scholarly journals Ethylene Production and Influence of Silver Thiosulfate on Ethylene Sensitivity of Cut Evergreens

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight R. Tingley ◽  
Timothy A. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Sequoia Sempervirens ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Preservative Solution ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana

A survey of 16 cut evergreen species found six clustered groupings of species based on ethylene production at 2 and 21C. Ethylene production (in nanoliters per kilogram of fresh weight per hour) at 21C ranged from 26 for Juniperus virginiana to 2800 for Sequoia sempervirens. Exposure to 0.1 or 1.0 ppm ethylene for 72 hours at 2C resulted in minor effects on two species, while significantly delaying senescence of Sequoia sempervirens. Silver thiosulfate (STS) pretreatment decreased or increased longevity of six species, but all effects were minor. Longevity of cut evergreens when held in preservative solution ranged from 14 days for Pinus sylvestris to 56 days for Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Senescence symptoms observed were needle abscission, desiccation, and/or chlorosis.

scholarly journals Role of Ethylene in Opening and Senescence of Gladiolus sp. Flowers

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margrethe Serek ◽  
Rodney B. Jones ◽  
Michael S. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pulse Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Cool Storage ◽  
Carbohydrate Depletion

The opening and senescence of gladiolus (Gladiolus sp.) florets was accompanied by climacteric or nonclimacteric patterns of respiration and ethylene production, depending on variety, and whether data were expressed on a fresh-weight or floret basis. A climacteric pattern of ethylene production by the youngest buds on the spike (which never opened) was stimulated by cool storage, and was not affected by holding the spikes in a preservative solution containing sucrose. Ethylene treatment had no effect on senescence of the florets of any of the cultivars tested. Pulse treatment of the spikes with silver thiosulfate (STS) improved floret opening but not the life of individual florets. Sucrose and STS had similar but not synergistic effects on floret opening, suggesting that STS improves flower opening in gladiolus by overcoming the effects of carbohydrate depletion.

scholarly journals Longevity of Buddleia Not Affected by Silver Thiosulfate Pulse

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 835A-835
Author(s):  
B.K. Behe ◽  
T.S. Krentz
Keyword(s):  
Deionized Water ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Postharvest Life

Research shows differences among flowering species in ethylene sensitivity in response to ethylene inhibitors, including silver thiosulfate. Buddleia sp. is an arching shrub with spike-shaped inlforescences in a wide range of colors, including pink, purple, yellow, and white. The objective of this study was to determine optimal pulsing time of silver thiosulfate to maximize the postharvest life of five cultivars of Buddleia sp.: `Empire Blue', `Lochinch', `Nanho Blue', `Pink Delight', `Royal Red', and `Sungold'. Flower stems harvested at 1/3 to 2/3 development were transported to a simulated consumer environment. Stems were recut under water and pulsed for 0, 30, 60, and 120 min prior to placing them in a solution of deionized water and Floralife at 10 3 g·liter–1. No silver thiosulfate treatment was more effective than the control at extending vaselife, increasing floret development, or increasing stem fresh weight.

scholarly journals Regulation of Petal Abscission in Pelargonium × domesticum

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fred Deneke ◽  
Kathleen B. Evensen ◽  
Richard Craig
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The postharvest quality of regal pelargoniums [Pelargonium × domesticum L. H. Bailey] is limited by petal abscission. Cultivars that have diverse postharvest longevities were selected to study ethylene sensitivity and endogenous ethylene production. Petals of both intact and detached inflorescences abscised in response to low dosages of exogenous ethylene (0.5 μl·liter-1 for 1 hour). Ethylene sensitivity varied among cultivars and increased with floret age. Silver thiosulfate reduced ethylene sensitivity and often extended floret longevity beyond that of the controls. A climacteric-like rise in endogenous ethylene production occurred in excised gynoecia (including the receptacle) as floret age increased from 1 to 12 days postanthesis. Ethylene production increased a few days earlier and achieved a higher maximum rate in `Parisienne' than in `Virginia'; `Parisienne' also abscised petals earlier. Relatively low levels of endogenous ethylene may regulate petal abscission, since inflorescences were very sensitive to exogenous ethylene, and increased endogenous ethylene production preceded petal abscission.

A comparison of preharvest and postharvest ethylene production and respiration rates of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) fruit during development

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Suzy Y Rogiers ◽  
N Richard Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Maturity Class

Changes in respiration and ethylene production rates of nine maturity classes of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt.) fruit after harvest were compared with those of fruit maturing and ripening on the plant. During ripening on the plant, ethylene production increased on a whole-fruit and fresh-weight basis, while respiration increased substantially on a whole-fruit basis but remained constant on a fresh-weight basis. Fruit harvested at the greenish yellow to pink stages (maturity classes four and five, respectively) increased their ethylene production until 15-20 h after harvest, and this was coincident with ripening to maturity class seven and thus a color change to red. Ethylene production then declined over the next 15 h. Respiration rates of harvested immature, mature, and ripe fruits declined over 5 days, except for a relatively brief 8-12% rise starting 15-20 h after harvest. This brief increase in respiration was characteristic of fruit of all maturity classes, likely reflecting a wound response associated with harvest rather than a ripening-induced change in metabolism. Continuous treatment of attached or detached fruit with propylene or ethylene in an open airflow system did not induce an increase in respiration earlier, relative to control fruit. The respiratory response of saskatoon fruit during postharvest ripening was thus very different from that of fruit that ripened on the plant. Thus, the increase in respiration associated with ripening could only be demonstrated on a whole-fruit basis if fruit remained on the plant. Preharvest and postharvest changes in ethylene production during ripening also differed but were both consistent with climacteric ripening.Key words: Amelanchier alnifolia, ethylene, ripening, saskatoon fruit.

Involvement of ethylene in postharvest senescence of Boronia heterophylla flowers

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Macnish ◽  
P. J. Hofman ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
D. H. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Postharvest Senescence

Summary. Treatment of cut flowering Boronia heterophylla (red boronia) stems with 10 L ethylene/L for 72 h at 20°C induced flower senescence and abscission, and thereby reduced stem fresh weight and vase life. Pre-treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) reduced these ethylene effects. Treatment of B. heterophylla with 10 L ethylene/L for a shorter 12 h period at 20°C did not affect vase life. Rates of endogenous ethylene production by B. heterophylla flowers increased in association with wilting during flower senescence.

scholarly journals Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Colonization of Redwood and Incense Cedar Seedlings following Storage

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1362-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Afek ◽  
L.A. Lippet ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
J.A. Menge ◽  
E. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sequoia Sempervirens ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum consisting of a mixture of roots of coast redwood [Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don)], soil, and spores of Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe was tested for viability and efficacy following storage for 4 or 8 weeks at 4, 9, 15, or 24C and moisture contents of 0%, 6%, 12%, or 17%. Storage regimes did not have any effect on the number of spores of Glomus mosseae recovered after storage. However, germinability of the spores decreased from 35% before storage to 10% to 31% during storage, especially under typical ambient room conditions (17% moisture at 24C). Maximum colonization of coast redwood, sierra redwood [Sequoiadendrom giganteum (Lindl.) Buchh.], and incense cedar (Libocedrous decurrens Torr.) was achieved after inoculation with 1 inoculum: 1 potting mix dilution (w/w). However, plant fresh weight was highest following inoculation with a 1 inoculum: 5 potting mix dilution (w/w). Dried inoculum was effective when stored at 24C, or below 10C when moist.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF POLYAMINES ON THE SENESCENCE OF CARNATION PETALS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 617d-617
Author(s):  
Ki-Cheol Son ◽  
Y. Chae
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acc Content ◽  
Carnation Petals

The interaction between polyamines and ethylene is still not clear for floral tissues. The aim of the present paper is to examine the senescence on the isolated petals of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Desio) but not the whole flower in an attempt to clarify the exact role of polyamines. Petals were treated with putrescine (Put; 0.0, 1.0, 10mM), spermidine (Spd; 0.0, 1.0, 10mM), spermine (Spn; 0.0, 1.0, 10mM), Put+Spd (1.0mM), Put+Spn (1.0mM). The fresh weight of petals in all 10mM treatment was decreased less than those in the other treatments at all times but there were no significant differences. The differences in ethylene production were significant. In petals maintained in 10mM of polyamines, ethylene production was completely inhibited until 13 days and senescence was considerably retarded. However, ethylene productions in 1.0mM polyamines treatments were delayed 2-3 days with reduced amounts. These results suggest that high concentrations of polyamines retard senescence and completely inhibit ethylene production. ACC content, activities of ACC synthase and SAM decarboxylase were analyzed. Finally, the role of SAM in ethylene and polyamines biosynthesis will be discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Harvesting Stages, Preservatives, and Storage Methods on Vase Life and Flower Quality of Cut Snapdragons

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 835F-835
Author(s):  
Jong Suk Lee ◽  
Young A Kim ◽  
Young Mi Sin
Keyword(s):  
Vase Life ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Preservative Solution ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Preservative Solutions

Cut snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus L. cvs. Fujinoyuki, Oakland, and Bismarck) were harvested at three different stages and pulsed with silver thiosulfate (STS). Then, the flowers were treated with several preservative solutions to test the effects on vase life and flower quality. Proper storage methods were also investigated. The best harvesting time of snapdragon was when seven to nine florets were opened in a spike. The flowers harvested at this stage had more fresh weight, increased number of opened flowers per spike, and longer vase life than those harvested at earlier stages. Pulsing with 0.2 mM STS for 16 h improved flower quality and prolonged vase life. The preservative solution containing 2% sucrose + 150 ppm 8-hydroxyquinone citrate (HQC) + 25 ppm AgNO3 prolonged vase life. However, this solution caused longer internode between florets and excessive elongation of spike. The preservative solution containing 2% sucrose + 150 ppm HQC + 25 ppm AgNO3 + 50 ppm daminozide improved flower quality by prolonging vase life, reducing the length of internode between florets, and preventing excessive elongation of spike. The flowers held in 50% 7-Up had 2 times prolonged vase life compared to water control. The flowers held in 4% ethyl alcohol also had prolonged vase life and increased fresh weight. Ethylene caused floret abscission and STS pretreatment prevented this floret abscission. Ethylene production in cut snapdragons maintained 2 to 6 nl/g fresh weight per h during vase life. The prolonging storage at low temperature (1C) shortened vase life. The flowers pretreated with STS, and then held in preservative solution during cold storage, had better flower quality and longer vase life than those in plain water.

scholarly journals 139 Flower Senescence in Hibiscus syriacus L.

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 413D-413
Author(s):  
Hye Jin Kwon ◽  
Song Kwon ◽  
Ki Sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

This experiment was undertaken to characterize the physiological changes taking place during the petal senescence of Hibiscus syriacus. Five distinctive developmental stages were chronologically suggested. Flower bud dry weight increased almost linearly from Stage I to Stage IV at a rate of ≈15 mg/day. Fresh weight and fresh/dry weight ratio increased much more rapidly between Stage III and Stage IV than during the early stage of development. It showed that petal expansion was partially due to an increased water uptake. The highest osmolality (411 mmol) was found in the fully open flowers. During the subsequent senescence and collapse of the flower, from Stage IV to Stage V, there were a rapid loss of fresh and dry weight and the fall of fresh/dry weight ratio, corresponding to the wilting that characterizes early senescence. A rise in cell sap osmolality coincided with the increase in soluble sugar content and fresh/dry weight ratio, and with the expansion of Hibiscus syriacus petal. Therefore, buds at Stage III, where they are under physiological maturity, might be appropriate to harvest. Hibiscus syriacus flowers showed a small but respiratory peak at Stage IV. The maximum rate of respiration was obtained with fully open flowers (Stage IV), whereas ethylene production remained extremely low until the petals started to open. Ethylene production, ACC synthase, and ACC content increased as the fresh weight of the flowers started to decline. At Stage V, there were a loss of petal fresh weight and a considerable increase in ethylene production (9 nL/g per h). The results of the present study have shown that petal tissue at Stage IV, presenescent stage, was characterized by the increase of soluble sugar and fresh weight, which might be expected to lead to petal expansion and limit turgidity. ABA and the stomata on petal might promote the disorganization.

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