Assessment of Freeze Injury in `Boskoop Giant' Black Currant Buds

A seasonal study was conducted to assess the freezing injury of `Boskoop Giant' black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) samples from Oct. 1991 through Mar. 1992. Buds were subjected to either differential thermal analysis (DTA) or one of a series of temperatures (0 to -36C). Freeze injury was then assessed either visually or with TTC. Results indicated that black currant floral buds have multiple low-temperature exotherms (LTE). Freeze injury in intact buds could not be visually quantified because of the lack of visible browning, nor assayed with TTC reduction. Excised floral primordia incubated in TTC, however, developed colored formazan following exposure to nonfreezing and sublethal freezing temperatures, but remained colorless when exposed to lethal temperatures. The percentage of floral primordia that were colored and colorless were tabulated and a modified Spearman-Karber equation was used to calculate the temperature at which 50% of floral primordia were killed (T50 The T50 temperature was correlated with the temperature at which the lowest LTE was detected (R2 = 0.62). TTC reduction assay using excised floral bud primordia was a good indicator of viability in frozen blackcurrant buds. Chemical name used: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC).

Download Full-text

STAINING TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS FREEZE INJURY IN OVERWINTERING BUDS OF `DANKA' BLACK CURRANT

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.654g ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 654g-654

Author(s):

Fumiomi Takeda ◽

R. Arora ◽

M. Wisniewski ◽

M. Warmund

Keyword(s):

Staining Technique ◽

Freezing Injury ◽

Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽

Black Currant ◽

Reliable Technique ◽

Freeze Injury ◽

Floral Buds ◽

Reduction Assay ◽

Floral Primordia ◽

Floral Bud

`Danka' black currant floral buds produce multiple low temperature exotherms (LTEs). However, the absence of visual injury symbtoms in the buds after exposure to subfreezing temperatures make it difficult to assess injury in these buds. A 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction assay was used to determine whether LTEs corresponded to freezing injury of individual floral primordia or to the entire floral axis. Intact buds were cooled at 3C/n, removed at 3C intervals from -12 to -33C, and thawed on ice for 24 h. Duplicate samples were subjected to differential thermal analysis. Freeze injury Could not be measured with TTC in thawed, intact buds. However, incubation of excised floral primordia in TTC resulted in an all or nothing response. The number of LTES did not correspond to the number of floral primordia killed within a floral bud, but the median LTE did correspond with the temperature at which lethal injury of the whole inflorescence occurred. Therefore, preliminary results indicate that TTC reduction assay of individual floral buds is a fast, reliable technique to assess bud injury.

Download Full-text

FREEZING SURVIVAL AND SUPERCOOLING IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY BUDS OF Rubus spp.

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-110 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 893-904 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. R. WARMUND ◽

M. F. GEORGE

Keyword(s):

Thermal Analysis ◽

Differential Thermal Analysis ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Freezing Injury ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Viability Testing ◽

Floral Buds ◽

Floral Primordia

Primary and secondary buds from 11 blackberry (Rubus subgen. Rubus) and 10 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivars were subjected to viability testing to determine their relative hardiness from November 1987 through March 1988. Of the blackberries tested, Darrow floral buds were found to be the most hardy throughout dormancy. Forty-five percent of primordia in Darrow primary buds survived −33 °C in January. Most blackberries had reproductive secondary buds that generally survived lower temperatures than the primary buds. Of the red raspberries tested, Canby and Chilliwack had good primary bud hardiness in January and March. Primary buds of red raspberries were usually injured at warmer temperatures than secondary buds. Differential thermal analysis experiments were conducted on primary and secondary buds of Dirksen and Shawnee blackberry and Nordic and Reveille red raspberry at each test date to determine their freezing characteristics. The low temperature exotherms detected in primary buds of each cultivar were correlated with freezing injury, but their number seldom corresponded to the number of differentiated floral primordia. Low temperature exotherms were also detected in some of secondary buds of Dirksen and Reveille which contained differentiated floral primordia.Key words: Blackberries, raspberries, cold hardiness, differential thermal

Download Full-text

Survey of Gooseberry Mite Infestation in Ribes L.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.4.678 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 678-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kim E. Hummer ◽

Joseph D. Postman ◽

John Carter ◽

Stuart C. Gordon

Keyword(s):

Mite Infestation ◽

Ribes Nigrum ◽

Black Currant ◽

Floral Primordia ◽

Red Currant

During Dec. 1997 and Jan. 1998, the gooseberry mite, Cecidophyopsis grossulariae Collinge, was observed to infest 48 currant and gooseberry (Ribes L.) cultivars in a field plantation in Corvallis, Ore. The mite was observed on 29 black currant, (Ribes nigrum L.), two red currant [Ribes rubrum L. and R. sativum (Rchbch.) Syme], 12 gooseberry [R. uvacrispa L., R. oxyacanthoides var. setosum (Lindley) Sinnot], and three R. ×nidigrolaria Bauer cultivars and the hybrid R. nigrum × R. pauciflorum Turcz. ex Pojark. A range of mite infestation levels was observed, with some cultivars not being infested, some with light infestation, having 1 to 100 adult mites per bud, and some heavily infested, with more than 100 mites per bud. On lightly infested buds, the mites were inside bud and leaf scales; in heavily infested buds, mites were also observed on floral primordia. Scales of infested buds were often loose and appeared more open than noninfested ones. Mite distribution varied by branch within a plant. Black currant cultivars with the heaviest infestation of C. grossulariae were of Scandinavian, Russian, Scottish, and Canadian origin. The Russian black currant cultivar Tunnaja was the most heavily infested with more than 1000 mites per bud. Floral primordia were damaged in heavily infested buds.

Download Full-text

Fungus Spaeropsis Malorum peck. One of the currant stalk drying agents

POMICULTURE & SMALL FRUITS CULTURE IN RUSSIA ◽

10.31676/2073-4948-2020-62-172-178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 172-178

Author(s):

S. E. Golovin

Keyword(s):

Causative Agent ◽

High Frequency ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Ribes Nigrum ◽

Black Currant ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Pear Trees ◽

Red Currant

The article highlights the results of research carried out in 2019-2020 to study the reasons for the drying out of the stems of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) and golden currant (Ribes aureum L.). As a result of research, the fungus Sphaeropsis malorum Peck. in the first in Russia it was revealed from the drying stems of three types of black currants, red currants and golden currants. This pathogen inhabited currant stems together with fungi from the genus Cytospora spp., causative agents of stem drying. On red currants, it was established that S. malorum was the main causative agent of branch drying, as indicated by the high frequency of occurrence (75.0-83.3 %) of this fungus on the affected stems, compared with species from the genus Cytospora spp. (16.7-33.3 %) and Phomopsis ribesia (25.0 %). Due to the fact that the cultivation of currants in the immediate vicinity of apple and pear trees leads to infection of plants with the fungus S. malorum, it is necessary to avoid planting currants in the vicinity of fruit-bearing seed gardens.

Download Full-text

Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity in Berry and Leaf Extracts of Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) as affected by Soil Management Systems

Erwerbs-Obstbau ◽

10.1007/s10341-020-00491-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 293-300

Author(s):

Svetlana M. Paunović ◽

Pavle Mašković

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Soil Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Ribes Nigrum ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Black Currant

Download Full-text

Anthocyanin-rich black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) extract affords chemoprevention against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in rats

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.09.001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1035-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Anupam Bishayee ◽

Thomas Mbimba ◽

Roslin J. Thoppil ◽

Erzsébet Háznagy-Radnai ◽

Péter Sipos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribes Nigrum ◽

Black Currant ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis

Download Full-text

Chemical and sensorial characteristics of fruit spirits produced from different black currant (Ribes nigrum l.) and red currant (Ribes rubrum l.) cultivars

Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ◽

10.20450/mjcce.2012.17 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 217 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Todor Vulić ◽

Ninoslav Nikićević ◽

Ljubiša Stanković ◽

Milovan Veličković ◽

Marina Todosijević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Ribes Nigrum ◽

Black Currant ◽

Fruit Spirits ◽

Red Currant

Chemical characteristics of fruit spirits produced from three black currant cultivars (Malling Juel, Ometa, Ben Sarek) and two red currant cultivars (Rondom and Versailles) grown in Serbia were examined using gas chromatography. In addition, sensory evaluation of the spirit samples was performed using the Buxbaum model of positive rating. Fruit spirits produced from black currant cultivars displayed the highest contents of methanol (267.2 - 595.0 g/hl A. A) and amyl alcohols (74.2 - 204.8 g/hl A. A). Total sensory scores of currant brandies ranged between 17.60 and 18.40, while currant brandy produced from Ben Sarek black currant cultivar received the highest score (18.40). All tested samples of currant brandies fulfilled EU requirements as regards their content of methanol and other components such as acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and high alcohols. The currant distillates were compared with other commercial spirits, including plum and grape brandies.

Download Full-text

Hypotensive, cardiodepressant, and vasorelaxant activities of black currant (Ribes nigrum ‘Ben Sarek’) juice

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2015-0584 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (10) ◽

pp. 1102-1105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suzana Branković ◽

Bojana Miladinović ◽

Mirjana Radenković ◽

Marija Gočmanac Ignjatović ◽

Milica Kostić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Hypotensive Effect ◽

Rat Aorta ◽

Ribes Nigrum ◽

Black Currant ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Dose Dependent Decrease ◽

Dose Dependent

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of black currant (Ribes nigrum L. ‘Ben Sarek’) juice on the blood pressure and frequency of cardiac contractions, as well as vasomotor responses of rat aortic rings. Arterial blood pressure was measured directly from the carotid artery in the anaesthetized rabbits. The aortic rings were pre-contracted with KCl (80 mmol·L−1), after which black currant juice was added. An intravenous injection of black currant juice (0.33–166.5 mg·kg−1) induced a significant and dose-dependent decrease of rabbit arterial blood pressure and heart rate. The black currant juice decreased arterial blood pressure of rabbit by 22.33% ± 3.76% (p < 0.05) and heart rate by 17.18% ± 2.93% (p < 0.05). Cumulative addition of the black currant juice (0.01–3 mg·mL−1) inhibited concentration-dependent KCl induced contractions of the isolated rat aorta. The black currant juice, at the concentration of 3 mg·mL−1, caused a maximum relaxation of 21.75% ± 3.15% (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that black currant juice can induce hypotension. The hypotensive effect of the black currant may occur as the consequence of its inhibitory activity on the rate of heart contraction and vasorelaxant effects.

Download Full-text