Vincetoxicum indicum (Burm.f.) Mabb. - a case of transient abnormal secondary thickening in stem

Vincetoxicum indicum (Burm.f.) Mabb. (Syn. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr., T. asthmatica W. &A.), an important twining medicinal plant of India, was found to show a transient anomalous secondary thickening to facilitate the twisting of stem around a support. The very young stem had a continuous primary xylem cylinder, the protoxylem of which differentiated to two large bundles on the opposing sides and many smaller bundles in between. In the initial stages of maturation, the cambium outside the two large protoxylem groups behaved abnormally in producing more phloem outwards and little or no secondary xylem inwards to produce two wedge shaped phloem groups on opposite sides. The production of crescent shaped secondary xylem on the other two sides which fell at a right-angled plane resulted in bulging of these sides away from the anomalous cambium to create a rectangular stem having two broad sides which were used as the facing sides of stem against a support. As soon as the twisting nature was established, the anomaly was reversed and the anomalous cambial patches started behaving normally to produce a complete ring of secondary xylem. As this abnormal behaviour happened only during the twisting of stem, this is considered as an adaptational anomalous secondary thickening.

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND FT-IR ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACTS OF HEMIDESMUS INDICUS AND TYLOPHORA INDICA

Medicinal plants are of great importance for the health of individuals and communities. Hemidesmus indicus and Tylophora indica are used as traditional medicines. These plants contain a lot of bioactive compounds. The present investigation is carried out in Hemidesmus indicus and Tylophora indica leaves. In the present study, the methanol extract of H. indicus and T. indica were subjected for preliminary phytochemical analysis through FT-IR spectral analysis and the bioactive compounds were identified. The Preliminary Phytochemical analysis of methanolic leaves extract of H.indicus and T.indica revealed the presence of secondary metabolites. FT-IR analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Hemidesmus indicus and Tylophora indica revealed 16 and 13 major compounds respectively. The H.indicus has higher bioactive compounds compared to T.indica.

Investigation of In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Tylophora Indica Leaves Against Haemonchus Contortus

In current study of natural antiparasiticin-vitroanthelmintic activity of methanolic extracts of Tylophoraindica leaves against Haemonchus contortusconducted. This study was conducted by preparing the plant extract in methanol by using maceration process. This methanolic extract of Tylophoraindica exhibited greater anthelminthic activity, thismethanolic extract resulted 100% mortality after 6 hours exposure at 50 mg/ml of concentration, the 90% of mortality shows after 6 hours exposure at the concentration of 25 mg/ml and 80% of mortality shows after exposure 6 hours at 12.5 mg/ml concentration. In the presence of albendazole (used as a reference standard drug)100 percent of worm mortality observed within 4 hours. After Post-exposureworm mortality was not found in phosphate buffer solution. Leading to the nature of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids etc., the extract shows greater worm mortality operation.

Protective Effect of Tylophora indica against Streptozotocin Induced Pancreatic and Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Rats

The objective of the study is to evaluate the ethanolic leaf extract of Tylophora indica (ELTI) on pancreatic and hepatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The serum blood glucose and liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) were estimated in all the groups. The elevated blood glucose levels and liver enzymes were found to be decreased with ELTI in STZ induced diabetic rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S- transferase (GST) and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were also decreased, while an increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were observed in pancreas and liver with ELTI treatment in STZ induced diabetic rats. Histopathology reveals that the protective effect of ELTI over STZ induced oxidative damage in both liver and pancreas. These results indicated that ELTI has more potential antioxidant effects on diabetic-induced oxidative stress.