scholarly journals CPPU IN THE MEDIUM FOR SEED GERMINATION PROMOTES EMBRYOGENESIS FROM SEEDLING EXPLANTS IN COMMON BEAN.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 617f-617
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Mohamed ◽  
Paul E. Read ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Bipolar Structure ◽  
Seedling Explants ◽  
Explant Cultures ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

Few studies on embryogenesis in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been reported and only the early stages of somatic embryogenesis were observed. Dry seeds from two common bean lines were germinated in darkness on L-6 medium containing 4% sucrose, 0.2 g casein hydrolysate /liter and 2.0 g phytagel /liter. The medium for seed germination was supplemented with 0, 2, 4 or 6μM forchlorfenuron (CPPU). Explants from cotyledonary leaves, petioles, hypocotyls and shoot apices were prepared from 14 day-old seedlings. Callus was derived from explant cultures incubated in darkness at 26C on the medium containing 4 μM 2,4-D and 1 μM Kinetin. The callus was transferred after 4 weeks into 125 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml liquid medium and placed on a gyrotary shaker (120 rpm) under cool-white light (12 μmol.m-2.s-1). The liquid medium was used with 2, 4 or 6 μM of 2,4-D alone or with zeatin supplements at relative concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5. Up to 200 somatic embryos from 40 to 50 mg callus inoculations were induced after 4 to 5 weeks. Callus derived from seedlings grown on CPPU-containing medium gave more repetitive somatic embryos. Cotyledonary stage embryos with clear bipolar structure were observed only from callus derived from seedlings grown on CPPU when transferred to suspension cultures containing 2,4-D and zeatin. All somatic embryos differentiated strong roots and some developed leaf-like structures on conversion medium.

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kulothungan ◽  
A. Ganapathi ◽  
A. Shajahan ◽  
K. Kathiravan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

Embryogenic callus was induced from seedling leaf explants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. C152 on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg 1−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The maximum frequency of somatic embryogenesis was noticed when this callus was transferred to MS liquid medium supplemented with 2 mg 1−1 2,4-D. Further studies on ontogeny of somatic embryos showed that the cells destined to become somatic embryos divided into spherical or filamentous proembryos. Subsequent divisions in the proembryo led to globular, heart, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. Tiny plantlets were obtained by transferring the cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos to MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg 1−1 2,4-D.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE INDUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANGOSTEEN SOMATIC EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Yosi Zendra Joni ◽  
Riry Prihatini ◽  
Darda Efendi ◽  
Ika Roostika
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction

<p>Somatic embryogenesis is a technique for regenerating embryos derived from somatic cells of various plant species. This technique along with the utilization of plant growth regulator (PGR) might benefit for mass propagation and improvement of plant species through biotechnological tools. The study aimed to determine the effect of different plant growth regu-lators, namely 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the embryogenic callus induction as well as casein hydrolysate and malt extract on the somatic embryo development of mangosteen. The explants used were in vitro young stems of mangosteen clone Leuwiliang. This study consisted of two experiments, namely induction of embryogenic callus and formation of somatic embryo. The first experiment was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with BA (0 and 0.7 mg l-1) as the first factor and TDZ (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg l-1) as the second factor. The second experiment consisted of four treatments, i.e. casein hydrolysate and malt extract at the rate of 500 and 1,000 mg l-1. The results showed that the best medium for embryogenic callus induction was MS supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ, which resulted semifriable calli. Casein hydrolysate and malt extract could not induce the formation of somatic embryos. After two times subcultures on the same MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 TDZ and 0.7 mg l-1 BA, a total of 33.8 somatic embryos per explant was induced. The successful somatic embryogenesis would support mangosteen breeding and in vitro mass propagation program.</p>

scholarly journals Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
FITRIA ARDIYANI ◽  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami ◽  
HERY PURNOBASUKI ◽  
SENJA APRILIA PARAMITA
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Coffea Liberica

Abstract. Ardiyani F, Utami ESW, Purnobasuki H, Paramita SA. 2020. Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica. Biodiversitas 21: 5829-5834. Coffea liberica is an important and potentially commercial plant with a high economic value from the Coffea genus. Therefore, the availability of planting material is needed to increase productivity and ensure the sustainability of its farming. Somatic embryogenesis is a powerful propagation method used to produce clonal plants from limited genetic material. In the present research, we have shown that C. liberica could be successfully regenerated in vitro via somatic embryogenesis from leaves derived embryogenic callus. These calli were cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium added with 1 mgL-1 BAP or in combination with 2.4 D (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mgL-1) for embryo development induction. Furthermore, the medium containing only BAP was best for embryo development induction after culturing for 12 weeks, with the highest number of cotyledonary stage embryos (17.8%) and producing a total of embryo (20.2). Following cotyledonary stage embryo were cultured on new MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP, 0.5 mgL-1 IAA, 0.5 mgL-1 NAA only, and 0.5 mgL-1 BAP in combination with 0.5 mgL-1 IAA or 0.5 mgL-1 NAA. Interestingly, the results showed that cotyledonary stage embryos were converted into complete plants at all treatment, but the MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP was found to be the most effective in promoting regeneration with 2.6 leaves per-plantlet and height of 5.2 mm. Based morphological analysis confirm that the development of somatic embryo from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica started with the formation of embryo globular, heart, torpedo, cotyledonary stages, and finally conversion of cotyledonary embryo into complete plant.

scholarly journals MEDIA AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1068b-1068
Author(s):  
R. A. Hoyos ◽  
G. L. Hosfield
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

Opaque globules formed on bean callus induced on primary leaf explants cultured on induction media (IM) containing 10 to 30 mg/l 2,4-D. Calli with globules produce structures reminiscent of somatic embryos (embryoids) after subculture in a liquid challenge medium (LCM). Calli maintained on IM for 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks produced significantly more (26 to 34/callus) embryoids in LCM than calli maintained on IM for one week (12/callus). Well developed embryoids only occurred after calli were subculture in liquid B5 with 0.1 to 1.0 mg/l IBA. Calli subculture in LCM with > 10 mg/l IBA turned necrotic and died. Embryoids produced in B5 with 2,4-D and NAA (0.1 to 1.0 mg/l) proliferated roots and formed “frosty” appearing structures, respectively. No differences were detected in number or quality of embryoids produced in LCM from callus maintained on IM in continuous light or darkness regardless of the induction time. Ethylene accumulation in IM cultures inhibited globule formation.

scholarly journals Manifestation of embryogenic potential in culture of zygotic embryos of Quercus robur L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria G. Ostrolucká ◽  
Diana Krajmerová
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Repetitive Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Secondary Embryos ◽  
Somatic Embryo Conversion

For the initiation of somatic embryogenesis early cotyledonary stage of zygotic embryo explants (from 15th July until late August) was suitable. The highest frequency of differentiation of somatic embryos was obtained on cotyledons of zygotic embryos cultured on basal modified medium MS (with 1/2 concentration macronutrients) or WPM medium containing 500 mg•l<sup>-1</sup> glutamine, proline and casein hydrolysate and supplemented with 2,4-D (1,0-2,0 mg•l<sup>-1</sup>) and BAP (0,5-1,0 mg•l<sup>-1</sup>). The development of somatic embryos was direct and indirect and the process was continuous over a long period. Primary somatic embryos were able to produce secondary embryos. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis led to the proliferation of a large number of new somatic embryos on their cotyledons, hypocotyl or radicula. The process of embryo differentation is asynchronous - various stages of somatic embryos could be observed in embryogenic culture. A somatic embryo conversion was rare on tested media. Embryo germination occured on medium containing BAP (0,1 mg•l<sup>-1</sup>) or on medium with ABA and GA<sub>3</sub> (each 0,2 mg•l<sup>-1</sup>) after a previous culture on WPM medium without plant growth regulators supplemented with sorbitol (6%). The embryo germination occurred also on WPM medium with 0.2 mg•l<sup>-1</sup> BAP when cultures were mantained at 2<sup>o</sup>C for 4 weeks. Only 8 somatic embryos developed into plantlets. Their transplantation to <em>in vivo</em> conditions was unsuccessful.

scholarly journals 116 Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis in Cowpeas

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 461D-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurline Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

Four cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp] genotypes; IT 82E-18, IT 82E-16, Pinkeye Purple Hull, and Coronet were tested for somatic embryo formation and embryogenesis. Explants were 3-week-old cotyledons from which the embryonic axes were removed. Cotyledons were cultured in eight media combinations representing modifications of two media, one containing Murashige and Skoog Basal salt with B5 vitamins (MSB), 500 mg/L casein-hydrolysate (CS), 500 mg/L sodium chloride, 3% sucrose, 0.7% agar, 2mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/L benzylamino purine, and the other containing (MSB), 3% sucrose, 40 mg/L 2-4-D and 0.2% gellan gum. After 1 month, 40% to 100% of explants produced calli and few produced shoots. Subcultured shoots in MS with 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or with IBA and 0.5mg/L kinetin (KT) failed to produced roots. The only green cotyledonary stage embryo was produced on this latter medium. Subculture of calli in MSB containing CS, mannitol, sucrose, agar, indoleacetic acid, and KT produced cream-colored globular embryos, roots, and a few leaves.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Bigleaf Magnolia by Somatic Embryogenesis

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Merkle ◽  
B.A. Watson-Pauley
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Adventive Embryos

Bigleaf magnolia (Magnolia macrophylla Michx.) cultures were initiated from immature seeds on an induction medium containing 9.0 μm 2,4-D, 1.1μm BA, and 1 g casein hydrolysate/liter. After 2 months on induction medium, one culture produced adventive embryos. Clumps of embryos transferred to liquid induction medium proliferated as nodules, which grew in diameter, but failed to produce embryos while maintained in induction medium. Nodules transferred to basal medium produced clumps of somatic embryos, which continued to produce repetitive embryos with monthly transfer to fresh basal medium. Individual embryos transferred to basal medium lacking casein hydrolysate germinated and leaves expanded. Plantlets derived from these embryos were transferred to potting mix and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); N -(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA).

Plant Regeneration in Sorbus. pohuashanenesis Hedl by Somatic Embryogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1462-1466
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
Yu Hua Li ◽  
Hai Long Shen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos

Somatic embryogenesis was obtained by using immature zygotic embryos of S. pohuashanesis as explants and emblings were obtained. For induction of somatic embryos, immature zygotic embryos which 30 days old after pollination were cultured on solid MS medium with 1.0 mg•L-1 NAA, 0.1 mg•L-1 6-BA, 500 mg•L-1casein hydrolysate (CH) and 40 g•L-1 sucrose . Inducted somatic embryos were cultured in solid MS medium containing 500 mg•L-1CH and 40 g•L-1 sucrose. After 30 days of culture, many normal cotyledonary embryos were produced. Plantlets were regenerated when somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium with 30 g•L-1 sucrose. The somatic embryos germinated at a germination frequency of approximately 80%, but rate of the plantlets that successfully acclimated and continued growing was 40% in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Three Magnolia Species

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Merkle ◽  
A.T. Wiecko
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Fresh Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Proembryogenic Masses ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Soil Mix

Cultures were initiated from immature seeds of three species of magnolia: sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana L.), fraser magnolia (M. fraseri Walt.) and yellow cucumbertree [M. acuminata var. cordata (Michx.) Sarg.]. Immature seeds were bisected longitudinally and cultured on a solidified conditioning medium containing 2 mg 2,4-D/liter, 0.25 mg BA/liter, 40 g sucrose/liter, and 1 g casein hydrolysate/liter. Cultures were maintained in the dark at 22C and transferred to fresh medium at monthly intervals. Within 2 months of culture, somatic embryos or proembryogenic masses proliferated from one end of the endosperm mass. Somatic embryos and proembryogenic masses of each species were cultured on a hormone-free version of the conditioning medium to complete maturation and then transferred to the same hormone-free medium, minus casein hydrolysate, to initiate germination. Germinants were transferred to a hormone-free plantlet development medium for conversion. Plantlets of all three species survived transfer to soil mix and continued to grow. Chemical names used: (2,4 -dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D), N- (phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA).

scholarly journals High Frequency of Somatic Embryogenesis and Recover of Fertile Cucumber Plants

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula P. Chee
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Bipolar Structure ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A simple procedure for regeneration of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Poinsett 76) from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants has been developed. Somatic embryogenesis was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins medium supplemented with 2,4-D at 2.0 mg·liter-1 and kinetin at 0.5 mg·liter-1. Development of embryos was accomplished on MS medium with NAA at 1.0 mg·liter-1 and kinetin at 0.5 mg·liter-1. Eighty-five percent of the mature somatic embryos formed showed a typical bipolar structure. All developed into morphologically normal plantlets when transferred to MS medium containing no growth regulators. Chemical name used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).

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