scholarly journals Towards an explanation of copula effects

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Gerhard Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Generalized Quantifier ◽  
Property Type ◽  
Presupposition Accommodation

This paper deals with a series of semantic contrasts between the copula "be" and the preposition "as", two functional elements that both head elementary predication structures. It will be argued that the meaning of "as" is a type lowering device shifting the meaning of its complement NP from generalized quantifier type to property type (where properties are conceived as relations between individuals and situations), while the copula "be" induces a type coercion from (partial) situations to (total) possible worlds. Paired with van der Sandt's 1992 theory of presupposition accommodation, these assumptions will account for the observed contrasts between "as" and "be".

A syntactically-driven approach to indefiniteness, specificity and anti-specificity in Romance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
M. TERESA ESPINAL ◽  
SONIA CYRINO
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Epistemic State ◽  
Bare Mass ◽  
Bare Plurals ◽  
Generalized Quantifier ◽  
Property Type ◽  
Abstract Operator ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Original Approach

In this paper we present an original approach to analyze the compositionality of indefinite expressions in Romance by investigating the relevance of their syntactic distribution in relation to their meaning. This approach has the advantage of allowing us to explore the question of how syntactic structure can determine the meaning of different forms of indefiniteness. To that end, we postulate a common derivation for bare plurals, bare mass and de phrases, whereby an abstract operator de is adjoined to definite determiners and shifts entities into property-type expressions. Quantificational specificity is proposed to be derived from a syntactic structure in which weak quantifiers select for indefinite de-phrases, no matter whether de is overt at Spell-Out or not; these quantifiers turn properties into generalized quantifiers. The anti-specificity meaning of some indefinites is derived by adjoining in the syntactic structure an abstract operator alg that encodes the speaker’s epistemic state of ignorance to a quantifier encoded for specificity, and it turns a generalized quantifier into a modified generalized quantifier. The paper also brings some general predictions on how indefiniteness is expressed in Romance, as it provides extensive support from five Romance languages: Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan, French, Italian and Spanish.

Combining the Best of Two Possible Worlds

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1057-1058
Author(s):  
Marvin R. Goldfried ◽  
Douglas A. Vakoch
Keyword(s):  
Possible Worlds

His Lordship's -ship and the King of Golfdom. Against a purely functional analysis of suffixhood

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Baeskow
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Independent Model

For many decades there has been a consensus among linguists of various schools that derivational suffixes function not only to determine the word-class of the complex expressions they form, but also convey semantic information. The aspect of suffix-inherent meaning is ignored by representatives of a relatively new theoretical direction – Neo-Construction Grammar – who consider derivational suffixes to be either purely functional elements of the grammar or meaningless phonological realizations of abstract grammatical morphemes. The latter view is maintained by adherents of Distributed Morphology, who at the same time emphasize the importance of conceptual knowledge for derivational processes without attempting to define this aspect. The purpose of this study is first of all to provide support for the long-standing assumption that suffixes are inherently meaningful. The focus of interest is on the suffixes -ship, -dom and -hood. Data from Old English and Modern English (including neologisms) will show that these suffixes have developed rich arrays of meaning which cannot be structurally derived. Moreover, since conceptual knowledge is indeed an important factor for word-formation processes, a concrete, theory-independent model for the representation of the synchronically observable meaning components associated with -ship, -dom and -hood will be proposed.

Demand for functional elements of sports climbing shirts

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjung Seo ◽  
Chun Jong Suk
Keyword(s):  
Functional Elements

Multiple Strands and Possible Worlds

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
Ruth Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Possible Worlds

Optimization of the Expression of 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase Gene from Rhizomucor miehei in the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Gubaidullin ◽  
A.S. Fedorov ◽  
D.G. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Rhizomucor Miehei ◽  
Leader Peptide ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pichia Pastoris Yeast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic Constructs

Key functional elements of the vector (promoter, leader and terminator regions) that provide the expression of a target l,3-l,4-(3-glucanase gene from Rhizomucor miehei in the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast have been optimized. It was shown that the promoter regions of the gene AOX1 from the Pichia pastoris yeast currently reclassified as Komagataella phaffti and from К. kurtzmanii yeast as parts of a vector provided equal levels of expression of the target gene in the cells of the recipient strain К. kurtzmanii Y727his4, i.e. they were completely interchangeable. This means that genetic constructs that were previously developed for the biosynthesis of recombinant proteins in К. phajfii are able to provide an effective expression in the К kurtzmanii yeast. The leader peptide MF4I (used as a variant of mif4I containing one amino acid substitution) and the leader peptide maxHH (containing the double proregion of the Hspl50 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) confirmed the status of the most powerful elements among the five leader sequences analyzed. Their efficiency was 1.7 times higher than that of the standard leader from the yeast alpha-factor, and by 20% higher than the characteristics of the second group of artificial leaders. At the same time, it was found that, the choice of the terminator region had the strongest influence on the expression of the target gene among all of the vector functional elements. The best terminator elements were variants derived from the transcription termination region of the AOX1 gene, and the difference in the expression level of the target gene using different terminators was approximately 4.5 times. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, the optimal composition of the key functional elements of the expression vector was determined ; it included the promoter and terminator regions of the AOX1 yeast gene and one of the artificial leaders, mif4I or maxHH. β-glucanase, Komagataella kurtzmanii, yeast, secretion, strain producer The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher education of the Russian Federation (Unique Project Identifier RFMEFI60717X0179) using the Unique Scientific Facility of the National Bio-Resource Center «All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms», NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA

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