Constitutionalizing Necessity Through Suspension

This chapter explores how the American Constitution embeds authority to suspend the writ of habeas corpus in extraordinary times, which allows executive officials to detain individuals without judicial oversight during emergencies. It analyzes the provision that functions as a temporary “emergency constitution” but does not license anything like a complete suspension of the constitutional order. It also looks at how the Suspension Clause works and what it does not authorize, which sheds light on how to incorporate and overcome necessity through ex ante constitutional means. The chapter mentions Chief Justice Marshall that explained in McCulloch how necessity has an ordinary governing relation to normative constraint. It also highlights necessity as a normal part of governing decision–making and subject to review in proportion to how much it invades protected constitutional rights and liberties.

Positional factors in syllabification

From the perspective of standard generative phonological theory, syllable structure is not recorded in the lexicon but it is obtained by means of a syllabification algorithm based on a series of principles. In a given language, the algorithm should parse obstruent+liquid clusters as tautosyllabic both in word-initial and word-internal positions. The tautosyllabic parse as a branching onset complies with all principles on which the syllable-building algorithm is based. In standard theory, if branching onsets of obstruent+liquid are allowed in a language and documented in word-initial position, tautosyllabic parse is predicted to hold also word-internally. Likewise, Kaye’s (1992) Uniformity Principle makes the same prediction, since it states that sequences of contiguous positions that are in a governing relation and contain the same phonological material have the same constituent structure. The present paper draws attention to empirical data showing obstruent+liquid clusters being parsed tautosyllabically in word-initial position and heterosyllabically in word-internal position in the same language. An account is proposed to explain the data discussed, claiming that positional factors may also be relevant in determining syllabification.

Small Bubble Motion in an Accelerating Liquid

Low Reynolds number bubble motion in accelerating liquids is analyzed. Because of motion of the bubble surface, the flow about a bubble differs from the flow surrounding a rigid particle. A governing relation, equivalent to the Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen equation for rigid particle motion, is developed. Response characteristics of the bubble are presented. Bubble behavior is found to differ significantly from rigid particle behavior.

A method of elastic-plastic plane stress and strain analysis

Plane boundary value problems are formulated in terms of an elastic-plastic stress function and the plastic strains. The governing relation is a non-homogeneous biharmonic equation. It is applicable to the total or deformation theories and to the incremental theories. Sample problems illustrate the practicality of the method.