Introduction

Modular design of grammar: Linguistics on the edge presents the cutting edge of research on linguistic modules and interfaces in Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). LFG has a highly modular design that models the linguistic system as a set of discreet submodules that include, among others, constituent structure, functional structure, argument structure, semantic structure, and prosodic structure, with each module having its coherent properties and being related to each other by correspondence functions. The contributions in this volume represent the broad range and interconnection of theoretical, formal, and descriptive considerations that continues to be the hallmark of LFG.

An LFG analysis of AANN constructions

This chapter examines the construction exemplified in the title, consisting of the singular determiner a followed by an adjective, a numeral, and a plural noun (abbreviated as AANN). Building on work by Dalrymple and King (2019), Hristov captures the syntactic structure and functional properties of this construction by assuming a standard NP analysis at constituent-structure, coupled with concord and index agreement within the NP at functional-structure. It is proposed that the numeral, which acts as a modifier, agrees with the plural concord of the head noun, while the determiner proper (the article) is exceptionally allowed to agree with the N′ string staggering ten dissertations in terms of index (singular when a single-unit reading is available). Thus, without altering the formal apparatus of LFG, this proposal has the advantage of explaining a number of previously unexplained contrasts and of being able to cover a wide range of related constructions.

Die Übersetzung deutscher Okkasionalismen ins rumȁnische. Beispiele aus Michael Endes Mȁrchenroman Momo

"The Translation of German Occasionalisms into Romanian. Examples from Michael Ende’s Fairytale Novel Momo. Word formations represent a central and fundamental procedure for the formation of new lexical units and new designations. They are not only units of denotation, but at the same time text-constituting and text-structuring means, and also have an important role as stylistic means in various types of texts. The formation of occasionalisms is a productive process that follows certain patterns. Occasionalisms in the fairy tale novel Momo by Michael Ende are analyzed and compared to their Romanian equivalents, focusing on their constituent structure and lexicalization potential. Keywords: word formation, composition, translation, transfer, adaptation, paraphrase "

Elliptical Sentence In Open File A Cliff Hardy Novel by Peter Corris

Ellipsis is a branch of syntax that study about elimination word to avoid repetition word in the sentence. This study concern to find out the types of elliptical sentence and analyze the constituent structure of sentence in the novel by Peter Corris in title Open File A Cliff Hardy. This study applied the theory proposed by Quirk and Greenbaum (1973) to find out the types of elliptical sentence and the theory from Brown and Miller (1991) to analyze the constituent structure of sentence. The data were collected by documentation method and analyzed descriptively by qualitative method. The finding shows that there are five types of elliptical sentence which the most dominant is ellipsis of subject (and auxiliary)

Metatony, S-constituent linkage, and cognate objects

We examine metatony and its grammatical conditioning in an under described Edoid language of West Africa. In Emai, metatony on verbs is signaled by perfective suffix -í with underlying high tone. With a following adjunct, tone on this suffix is high and retained. When clause final, -í is retained but with low tone. When followed by a verb argument, the -í suffix is prohibited. Verbs with a following S-constituent exhibit metatonic asymmetry. Class one verbs prohibit suffix -í, treating S-constituents as verb arguments. Class two verbs require high tone -í, as if their S-constituent were an adjunct. When these same class two verbs occur with an immediately following cognate object nominal, they prohibit suffix -í. We interpret this asymmetric behavior of class two verbs in terms of boundary permeability (Berg 2014). We posit that class two forms are transitive and that their S-constituent derives historically from a complex Noun S-constituent structure that has become truncated and assumed a simple S-constituent form, having lost its erstwhile “cognate object noun.” It is thus the strict boundary for transitivity imposed by perfective suffix -í that signals a weakened status of S-constituents with class two verbs.

The scenarios for consolidation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on the economic macro-regions

The subject of this research is the matters of reforming the federal structure of Russia in the aspect of unification and consolidation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are under discussion in the current political discourse. The object this research is the transformation of the constituent structure of the Russian Federation based on the strategy of spatial development of Russia, federal legislative acts that laid the groundwork for the unification process, primarily the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Procedure of Admission into the Russian Federation and Creation of a New Constituent Entity". The authors explore such aspects of the topic as the results of unification processes of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of 2003-2008, gaps in their legislative regulation, political errors and risks, including of ethnic nature, which impeded planned consolidation of the constituent structure of the Russian Federation, as well as strategy for the future unification processes. The novelty of the author's position is that the unification processes scenarios of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are founded on the declared by the government “Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025”. The research methodology employs comprehensive interdisciplinary political, economic and legal approach. The drawn conclusions are related to the description of these scenarios, determination of the constitutional legal status of the new consolidated entity formed at the premises on an economic macroregion, considering such significant characteristics of the macroregion, as the number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation therein, size of their territories, population density, and peculiarities of the ethnic composition. It is proposed to fill the gaps in determination of the status of a constituent entity that ceased to exist as such and became a part of the consolidated entity by introducing amendments to the federal constitutional and current legislation without changing the fundamentals of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Syntactic Analysis of Surah Qaf English Translation by Muhammad Taqiudin Al Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan

The present research is an analytical study referring to the Quranic English translation. It specifically aims at analyzing the constituent structure of sentence types in Surah Qaf English translation by Muhammad Taqiudin Al Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan. More particularly, this research sets out to identify the sentence types found in the translation and analyze them at the syntactic level. The data for this research are taken from al-quran.info.com, the trusted site for Qur’an online translation and commentary. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Based on the analysis, the findings indicate that four sentence types (declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative) appear in the Surah Qaf English translation with different number of occurrences. This research is also conducted to find out the constituent structure of each sentence type. The results also show that each sentence type has a distinctive pattern of constituent and grammatical structure. Keywords: syntactic analysis, sentence types, quranic translation Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi analitik yang merujuk pada terjemahan Al Quran dalam Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur konstituen tipe-tipe kalimat yang ada pada terjemahan Surah Qaf dalam Bahasa Inggris oleh Muhammad Taqiudin Al Hilali dan Muhammad Muhsin Khan. Singkatnya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis secara sintaksis tipe-tipe kalimat yang ditemukan di hasil terjemahan tersebut. Data penelitian ini diambil dari al-quran.info.com, sebuah situs terpercaya khusus terjemahan dan tafsir online Al Quran. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat empat tipe kalimat dengan frekuensi yang berbeda-beda yang ditemukan dalam hasil terjemahan Surah Qaf, antara lain deklaratif, imperatif, seruan, dan interogatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiap tipe kalimat memiliki tipe konstituen dan struktur tata bahasa tersendiri. Kata kunci: Analisis sintaksis, tipe kalimat, terjemahan Alquran

Shared syntactic representations in bilinguals

The current study explores the nature of constituent-structure-independent structural priming across the two languages of bilinguals. Specifically, this study tests whether such cross-linguistic priming involves the priming of functional-level syntactic representations shared between the languages, which can be distinguished from the priming of mainly non-syntactic information (e.g., information structure, thematic-role order). Critical prime sentences consisted of Cantonese actives in the Object-Subject-Verb (OSV) order and passives where the patient was grammatically topicalized with the same topic particle. Target responses were produced in English actives or passives. The results show that robust priming from Cantonese Topic-Passives to English passives occurred, but no cross-linguistic priming was observed for Cantonese Topic-OSV active primes. The Topic-OSV active and Topic-Passive constructions share information structure, and are formed in different constituent structures from English actives and passives. Therefore, the robust cross-linguistic passive priming by Topic-Passive primes should in large part be ascribed to functional-level syntactic representations of passive constructions shared by Cantonese and English.

Conjunction and additive constructions in the language of the Gavião of Rondônia

As a contribution to the study of complex structures in native Amazonian languages, this article examines the syntax of additives and conjunctions in the language of the Gavião of Rondônia. In this language the particle k ĩ ´í ‘also, too, and’ is used to form additive (‘also’) constructions with noun phrases and verb phrases, without creating conjoined syntactic constituents. The same particle is also used to form constructions with conjoined constituents, in which two or more verb phrases or two or more noun phrases are conjoined. The different functions of the particle have different and somewhat complicated syntactic structures. A brief description of basic Gavião syntax is provided, to have a basis for understanding the structure of the additives and conjunctions. Examples are given to describe the patterns observed and to provide tests to determine the constituent structure of the conjoined constructions. Composition rules for conjoined and additive constructions are offered when there is sufficient evidence. The semantic difference between participles and conjunctions is noted. Typological properties of Gavião additives and conjunction are discussed. Conjunction is of the postpositive bisyndetic type. Disjunction, ‘or’, which also appears in the language, is briefly described.