Longevity of Buddleia Not Affected by Silver Thiosulfate Pulse

Research shows differences among flowering species in ethylene sensitivity in response to ethylene inhibitors, including silver thiosulfate. Buddleia sp. is an arching shrub with spike-shaped inlforescences in a wide range of colors, including pink, purple, yellow, and white. The objective of this study was to determine optimal pulsing time of silver thiosulfate to maximize the postharvest life of five cultivars of Buddleia sp.: `Empire Blue', `Lochinch', `Nanho Blue', `Pink Delight', `Royal Red', and `Sungold'. Flower stems harvested at 1/3 to 2/3 development were transported to a simulated consumer environment. Stems were recut under water and pulsed for 0, 30, 60, and 120 min prior to placing them in a solution of deionized water and Floralife at 10 3 g·liter–1. No silver thiosulfate treatment was more effective than the control at extending vaselife, increasing floret development, or increasing stem fresh weight.

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Evaluation of ethylene inhibitors for postharvest treatment of Gypsophila paniculata L.

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.8.1.58 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Julie P. Newman ◽

Linda L. Dodge ◽

Michael S. Reid

Keyword(s):

Short Pulse ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Pulse Treatment ◽

Ethylene Inhibitors ◽

Silver Thiosulfate ◽

Ethylene Sensitivity ◽

Gypsophila Paniculata ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Postharvest Treatment ◽

Postharvest Longevity

Commercial floral products with claimed anti-ethylene effects were evaluated for their efficacy in promoting postharvest longevity of gypsophila (`Perfecta', `Gilboa', and `Golan' baby's breath, Gypsophila paniculata L.). These products were applied according to label directions and compared to a laboratory preparation of silver thiosulfate (STS) prepared as a short pulse treatment and as an overnight treatment; they were also compared to the new anti-ethylene gas, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). After these pretreatments, the flowers were exposed to ambient air or to 0.7 ppm ethylene gas for 36 hours; other flowers received a simulated shipping treatment. Products containing adequate concentrations of silver consistently extended the display life of gypsophila. Products with low concentrations of silver (<10 ppm) or containing aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) offered no more protection than treatments without anti-ethylene compounds. Overnight treatments with STS were as effective as short pulse treatments. Although 1-MCP pretreatment helped prevent the effects of ethylene on flowers that were open at the time of pretreatment, it provided no protection for buds that opened subsequently. There were no marked differences in ethylene sensitivity among three gypsophila cultivars.

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Genotype of Flowering Stems of Antirrhinum majus L. Influences Ethylene Evolution and Fresh Weight Changes Postharvest

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.617d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 617d-617

Author(s):

Dennis P. Stimart ◽

Kenneth R. Schroeder

Keyword(s):

Weight Change ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Ethylene Evolution ◽

Postharvest Life ◽

Final Amount

Cut flowers of a short (S)-lived (3-day) inbred, a long (L)-lived (15-day) inbred and their hybrid (F1, 7.3 days) of Antirrhinum majus L. were evaluated for fresh weight and ethylene evolution change postharvest when held in deionized water. Fresh weight change of all accessions increased 1 day postharvest then declined over the remainder of postharvest life. The loss of fresh weight was most rapid for S and less rapid for F1 and least rapid for L. Ethylene release postharvest for S and F1 started on day 1, but for L ethylene release started on day 9. Once ethylene evolution began it continued through postharvest life. On the last day of postharvest life, ethylene release from S and F1 were similar, but L was twice the level as S and F1. It appears that a slower decline in fresh weight, a delay in outset of ethylene release and higher final amount of ethylene release at senescence are heritable and associated with longer keeping time of A. majus.

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Ethylene Production and Influence of Silver Thiosulfate on Ethylene Sensitivity of Cut Evergreens

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.8.944 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 944-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dwight R. Tingley ◽

Timothy A. Prince

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Sequoia Sempervirens ◽

Juniperus Virginiana ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Evergreen Species ◽

Silver Thiosulfate ◽

Ethylene Sensitivity ◽

Preservative Solution ◽

Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana

A survey of 16 cut evergreen species found six clustered groupings of species based on ethylene production at 2 and 21C. Ethylene production (in nanoliters per kilogram of fresh weight per hour) at 21C ranged from 26 for Juniperus virginiana to 2800 for Sequoia sempervirens. Exposure to 0.1 or 1.0 ppm ethylene for 72 hours at 2C resulted in minor effects on two species, while significantly delaying senescence of Sequoia sempervirens. Silver thiosulfate (STS) pretreatment decreased or increased longevity of six species, but all effects were minor. Longevity of cut evergreens when held in preservative solution ranged from 14 days for Pinus sylvestris to 56 days for Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Senescence symptoms observed were needle abscission, desiccation, and/or chlorosis.

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CULTIVAR COMPARISON OF BUDDLEIA AS A CUT FLOWER

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.3.439g ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 439g-440

Author(s):

T.S. Krentz ◽

B.K. Behe ◽

V.V. Allen ◽

C.C. Montgomery

Keyword(s):

Cut Flower ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Total Length ◽

Wide Range ◽

Postharvest Life ◽

Butterfly Bush

Buddleia sp., butterfly bush, is a large, arching shrub with spike-shaped inflorescences in a wide range of colors including pink, purple, yellow, and white. Our objective was to determine which cultivars of Buddleia had an acceptable postharvest life and potentially could be used as cut flowers. Stems of `Black Knight', `Charming Summer', `Empire Blue', `Lochinch', `Nanho Blue', `Nanho Purple', `Pink Delight', `Royal Red', `White Profusion', and `Sungold' were harvested when one-third to two-thirds of the florets had opened. Within 2 hours of harvest, flower stems were recut under water, placed in vases containing 10 g Floralife/liter, and placed in a simulated consumer environment. Daily fresh weight, open and total length of inflorescence, and inflorescence color were measured. `Charming Summer', `Pink Delight', `Royal Red', `Sungold', `Lochinch', `White Profusion', and `Nanho Blue' performed best.

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Nucleation in continuous flow cooling sonocrystallization for coiled capillary crystallizers

Journal of Flow Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s41981-020-00138-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mira Schmalenberg ◽

Lena K. Weick ◽

Norbert Kockmann

Keyword(s):

Time Distribution ◽

Residence Time Distribution ◽

Flow Cell ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Small Scale ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Ultrasonic Bath ◽

Continuous Crystallization ◽

Wide Range ◽

Inner Diameter

AbstractNucleation in continuously operated capillary coiled cooling crystallizers is experimentally investigated under the influence of ultrasound. It was found that there is no sharp boundary but rather a transition zone for nucleation under sonication. For this purpose, a tube with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm and a length of 6 m was winded in a coiled flow inverter (CFI) design and immersed into a cooled ultrasonic bath (37 kHz). The CFI design was chosen for improved radial mixing and narrow residence time distribution, which is also investigated. Amino acid l-alanine dissolved in deionized water is employed in a supersaturation range of 1.10 to 1.46 under quiet and sonicated conditions. Nucleation is non-invasive detected using a flow cell equipped with a microscope and camera. Graphical abstract Since the interest and demand for small-scale, continuous crystallization increases, seed crystals were generated in a coiled tube via sonication and optically investigated and characterized. No distinct threshold for nucleation could be determined in a wide range of supersaturations of l-alanine in water

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Peculiarities of the Physicochemical Properties of Hydrated C60 Fullerene Solutions in a Wide Range of Dilutions

Frontiers in Physics ◽

10.3389/fphy.2021.627265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

O. Yablonskaya ◽

E. Buravleva ◽

K. Novikov ◽

V. Voeikov

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Aqueous Systems ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Dilutions ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Control Water ◽

And Chemical Properties

Hydrated fullerene C60 (HyFn) is a supramolecular object in which the nanosized fullerene molecule is enclosed in a multilayer shell of water molecules. Despite the fact that fullerene C60 is chemically rather inert, aqueous solutions of HyFn exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity in particular in low and ultra-low concentrations. Thus, physical and chemical properties of aqueous solutions of HyFn in a wide range of its dilutions are of interest. Here we compared some physical and chemical properties of aqueous systems prepared by successive 100-fold dilutions of HyFn (10–7 M) with deionized water, with their intensive shaking at each stage up to the calculated HyFn concentration of 10–31 M and of the corresponding “dilutions” of deionized water prepared in the same manner (controls). We studied the character of рН changes in dilutions when titrating them with HCl and NaOH. It turned out that HyFn dilutions had significantly higher buffering capacity against acidification with HCl than control water “dilutions.” At the highest acidity reached pH in all HyFn dilutions was almost 0.3 units higher than in the respective controls. Average buffering capacity of HyFn dilutions and water controls when titrated with NaOH did not differ. However, differences in buffering capacity could be seen between consecutive dilutions of HyFn at their titration either with NaOH or with HCl. Most prominent differences were observed between consecutive HyFn dilutions in the range of calculated concentrations 10–17–10–31 M titrated with NaOH while no significant differences in pH between equivalent “dilutions” of control water were observed. Similar though less prominent variations in buffering capacity between consecutive HyFn dilutions titrated with HCl were also noticed. Thus, titration with an acid and especially with an alkali made it possible to reveal differences between individual dilutions of HyFn, as well as differences between HyFn dilutions and corresponding dilutions of water. These features may be due to complexity in the structural properties of aqueous systems, which, supposedly, can arise due to the emergence of heterogenous aqueous regions (“clouds”) in the course of their dilutions with intensive mixing at each stage. In order to find out if such heterogeneity is a characteristic for HyFn dilutions we used the method of drying microsphere-containing droplets, whose aqueous base were either HyFn dilutions in the range of calculated HyFn concentration 10–7–10–31 M or respective water controls. It was found that a significant part of HyFn dilutions is characterized by mesoscopic heterogeneity. It showed up by the tendency of microspheres to concentrate in a specific way resembling ornaments once the droplets had dried. As the degree of HyFn dilution increased, the number of dried droplets with an ornament-like microsphere distribution increased. Same was also observed in water control drops. However, for the dilutions of HyFn equivalent to concentrations 10–19–10–31 M the percentage of complexly structured dried up droplets reached 60–80%, while for dried out drops of respective water controls it did not exceed 15–20%. Thus, the physicochemical properties of high dilutions of hydrated fullerene differ not only from each other dependently on the dilution level, but also from those of high dilutions of water, which can be explained by the structuredness and heterogeneity of these aqueous systems. Therefore, upon dilution process the properties of the solutions change according to complex and non-linear laws so that final dilutions cannot be identical in their properties and features to those of the initial solutions (before dilutions process) and to the untreated water. Dilution process, in view of the aforementioned, should not be underestimated when analyzing properties of the solutions, having shown to be able to affect dramatically properties of the solutions.

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Heritability of Metribuzin Tolerance in Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500060860 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 715-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Howard F. Harrison ◽

Alfred Jones ◽

Philip D. Dukes

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Selection Process ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Sweet Potatoes ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Potting Medium ◽

Wide Range ◽

Heritability Estimates

Twenty-two sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.] clones with a wide range in metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] tolerance were used to establish narrow sense heritability estimates (h2) using a greenhouse procedure. The heritability estimates were obtained from simple linear regressions (h2= 2b) of injury rating, shoot fresh weight, and change in shoot fresh weight of offspring against the same responses of parents at metribuzin concentrations of 0, 0.3, and 0.6 ppm in the potting medium and averaged data for the two concentrations. These values ranged from 0.85 to 1.0, indicating that a recurrent mass selection process should be an appropriate approach to developing metribuzin-tolerant cultivars. Several highly tolerant clones were identified.

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Effect of cultivar on uptake of cadmium by potato tubers

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9941483 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 1483 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

MJ McLaughlin ◽

CMJ Williams ◽

A McKay ◽

R Kirkham ◽

J Gunton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dominant Role ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Site Factors ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Commercial Potato ◽

Wide Range ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Joint Regression Analysis

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in tubers by commercial potato cultivars was assessed at 12 sites around Australia having differing soil and environmental conditions. At all but two sites there were significant differences in tuber Cd concentrations between cultivars. Some major commercial cultivars had tuber Cd concentrations only half that of others. Advanced breeding lines showed further potential to reduce Cd accumulation. Mean tuber Cd concentrations of the 14 most common cultivars, averaged across all sites, ranged from 30 to 50 8g kg-1 fresh weight (FW), below the maximum permitted concentration (MPC) of 50 8g kg-1 of Cd (FW). However, at some sites certain cultivars exceeded the MPC. A modified joint regression analysis of the data indicated that no cultivars have consistently low or consistently high tuber Cd concentrations across a range of environments. While differences between cultivars were significant, the range in Cd concentrations found between sites was generally greater than the range in Cd concentrations between cultivars at any one site. Thus soil and other site factors (e.g. irrigation water quality, climate, etc.) play a dominant role in controlling Cd accumulation by current commercial cultivars and there is a need to breed new cultivars resistant to Cd accumulation under a wide range of environments.

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Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Ochradenus arabicus and their physiological effect on Maerua oblongifolia raised in vitro

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74675-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan O. Shaikhaldein ◽

Fahad Al-Qurainy ◽

Mohammad Nadeem ◽

Salim Khan ◽

Mohamed Tarroum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Total Protein ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Wide Range ◽

Shoot Number

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are presently the most commonly generated engineered nanomaterials and are found in a wide range of agro-commercial products. The present study was designed to synthesize AgNPs biologically using Ochradenus arabicus leaves and investigate their effect on the morphophysiological properties of Maerua oblongifolia raised in vitro. Physicochemical methods (ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were performed for characterization and for obtaining microphotographs of the AgNPs. Shoots of M. oblongifolia (2–3 cm) grown in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of AgNPs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg L−1) were used. Following 6 weeks of in vitro shoot regeneration, the shoot number, shoot length, leaf number, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, total protein, proline level, and antioxidant enzyme activities of the plants were quantified. We found that 20 mg L−1 AgNPs increased the shoot number, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content of the plants. The maximum total protein was recorded in plants that were administered the lowest dose of AgNPs (10 mg L−1), while high concentrations of AgNPs (40 and 50 mg L−1) increased the levels of proline and the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Our results indicate that green-synthesized AgNPs may be of agricultural and medicinal interest owing to their effects on plants in vitro.

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Water Loss Changes of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers as Influenced by Genotype

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.482g ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 482G-483

Author(s):

Dennis P. Stimart ◽

Kenneth R. Schroeder

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Open Area ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Flowering Stem ◽

Postharvest Life

Cut flowers of a short(S) lived (3 days) inbred, a long(L) lived (15 days) inbred and their hybrid (F1, 7.3 days) of Antirrhinum majus L. were evaluated for water loss when held in deionized water under continuous fluorescent light at 25°C. Flowering stems for water loss evaluation were harvested when the basal five to six florets expanded. Cut stems were placed in narrowed-necked bottles with the open area between the stem and bottle sealed with Parafilm. Stem weight and water weight in the bottle were taken every 24 h. Water loss evaluation was continued until 50% of the open florets on the flowering stem wilted or turned brown. Overall, water loss from all accessions was highest 24 h postharvest, declined rapidly between 24 to 96 h, and remained unchanged throughout the remainder of postharvest life. Between 24 to 96 h, the slope of the line for water loss was greatest for L, least for S, and intermediate for the F1. It appears that longest postharvest life of A. majus is associated with the most rapid decline of water loss immediately postharvest to a level, which remains constant.

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