Impact of Magnetic-Pulse and Chemical-Thermal Treatment on Alloyed Steels’ Surface Layer

The relevant problem is searching for up-to-date methods to improve tools and machine parts’ performance due to the hardening of surface layers. This article shows that, after the magnetic-pulse treatment of bearing steel Cr15, its surface microhardness was increased by 40–50% compared to baseline. In this case, the depth of the hardened layer was 0.08–0.1 mm. The magnetic-pulse processing of hard alloys reduces the coefficient of microhardness variation from 0.13 to 0.06. A decrease in the coefficient of variation of wear resistance from 0.48 to 0.27 indicates the increased stability of physical and mechanical properties. The nitriding of alloy steels was accelerated 10-fold that of traditional gas upon receipt of the hardened layer depth of 0.3–0.5 mm. As a result, the surface hardness was increased to 12.7 GPa. Boriding in the nano-dispersed powder was accelerated 2–3-fold compared to existing technologies while ensuring surface hardness up to 21–23 GPa with a boride layer thickness of up to 0.073 mm. Experimental data showed that the cutting tool equipped with inserts from WC92Co8 and WC79TiC15 has a resistance relative to the untreated WC92Co8 higher by 183% and WC85TiC6Co9—than 200%. Depending on alloy steel, nitriding allowed us to raise wear resistance by 120–177%, boriding—by 180–340%, and magneto-pulse treatment—by more than 183–200%.

Study on the improvement the quality of drinking water via electrochemical pulse treatment

This article provides information on the ongoing research on the provision of clean and high-quality drinking water, comprehensive development and modernization of drinking water supply and sewerage systems, quality characteristics, physical and chemical composition, and water treatment methods. Initial electrochemical pulse treatment for drinking water is proposed. When water is treated with an electrochemical pulse, the substances become dispersed particles and, due to improved oxidation, reduce the amount of dry matter in the water by 28%, and the oxidation rate increase by 33%, and the hydrogen peroxide ratio by 30%.

Effect of Electric Pulse Treatment on Hot-Dip Aluminizing Coating of Ductile Iron

In this paper, hot-dip aluminizing of ferrite nodular cast iron was carried out after treating liquid aluminum with different electrical pulse parameters. Compared with that of conventional hot-dip aluminizing, the coating structure of the treated sample did not change, the surface was smooth and continuous, and the solidification structure was more uniform. When high voltage and large capacitance were used to treat the liquid aluminum, the thickness and compactness of the coating surface layer increased. The thickness of the alloy layer decreased, and, the compactness and the micro hardness increased, so the electric pulse had a certain inhibition on the formation of the alloy layer. The growth kinetics of the alloy layer showed that the rate-time index decreased from 0.60 for the conventional sample to 0.38 for the electric pulse treated sample. The growth of the alloy layer was controlled by diffusion and interface reaction, but only by diffusion. The AC impedance and polarization curves of the coating showed that the corrosion resistance of hot-dip coating on nodular cast iron was improved by electric pulse treatment.

Analysis of the results of the influence of electric pulse treatment on purulent waste

High standards of sanitary and epidemiological safety at large pig-feeding complexes are one of the prerequisites for the production of high-quality pork. Livestock complexes are a source of accumulation of a large amount of manure runoff. Now there is a large tendency of environmental destruction and irreversible loss of natural resources due to pollution by waste from livestock enterprises. The use of new technologies for treating wastewater from food enterprises, industrial, livestock breeding is an urgent problem. The use of accelerated composting of the dewatered part of the effluent is one of the ways to increase the efficiency of using waste from pig farms. For this, scientists have developed a standard series of installations that ensure the conversion of waste into high-quality organic fertilizer, however, the issue of further use of the liquid part of the waste has not been fully worked out. That is why the use of the latest wastewater treatment technologies from industrial enterprises, food and agriculture is an urgent problem. One of the promising ways to improve treatment technologies for organic pollution is the use of cavitation phenomena and electrohydraulic shock in the aquatic environment. Analysis of existing wastewater treatment technologies shows that today environmentally friendly methods are being intensively developed, which are an alternative to chlorination and other chemicals. In recent years, the development and research of the operation of electro-pulse methods for disinfecting liquids, based on the creation of a high-voltage discharge in a liquid, the so-called electrohydraulic effect, have been actively pursued. Taking into account the long-term studies of the processes occurring during the electrohydraulic shock, the implementation of this method has not gone beyond the bench tests and is at the development stages. To study the effect of electrohydraulic treatment on chemical transformations of organic substances and disinfection, an experimental electric pulse installation has been developed. Waste waters of livestock complexes are characterized by organic and mineral pollution, they can have a different composition, which makes it impossible to determine the individual components of pollution. Therefore, it became necessary to find such indicators that would characterize certain properties of water without special identification of individual substances. To assess the efficiency of the electric pulse treatment of manure runoff, the BOD indicator was chosen - biological oxygen consumption and dry residue. Key words: slurry, pig feeding complex, electric pulse treatment, biological oxygen consumption

Effects of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields in Cell Vitality, Apoptosis, and Proliferation of TPC-1 Cells

Objective. To evaluate the effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) with different pulse durations in cell vitality, apoptosis, and proliferation of TPC-1 cells, optimize pulse parameters and expand the application range of nsPEFs. Methods. The pulse duration of 0, 300 ns, 500 ns, and 900 ns is generated with nsPEF generator. CCK-8 was used to investigate the effect of nsPEFs on the viability of TPC-1 cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis of TPC-1 after pulse treatment. The effect of nsPEFs on the proliferation ability of TPC-1 cells was detected by 5-ethy-nyl-2 ′ -deoxyuridine. The morphological changes of TPC-1 cells after pulse treatment were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results. NsPEFs with 900 ns pulse duration can significantly affect the viability of TPC-1 cells and inhibit the proliferation ability of TPC-1 cells. In addition, nsPEFs can also induce apoptosis of TPC-1 cells. Conclusion. NsPEFs with longer pulse duration can significantly affect the biological behavior of TPC-1 cells, such as cell viability and proliferation ability, and can also induce cell apoptosis, thereby inhibiting cell growth.