indefinite subject sentences’ (无定主语句). However, little is known of the statistical relevance of the phenomenon of sentence-initial indefinites (SIIs), as well as its interaction with features connected to linear order (e.g., animacy). Crucially, corpus-based studies on the topic remain the minority and are usually conducted on relatively small, genre-specific corpora. This paper adopts corpus methodologies and tools to investigate the phenomenon of SIIs, with a particular focus on determining (i) the statistical relevance of SIIs of the type of ‘一CLF N’ in big-size corpora, and (ii) whether there is an interaction with the semantic feature of animacy. To this end, it proposes the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses conducted on three major big-size, generalised corpora, namely the PKU CCL corpus (Peking University, 470 million characters), the BCC corpus (Beijing Language and Culture University, 15 billion characters), and the ZHTenTen (Stanford Tagger) corpus mounted at Sketch Engine (13,5 billion characters). The analysis highlights that SIIs are not only possible, but also statistically relevant. Furthermore, it shows that the semantic trait of animacy plays an important role, as animate indefinites are significantly more likely to occur sentence-initially. Finally, it singles out and discusses a new pattern featuring a proper noun introduced by ‘一CLF’.

scholarly journals Constituency, word order and focus projection

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Linear Order ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Good Basis ◽  
Contrastive Focus ◽  
Focus Projection

In this study we show that constituency is of limited importance for a proper treatment of the interaction between the linear position of a wa-marked nominal in a Japanese sentence and possible domains of contrastive focus, and that constraints concerning contrastive focus should be represented in terms of linear order and not constituency. Linearisation HPSG, where linear order is independent from constituency, provides a good basis for an analysis. Some constraints are provided in terms of order domains, and it is shown that these constraints can deal with the phenomena in question, and that the cases problematic for the constituency-based analyses can also be accounted for by our analysis.

Positional factors in syllabification

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Diana Passino
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Constituent Structure ◽  
Internal Position ◽  
Governing Relation ◽  
Liquid Clusters ◽  
Uniformity Principle

AbstractFrom the perspective of standard generative phonological theory, syllable structure is not recorded in the lexicon but it is obtained by means of a syllabification algorithm based on a series of principles. In a given language, the algorithm should parse obstruent+liquid clusters as tautosyllabic both in word-initial and word-internal positions. The tautosyllabic parse as a branching onset complies with all principles on which the syllable-building algorithm is based. In standard theory, if branching onsets of obstruent+liquid are allowed in a language and documented in word-initial position, tautosyllabic parse is predicted to hold also word-internally. Likewise, Kaye’s (1992) Uniformity Principle makes the same prediction, since it states that sequences of contiguous positions that are in a governing relation and contain the same phonological material have the same constituent structure. The present paper draws attention to empirical data showing obstruent+liquid clusters being parsed tautosyllabically in word-initial position and heterosyllabically in word-internal position in the same language. An account is proposed to explain the data discussed, claiming that positional factors may also be relevant in determining syllabification.

scholarly journals Directional serial verb constructions in Thai

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttanart Muansuwan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Order ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Phrase Structure Grammar ◽  
Constituent Structure ◽  
Serial Verb Constructions ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Serial Verb ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Vp Structure

Directional Serial Verb Constructions (Directional SVCs), which are a subset of Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) in Thai and involve motion-related verbs, are studied in this paper. According to two syntactic tests, two phrase structural schemata are involved in Thai Directional SVCs, including a recursive VP-over-VP structure and a complementation structure. Thai Directional SVCs also exhibit a dissociation between constituent structure and linear order. With this distinctive syntactic structure, Thai Directional SVCs are not reduceable to previously described SVCs. Nevertheless, within Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, the rich featural specifications of heads and the mechanisms available for the percolation of specific head properties in a default interpretation of the Head Feature Principle allow for a straightforward model of Thai Directional SVCs.

ANALYSIS OF PLANT FRAGARIA XANANASSA DISEASE DIAGNOSES USING PRODUCTION RULES BASE ON EXPERT SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Basiroh Basiroh ◽  
Wiji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
General Public ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Production Rules

Errors that occur in solving problems in strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa) such as the presence of leaf patches, fruit rot, perforated leaves, and insect pests can be the cause of not maximum in harvest time. The farmers and the general public who planted strawberry (Fragaria Xananassa) need to know the proper treatment of diseases and pests so that future yields as expected. Therefore, it takes an application as a solution in the delivery of information related to the problems that are often encountered in strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa). Methods of production rules can be used to diagnose the disease strawberry (Fragaria Xananassa) based on signs or symptoms that occur in the parts of plants and strawberry, the results of diagnosis using this method are the same as we do Consultation on experts.  The purpose of this study was to determine the early diagnosis of disease in strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa) based on signs or symptoms that occur in the plant and fruit parts. The results of the analysis of this study showed that the validation of disease and symptom data in strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa) reached 99%, meaning that between the data of symptoms and disease understudy the accuracy was guaranteed with the experts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document