scholarly journals 186 INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE AND WILTH IN ON BLOSSOM THINNING OF APPLE AND PLUM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 455f-455
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Brenda R. Simons ◽  
Max W. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Yield And Quality

Effects of hydrogen cyanamide and Wilthin on blossom thinning and the consequences of thinning on fruit set, yield and fruit quality of `Rome Beauty' was studied. A full bloom application of hydrogen cyanamide at the rate of 0.25% (Dormex formulation) or 0.25% of Wilthin both followed by a fruit thinning by Sevin + NAA effectively thinned mature trees of `Rome Beauty' and had a similar effect on fruit set, yield and fruit quality. The effects of these two chemicals at these rates on several aspects of fruit set, yield and quality were similar to the effects of Elgetol. Hydrogen cyanamide, Elgetol and 0.25% Wilthin at full bloom resulted in a higher percentage of single fruit set, thus, less labor for hand thinning. Application of 0.37% Wilthin at 20% bloom or at full bloom resulted in larger fruit size, but induced fruit russetting. Soluble solids of fruit from trees with Elgetol, 0.37% Wilthin at 20% bloom or at full bloom were higher than fruit from other treatments. Hydrogen cyanamide at 0.50% resulted in a satisfactory level of blossom thinning in `Friar' plums.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE ON APPLE AND PLUM FRUIT THINNING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 690a-690
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Brenda R. Simons ◽  
John K. Fellman ◽  
W. Michael Colt
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Influence of various concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on fruit thinning of `Rome Beauty' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), `Friar,' and `Simka' plums (Prunus salicina Lindley) were studied. A full bloom application of HC at all tested concentrations decreased `Rome Beauty' apple fruit set and yield, and increased fruit weight. Hydrogen cyanamide at 0.25% (V/V) resulted in adequate apple thinning, indicated by the production of an ideal fruit weight. Prebloom and full bloom applications of HC at greater than 0.75% reduced plum fruit set and yield in `Friar.' Full bloom application of HC at 0.25% to 0.50% showed a satisfactory fruit set, yield, and fruit size in `Friar' plum. Full bloom application decreased fruit set and yield in `Simka' plum. Hand thinning, as well as chemical thinning, is recommended for plums.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE ON STONE FRUIT THINNING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122a-1122
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Michael Colt ◽  
S. Krishna Mohan ◽  
John Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Fruit Thinning

Influence of prebloom and full bloom applications of hydrogen cyanamide on `Simka' and `Friar' plums in Southwest Idaho and `Florda Prince' peach in Southwest Arizona was studied. Prebloom application of 0.5% hydrogen cyanamide caused severe toxicity to the fruit buds in `Friar' lure, while 2% hydrogen cyanamide did not cause toxicity in `Simka' plum. `Simka' fruit was effectively thinned with 1-2% prebloom application. At full bloom, 1.5% hydrogen cyanamide caused severe flower and leaf burning in both `Friar' and `Simka' plums, while concentrations between 0.1% and 1% thinned flowers (fruits) in both of the plum cultivars. Influence of hydrogen cyanamide on final fruit set, fruit size and maturity are also studied. Prebloom or full bloom applications of 2% or 3% hydrogen cyanamide eliminated 95 to 100% of the blooms, while application of this chemical at 1% sufficiently thinned the fruit. Number of commercially packed large peaches in trees receiving 1% hydrogen cyanamide was the same as that in trees thinned by hand, suggesting hydrogen cyanamide as a potential chemical for stone fruit thinning.

Fruit set, development and maturation.

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. du Preez
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Phenological Cycle ◽  
Productivity Gains

Abstract This chapter describes the guava fruit as well as the fruit set, growth, drop, harvesting, yield and quality (total soluble solids, total acids and ascorbic acid). Understanding the phenological cycle of guava and the effect of management practices on yield and fruit quality allows management practices to be modified to develop strategies which should lead to productivity gains for different pruning or chemical application times. As the effects of various treatments and times of application on yield and fruit quality for different cultivars and climatic zones are known, it is possible to decide on the optimum time to apply treatments knowing what the quality of the fruit will be, the time that the fruit will be harvested, expected yield and the critical times to apply management practices.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Strawberry (Frageria ananasa Dutch) under Different Phosphorus Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husain Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Sajjid ◽  
Sikandar Hayat ◽  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
The University ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

<p><em>Strawberry fruit takes less time for production and is easily multiplied. Fruiting is an exhaustive process and depletes nutrients especially phosphorus as it is highly immobile in the soil. An experiment was conducted in The University of Peshawar, Pakistan to evaluate different level of Phosphorous on growth, yield and fruit quality of Strawberry Cv Chandler. Results show that Phosphorus at 90 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> significantly influenced the days to flowering (102.66) of strawberry plants while, at 80 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> significantly affected days to fruit set (2.98), days to fruit maturity (20.05), Number of fruits (7.50) and Total fruit yield tons ha<sup>-1</sup>(3.61). Fruit size (6.42 cm3) was significantly affected at 70 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. Similarly, Ascorbic acid (62.61), percent acidity (0.64) and Total soluble solids (7.83) were significantly affected by phosphorus at 60 kg ha<sup>-1</sup></em></p>

scholarly journals Chemical thinning of 'BRS Kampai' peach trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseli de Mello Farias ◽  
Caroline Farias Barreto ◽  
Renan Ricardo Zandoná ◽  
Carlos Roberto Martins ◽  
Paulo Mello-Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of thinning with metamitron on the fruit yield and quality of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) trees. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the 2016 and 2017 crop years. Treatments consisted of the application of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L-1 metamitron and of hand thinning 40 days after full bloom, besides control plants. Fruit abscission, effective fructification, number of fruits, and fruit yield per plant were evaluated. Regarding fruit quality, fresh fruit biomass, epidermis color, pulp firmness, soluble solids, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were assessed; fruits were also classified into diameter classes. For fruit abscission, the effect of the application of 100 mg L-1 metamitron is similar to that of hand thinning. Fruit yield and mean mass in all treatments with metamitron are similar to those obtained by hand thinning. The application of metamitron does not affect the fruit quality of peach trees. Chemical thinning with metamitron may be an alternative to hand thinning in peach trees used for the production of fruits for fresh consumption.

scholarly journals Blossom Thinners Reduce Crop Load and Increase Fruit Size and Quality of Peaches

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina D. Coneva ◽  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Spray Gun

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of three blossom-thinning compounds on crop density and fruit quality of two peach cultivars. Treatments consisted of 15 ml·L–1 and 30 ml·L–1 ammonium thiosulphate, 30 ml·L–1 and 40 ml·L–1 decyl alcohol, and 40 ml·L–1 lime sulfur. Treatments were applied to `Redhaven' and `Harrow Diamond' peach trees at two phenological stages: 80%, and 100% full bloom in 2002 and 2003. In both years, treatments reduced the crop density in both cultivars, and in 2003 the amount of hand thinning required to adjust the crop load was significantly reduced. Fruit size from several blossom-thinned treatments was comparable with that observed from hand-thinned trees. However, treatments caused significant leaf phytotoxicity to `Harrow Diamond' trees in 2003, likely a result of hand spray gun applications. These data indicate that chemical sprays at bloom can be used successfully to reduce fruit set, but are very environmentally, dose, and cultivar dependent.

scholarly journals Commercial-scale Use of Hydrogen Cyanamide for Apple and Peach Blossom Thinning

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Randy R. Lee ◽  
Gary A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Commercial Scale

Hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex, 50% a.i.) for blossom thinning `Early Spur Rome' and `Law Rome' apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) and `Flavorcrest' peach (Prunus persica L.) was applied with air-blast sprayers on a commercial scale. Full-bloom applications of hydrogen cyanamide at 4 pts formulation per 200 gal/acre (1288 mg·L−1) and 5 pts formulation per 200 gal/acre (1610 mg·L−1) significantly reduced fruit set in apple and peach. In `Early Spur Rome', a postbloom application of carbaryl [Sevin XLR Plus, 4 lb a.i./gal (0.48 kg·L−1)] following a full-bloom spray of hydrogen cyanamide increased fruit thinning with a significant increase in fruit size compared to an application of hydrogen cyanamide alone. In `Law Rome', trees receiving a full-bloom application of hydrogen cyanamide followed by a postbloom application of 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl) + naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) had significantly lower fruit set and larger fruit than those in the carbaryl + NAA treatment. Apples or peaches were not marked by hydrogen cyanamide.

scholarly journals Effects of self and cross pollination on fruit set and fruit quality of sour cherry cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ansari ◽  
G. H. Davarynejad ◽  
J. Tornyai ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination

An experiment conducted using factorial based on randomized completely block design during 2005 and 2006. Flowers of Érdi bőtermő, Érdi jubileum and Cigány meggy before anthesis and in balloon stages were isolated with paper bags from guest pollens and pollinated in appropriate time. The averages of final fruit set showed the advantage of open pollination (14.6% fruit set) in compare with artificial self pollination (13.0% fruit set) and natural self pollination (4.4% fruit set). Siah mashhad sweet cherry cultivar with more than 70% overlap of flowering and 9.8% fruit set in 2005 and 17.9% in 2006 was the best among applied pollinisers for Érdi bôtermô sour cherry cultivar.Also, Siah mashhad sweet cherry with more than 50%overlap of flowering time and 25.8%fruit set was the best polliniser for Cigány megg. Among the pollinisers, Siah mashhad was the best for Érdi jubileum with more than 50% overlap and 15.22% fruit set. Meanwhile, pollens of Siah mashhad caused the increase of fruit size in Cigány meggy cultivar. phenomenon. Pollens of Siah mashhad caused reduction in total soluble solids of Érdi bôtermô fruits, however, it does not have any significant effect on the acid rate of fruits.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL THINNING WITH ARMOTHIN® ON FRUIT SET, YIELD AND QUALITY OF JAPANESE PLUM (Prunus salicina Lindl.) CV. ‘FORTUNE’

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Von Bennewitz ◽  
Andrés Cabalín ◽  
Tomáš Lošák
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Japanese Plum ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
General Chemical

The effects of the application of the chemical thinner Armothin® on fruit set, yield and quality of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cv. ‘Fortune’ were studied during two seasons in Central Chile (34.56°S, 71.5°W). Trees were sprayed with Armothin® at 0.5%, 1% and 2% concentrations. All thinning treatments reduced the fruit set and fruitlet number (fruitlets/50 cm of branch). Armothin® at 2% conc. was the most aggressive treatment, drastically reducing the fruit set from 85.9% and 82.9% of the control and crop load to unprofitable levels during both seasons. Chemical thinning treatments at the two lowest concentrations (0.5 and 1%) did not significantly alter the crop load compared with the unsprayed control during both study seasons. Thinning costs were reduced (Armothin® 0.5%, 25.0% and 21.5% of the control treatment and Armothin® 1%, 24.6% and 24.1% of the control, during the first and second season, respectively). In general, chemical thinning increased the fruit size and total soluble solids content (TSS). Taking into account the ef- fects on thinning, crop load, fruit quality and thinning costs, Armothin® 1% and Armothin® 0.5% are the most advantageous treatments in the case of this study.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration-based Irrigation Systems and Nitrogen Effects on Yield and Fruit Quality at Harvest in Fully Mature ‘Fuji’ Apple Trees over Four Years

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Bahar Fallahi ◽  
Michael J. Kiester
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fuji Apple

In a long-term study between 2008 and 2011, the use of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), when a precise crop coefficient value (Kc) was used, provided a reliable irrigation scheduling for determination of water requirement for ‘Autumn Rose Fuji’ apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh) fully mature trees. Water use, yield, and fruit quality attributes at harvest were examined under various irrigation and nitrogen (N) systems that were scheduled using ETc. Trees with a full sprinkler (FS) system received ≈39% to 41% more water than those with a full drip (FD) system during the period of 2008–11 growing seasons. On average, mature trees with an FS system received 5927.6 L (944 mm), whereas those with an FD system received 3610.3 L of water per tree (554.9 mm) per growing season over the period of 2008 through 2011. Fruit from trees with FS and FD were larger, whereas those with 50% FS were smaller than those from all other treatments. Trees with 50% FS treatment received a higher volume of water but had smaller fruit size than those with 50% FD or 65% FD. Averaging values over 4 years revealed that applications of any form of deficit irrigation (DI), either by microjet irrigation or drip, increased fruit soluble solids concentration (SSC) and firmness but decreased water core at harvest. Considering yield, and quality attributes in this study, a well-calculated ETc-based FD irrigation system is recommended over any other irrigation regime. If application of deficit water is mandated, application of 65% FD is preferred over 50% FS, as trees with 65% FD treatment received less water while had larger fruit than those of 50% FS. Trees receiving 80 g N/tree had lower fruit color and russet than those receiving 40 g N/tree. However, other yield and quality attributes were unaffected by the rate of N fertigation.

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