COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURES OF VITREOUS AND NON-VITREOUS SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.)LAM. PLANTS GROWN IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 860g-860
Author(s):  
Nenita V. Desamero ◽  
Billy B. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Potato Plantlets

Vitrification, a physiological disorder characteristic of in vitro grown plants, was observed in single-node cultures of sweet potato in mannitol-enriched medium during their second year of storage. Vitrified or vitreous sweet potato plantlets were watersoaked, translucent or glassy in appearance, with thick, swollen, leaves and stems, stunted shoot growth and poor root growth. These plantlets were not able to regenerate normal plants when transferred into fresh regeneration medium nor were they able to survive outside culture conditions. Electron microscopy revealed changes in the ultrastructures of vitrified sweet potato plantlets. Vitrified plants had defective stomatal complex, starch grain-filled chloroplasts, disrupted cell wall, big air spaces (lacunae), high frequency of cell membrane separation from the cell wall, nuclear disintegration, and cytoplasmic disorganization. These changes in the internal structures of vitrified plants were reflected in their abnormal morphology and physiology.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURES OF VITREOUS AND NON-VITREOUS SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.)LAM. PLANTS GROWN IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 860G-860
Author(s):  
Nenita V. Desamero ◽  
Billy B. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Potato Plantlets

Vitrification, a physiological disorder characteristic of in vitro grown plants, was observed in single-node cultures of sweet potato in mannitol-enriched medium during their second year of storage. Vitrified or vitreous sweet potato plantlets were watersoaked, translucent or glassy in appearance, with thick, swollen, leaves and stems, stunted shoot growth and poor root growth. These plantlets were not able to regenerate normal plants when transferred into fresh regeneration medium nor were they able to survive outside culture conditions. Electron microscopy revealed changes in the ultrastructures of vitrified sweet potato plantlets. Vitrified plants had defective stomatal complex, starch grain-filled chloroplasts, disrupted cell wall, big air spaces (lacunae), high frequency of cell membrane separation from the cell wall, nuclear disintegration, and cytoplasmic disorganization. These changes in the internal structures of vitrified plants were reflected in their abnormal morphology and physiology.

scholarly journals Biochemistry of postharvest spoilage of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). 2. Comparison of cellulolytic enzyme production in cultures and fungi-infected sweet potato tubers

2006 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
R. C. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Potato Tubers

The study was conducted to determine the production in vitro and in vivo of cellulases by Botrydiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus oryzae. Isolates of these organisms were obtained from the postharvest decay of sweetpotato tubers. Results revealed that B. theobrornae and R. oryzae which were isolated from postharvest spoilage of sweetpotato tubers produced endo-13-1,4-glucanase and exo-V-1 ,4-glucanase in culture and in fungi-infected tissues of sweetpotato tubers. The optimum temperature and pH for cellulose synthesis and activity were 30°C and pH 6.5, respectively.

In vitro digestibility, breakdown when eaten and physical structure of stovers and straws compared with lucerne hay and sweet potato haulm

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. WILMAN ◽  
YILUN JI ◽  
E. J. MTENGETI ◽  
NAZIR AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Milled Material ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Stem Internode ◽  
The Mean

In order to learn more about the digestibility, breakdown when eaten and physical structure of stovers and straws, seven diets were compared in one experiment and eight in another. The diets in the first experiment were: the upper and lower parts of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay, the leaves, upper stem and lower stem of maize (Zea mays) stover and the leaves and stem of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) stover. The diets in the second experiment were: the upper and lower parts of lucerne hay, the leaves, stems and whole stover of millet (Setaria italica), wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw, rice (Oryza sativa) straw and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) haulm. The diets were examined for in vitro digestibility in three forms: milled, chopped (1 cm lengths) and chewed (by cattle). The lengths and widths of the chewed particles were recorded in both experiments. Aspects of the morphology and vascular structure of plant parts of the diets and of chewed particles were recorded in the second experiment.The in vitro digestibility of chopped or chewed plant material was lower (by 11 and 12 percentage units, respectively, on average) than that of milled material. The difference between chewed and milled material in in vitro digestibility was smaller with leaves (5 percentage units, on average) than with stems (18 percentage units, on average) in maize, sorghum and millet. Digestibility of chewed material was similar to or lower than that of chopped material, except with the leaves of maize, sorghum and millet. Millet stover had higher in vitro digestibility than wheat straw or rice straw, whether the diet was milled, chopped or chewed.The thinnest stem internode vascular bundles recorded (0·14 mm) were in wheat. The percentage of stem internode cross-sectional area occupied by vascular bundles was in the range 6–8 for lucerne, millet, wheat and rice. The mean numbers of veins or vascular bundles per chewed particle were in the range 6–23. The mean length of the chewed particles varied from 10 mm with the upper stem of maize to 18 mm with sorghum stem and maize leaves. The mean width of the chewed particles varied from 1·8 mm with rice straw to 5·4 mm with maize leaves.It is suggested that the low digestibility of mature plant tissue such as stovers and straws is not particularly due to thick vascular strands or to a high proportion of vascular tissue, but rather to a high proportion of cell wall and incomplete and delayed access by rumen microorganisms to much of the cell wall.

scholarly journals Effect of cytokinins and auxin on bud burst and direct organogenesis in vitro of some sweet potato landraces (Ipomoea batatas L.) grown in Benin

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 13347
Author(s):  
Arsène M. Doussoh ◽  
Justine Sossou Dangou ◽  
Gilles H.T. Cacaï ◽  
Serge S. Houedjissin ◽  
Corneille Ahanhanzo
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Bud Burst
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document