scholarly journals 886 PB 460 SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM IMMATURE COTYLEDONS OF TEXAS BLUEBONNET

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 560g-560
Author(s):  
Daksha Sankhla ◽  
Tim D. Davis ◽  
N. Sankhla
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryo Maturation ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Precocious Germination ◽  
Embryogenic Potential ◽  
Conversion Frequency ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Immature Cotyledons

This study was initiated to test the embryogenic potential of immature cotyledons (3-5 mm long) of Texas bluebonnet (Lupinus texensis). The embryo initiation medium consisted of B5 salts and vitamins with 3% sucrose and 22.6 μM 2,4-D alone or in combination with 1-15 μM of various cytokinins. Within 15-20 days, globular embryos were formed on the distal end of the cotyledons. Eventually the entire cotyledon surface was covered by embryo-like structures. Addition of cytokinins to the medium did not increase the percentage of cultures which formed embryos. In fact, addition of thidiazuron severely inhibited embryogenesis. Following transfer to an embryo maturation medium (MS medium with 0.38 μM abscisic acid alone or in combination with benzyladenine or zeatin) for 10-14 days, the embryos were placed in MS medium supplemented with GA (2.9 μM) or glutamine (200 mg/liter) with or without activated charcoal (0.5%) for embryo germination and plantlet development. Most of the embryos exhibited precocious germination and well-developed roots but failed to produce normal shoots. Therefore, additional work is needed to improve embryo conversion frequency.

scholarly journals Glutathione and abscisic acid supplementation influences somatic embryo maturation and hormone endogenous levels during somatic embryogenesis in Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl.

Plant Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga ◽  
Leila do Nascimento Vieira ◽  
Catarina Corrêa Puttkammer ◽  
Henrique Pessoa dos Santos ◽  
Julio de Andrade Garighan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Embryo Maturation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Somatic Embryo Maturation

scholarly journals Differential Influence of Growth Regulators during Somatic Embryogenesis of Gynodioecious Papaya Varieties‘CO.7’ and ‘Red Lady

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
C. K. Rajesh ◽  
K. K. Kumar ◽  
C. Kavitha ◽  
G. Karthikeyan ◽  
K. Soorianathasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Somatic Embryo Germination

The study involved two auxins viz., 2,4-D (2,4-Diclorophenoxyacetic acid) and picloram at three different concentrations (1,2, 3 mg/L) in full strength MS media to study their comparative influence on induction of somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of two gynodioecious varieties of papaya ‘CO.7’ and ‘Red Lady’. In papaya cultivar ‘CO.7’, 2,4-D at 2 mg/L gave the highest callus induction frequency of 90.93%, whereas comparatively higher concentration of 3 mg/L 2,4-D was found suitable for ‘Red Lady’ (87.26%). Although there was profuse callus formation, 2 mg/L 2,4-D recorded comparatively higher frequency of embryogenic calli in ‘Red Lady’ (51.67%) when compared to ‘CO.7’ (30.00%). Somatic embryo maturation was achieved upon transfer of embryogenic calli exhibiting globular stage embryos on to maturation medium (MS medium + ABA (Abscisic acid) and BAP (Benzyl amino purine) in different concentrations + glutamine 400 mg/L). In the maturation medium, the combination of 1.5 mg/L ABA and 0.4 mg/L BAP registered better conversion of the globular embryo to cotyledonary embryos than other levels. The frequency of somatic embryo germination was higher in ‘Red Lady’ (50.00%) as compared to ‘CO.7’ (31.67%) on half-strength MS medium devoid of growth regulators.

Histology of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in excised root cultures of an endangered species Tylophora indica (Asclepiadaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aastha Sahai ◽  
Anwar Shahzad ◽  
Shiwali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Tylophora Indica ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
One Year

This paper reports an efficient regeneration protocol through parallel organogenic and embryogenic pathways from green root segments (GRSs) of Tylophora indica (Burm.f) Merrill. GRSs explants from one year old in vitro cultures were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various cytokinins. Five µmol/L of 6-benzyladenine (BA) was most responsive for organogenesis in 1.5 cm long GRSs. Repeated subculture on medium containing both BA (5 µmol/L) and 1-naphthleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.1 µmol/L) promoted multiplication and proliferation of direct shoot buds (46.80 ± 0.96) and callus mediated somatic embryogenesis (18.07 ± 0.33). Germinated embryos isolated from callus were transferred onto maturation medium consisting of half-strength MS medium either devoid of plant growth regulators (PGRs) or with various concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA). Microshoots were excised during subculture and transferred onto root induction medium, thus ensuring a continuous supply of germplasm. Morphogenic variations were noticed in types of roots induced on various auxins. Regenerated plantlets and emblings hardened best on vermiculite with a survival rate of 90% and 70% respectively. However, the emblings were healthier in comparison to the regenerated plants. Histological analysis showed the origin and development of organogenesis.

scholarly journals Effects of Osmolytic Agents on Somatic Embryogenesis of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam VAHEDI ◽  
Siamak KALANTARI ◽  
Seyed ALIREZA SALAMI
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryo Maturation ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Osmotic Agents

A protocol for callus induction from meristem tissues and subsequent somatic embryo formation were established in this study. Explants were taken from apical and lateral meristems of saffron and these explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with combinations of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) and Kinetin (Kn). The effects of osmotic agents such as abscisic acid (ABA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Gelrite on somatic embryogenesis were also investigated. After 45 and 60 days of culture, calli were induced from apical and lateral meristems, respectively. The apical meristems yielded higher quality calli when compared to the lateral meristems. The highest frequency of callogenesis and the growth rate of callus were achieved from apical meristems on Murashige and Skoogs (MS) medium supplemented with 2.4-D (2 mg/l) and Kinetin (0.5 mg/l). After 45 days of subculture, the segments of nodular calli were transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR)- free media for induction of pre-embryogenesis embryo formation. Pre-matured embryos were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different osmotic agents such as Gelrite, ABA and PEG to study their effects on embryo maturation. Both PEG and ABA proved more effective for somatic embryo maturation as compared to Gelrite.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Asparagus officinalis L. Through Embryogenic Callus

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Muhammad Nurul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Embryogenic Calli

A plant regeneration system was established from hypocotyl explants of in vitro grown seedlings of A. officinalis and in vitro proliferated shoots, respectively through somatic embryogenesis and embryogenic calli. Somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by the types of plant growth regulators. Embryogenic calli with somatic embryos developed well in MS supplemented with 2.0 ‐ 4.0 μM BAP and 1.0 ‐ 4.0 μM 22,4‐D, NAA or IBA. The highest frequency (95.3%) of embryogenic calli and 55.2 somatic embryos formation were obtained when the MS was amended with 4.0 μM BAP and 2.0 μM 2,4‐D. The best embryo germination occurred in 1.0 μM BAP supplemented MMS. The highest 97.2% of shoot proliferation was observed in embryogenic calli in MS medium containing 2.0 μM BAP and 1.0 μM IBA. In vitro grown shoots were rooted in MMS with 1.0 ‐ 2.0 μM IBA. Regenerants were transferred to vermicompost and successfully established under an ex vitro environment in garden soil with 80% survival rate.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(1): 21-31, 2017 (June)

scholarly journals Impact of Osmotica and Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis of Date Palm

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Mouaad Amine Mazri ◽  
Ilham Belkoura ◽  
Reda Meziani ◽  
Hajar Es-Saoudy ◽  
Fahd Rachad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

An efficient somatic embryogenesis system is reported for date palm cv. Al-Fayda, a genotype resistant to the bayoud disease. Callus induction was achieved from adventitious bud explants cultured for 6 months on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 4.5 μM 6-(dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP) and various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or picloram. The highest somatic embryogenesis frequency (89%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 225 μM 2,4-D. Subsequently, embryogenic cultures were transferred to agitated liquid MS medium (maturation medium) containing various concentrations of mannitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or sorbitol. The highest rate of somatic embryo maturation (71.4 mature embryos per 100 mg callus) was achieved on the medium supplemented with 40 g l-1 PEG. Mature somatic embryos were then transferred to MS medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA3) or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at various concentrations. The highest frequency of germination and conversion (26%) was obtained on the medium containing 5 μM NAA and 5 μM BAP. The developed plants were then transferred to ex vitro conditions, where a survival rate of 77.02% was observed. The regeneration protocol established in the present investigation will be used for mass propagation of date palm cv. Al-Fayda.

scholarly journals SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM LEAF OF WITLOOF CHICORY (Cichorium intybus L.)

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 270D-270
Author(s):  
Y. Mohamed-Yasseen ◽  
T. L. Davenport ◽  
W. E. Splittstoesser ◽  
R. M. Skirvin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Fresh Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Nodular Callus

A method for regeneration of somatic embryogenesis from witloof chicory is described. Explants were taken from leaf veins of stored witloof chicory. Internal bacterial infection was found in 100% of the leaf bases but decreased gradually toward the leaf tips. Bacterial free explants were taken from the distal third and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 1.3 uM 2,4-D, 1.3 uM kinetin, and 100 mg/L casein hydrolysate. A pale yellowish, nodular callus formed after 4 weeks and were maintained in the same medium for 8-12 months with one change to a fresh medium every 4 weeks. Callus were suspended in the same medium without agar for 4-6 weeks with one change to a fresh medium every 2 weeks. Embryo-like structure appeared upon transfer to MS liquid medium containing 1.8 uM benzyladenine. Embryo germination was accomplished in 1/4 strength of MS medium with 01 without 1 g/L activated charcoal.

Initiation and morphological development of somatic embryoids from barley cell cultures

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Kott ◽  
K. J. Kasha
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Barley Cell

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in callus previously initiated from immature embryos of barley. These cultures ranged in age from 6 weeks to 30 months. Embryoids were readily initiated from homogenized suspension-grown aggregates when plated on modified B5 media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Low concentrations (0.1 and 0.05 mg∙L−1) of abscisic acid promoted further maturation of embryoids, while gibberellic acid (1 mg∙L−1) and kinetin (0.1 mg∙L−1) were used in the media to encourage embryoid germination. The development of somatic embryoids from initiation through maturation and germination is described.

scholarly journals Influence of Abscisic Acid and Sucrose on Somatic Embryogenesis in CactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamostruosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lema-Rumińska ◽  
K. Goncerzewicz ◽  
M. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

Having produced the embryos of cactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamonstruosaat the globular stage and callus, we investigated the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) in the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM on successive stages of direct (DSE) and indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE). In the indirect somatic embryogenesis process we also investigated a combined effect of ABA (0, 0.1, 1 μM) and sucrose (1, 3, 5%). The results showed that a low concentration of ABA (0-1 μM) stimulates the elongation of embryos at the globular stage and the number of correct embryos in direct somatic embryogenesis, while a high ABA concentration (10–100 μM) results in growth inhibition and turgor pressure loss of somatic embryos. The indirect somatic embryogenesis study in this cactus suggests that lower ABA concentrations enhance the increase in calli fresh weight, while a high concentration of 10 μM ABA or more changes calli color and decreases its proliferation rate. However, in the case of indirect somatic embryogenesis, ABA had no effect on the number of somatic embryos and their maturation. Nevertheless, we found a positive effect of sucrose concentration for both the number of somatic embryos and the increase in calli fresh weight.

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