scholarly journals Regeneration of Asparagus officinalis L. Through Embryogenic Callus

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Muhammad Nurul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Embryogenic Calli

A plant regeneration system was established from hypocotyl explants of in vitro grown seedlings of A. officinalis and in vitro proliferated shoots, respectively through somatic embryogenesis and embryogenic calli. Somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by the types of plant growth regulators. Embryogenic calli with somatic embryos developed well in MS supplemented with 2.0 ‐ 4.0 μM BAP and 1.0 ‐ 4.0 μM 22,4‐D, NAA or IBA. The highest frequency (95.3%) of embryogenic calli and 55.2 somatic embryos formation were obtained when the MS was amended with 4.0 μM BAP and 2.0 μM 2,4‐D. The best embryo germination occurred in 1.0 μM BAP supplemented MMS. The highest 97.2% of shoot proliferation was observed in embryogenic calli in MS medium containing 2.0 μM BAP and 1.0 μM IBA. In vitro grown shoots were rooted in MMS with 1.0 ‐ 2.0 μM IBA. Regenerants were transferred to vermicompost and successfully established under an ex vitro environment in garden soil with 80% survival rate.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(1): 21-31, 2017 (June)

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum Makino via Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 628a-628
Author(s):  
Hak-Tae Lim ◽  
Eun-Ae Lee ◽  
Won-Bae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Wild Vegetable ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of obtaining plantlets via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis as means of in vitro mass propagation in Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum Makino, one of the most popular wild vegetable plants in Korea. Shoots formed directly when bulb explants of A. victorialis were cultured on MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L–1 NAA and 2.0 mg·L–1 zeatin under 16 hours (light)/8 hours (dark) illumination. The use of leaf and shoot tip explants was not successful, largely due to explant senescence in the present of plant growth regulators. Embryogenic calli were obtained from the bulb explants of A. victorialis on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg·L–1 NAA, 0.2 mg·L–1 BAP, and 1.0 mg·L–1 picloram after 4–5 weeks of culture in the dark at 27°C. Upon transfer to shoot-induced MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L–1 NAA and 2.0 mg·L–1 zeatin, embryogenic calli gave rise to numerous somatic embryos, which subsequently developed into multiple shoots after 3 months of culture under 16 hours(light)/8 hours (dark) illumination. For root induction, regenerated shoots were transferred to MS medium added with 1.0 mg·L–1 NAA. Regenerants with well-developed roots were potted in an artificial soil mixture of vermiculite (1) and perlite (1).

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Phytophthora cinnamomi-Tolerant Holm Oak Genotypes by Axillary Budding and Somatic Embryogenesis

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Martínez ◽  
Francisco Javier Vieitez ◽  
Alejandro Solla ◽  
Raúl Tapias ◽  
Noelia Ramírez-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Holm Oak ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Shoot Cultures

Holm oak (Quercus ilex) is one of the most widely distributed tree species in the Mediterranean basin. High mortality rates have been observed in holm oak populations in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula as a result of oak decline syndrome. Selection and propagation of genotypes tolerant to this syndrome could aid the restoration of affected areas. In this article, we report micropropagation and conservation procedures based on axillary budding and somatic embryogenesis (SE) of holm oak plants, selected for their tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi—the main biotic factor responsible for oak decline. Forced shoots were obtained from potted plants of eight different genotypes, and used as stock material to establish in vitro shoot proliferation cultures. Reliable shoot proliferation was obtained in seven out the eight genotypes established in vitro, whereas multiplication rates were genotype-dependent. The highest rooting rates were obtained by culturing shoots for 24 h or 48 h on rooting induction medium containing 25 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid, followed by transfer to medium supplemented with 20 µM silver thiosulphate. Axillary shoot cultures can be successful conserved by cold storage for 12 months at 4 °C under dim lighting. Shoot tips, excised from axillary shoot cultures established from tolerant plants, were used as initial explants to induce SE. Somatic embryos and/or nodular embryogenic structures were obtained on induction medium with or without indole-acetic acid 4 mg L−1, in two out the three genotypes evaluated, and induction rates ranged between 2 and 4%. Plantlet recovery was 45% after two months cold stratification of somatic embryos and eight weeks of culture on germination medium. Vegetative propagation of P. cinnamomi-tolerant Q. ilex trees is a valuable milestone towards the restoration of disease-affected areas.

scholarly journals An efficient regeneration system through in vitro somatic embryogenesis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
M Haque ◽  
SMS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Media ◽  
Barley Genotypes

This study was carried out to improve an efficient protocol for in vitro callus induction and plant regeneration using Bangladeshi barley genotypes collected from BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh. After sterilization embryos were separated carefully from mature seeds of six barley genotypes (BB-1, BB-2, BB-3, BB-4, BB-5 and BB-6) and cultured them in MS medium supplemented with various concentration and combination of PGRs for callus induction and regeneration. Out of six genotypes BB-6 showed highest (38.17%) callus induction in MS + 4.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 200 mg/l L-proline + 300 mg/l casein hydrolysate; whereas, BB-4 and BB-5 showed no callus induction in the same medium. For plant regeneration from embryogenic calli the same genotype (BB-6) also performed the best results (19.25%) in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 30 g/l sucrose. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed highly significant differences among the media and the genotypes. J. bio-sci. 27: 89-99, 2019

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical characterization of secondary somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae)

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Maria Daniela Artigas Ramirez ◽  
Rafael Fernandez Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryos

Background and Aims: Meliaceae species are extremely recalcitrant during germination and in vitro processes. Therefore, this research focuses on characterization and optimization of a highly efficient system by secondary somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica, which is an important step for enhancing secondary metabolite production and regeneration in recalcitrant species.Material and Methods: Leaf and cotyledon sections were induced in MS medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone, or combined with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and, abscisic acid (BA) with thidiazuron (TDZ).Key results: Azadirachta indica developed primary somatic embryos with BAP. Shoot and root formation occurred at low concentrations of BAP, while somatic embryogenesis was favored under high levels of BAP or TDZ. Primary and secondary somatic embryos were evidenced continuously and asynchronously. The highest amount of somatic embryos was obtained with cytokinins. However, the concentration might be significant to differentiate between primary and secondary embryos. Moreover, the auxins are key for inducing histodifferentiation in embryos. Shoot induction occurred after transfer of the embryos to hormone-free MS medium. The shoots were rooted in MS1/2.Conclusions: The secondary somatic embryos were distinguished and characterized during the whole process and the efficient system was established with cotyledon sections at short term, which offers several advantages such as the production of metabolites.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Ephedra foliata (Boiss.); a non Coniferous Gymnosperm

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjul Dhiman ◽  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Sushma Moitra
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Longitudinal Splitting ◽  
Ephedra Foliata ◽  
Best Responses ◽  
Mature Seeds

Embryos from mature seeds of Ephedra foliata were excised and used as explant after longitudinal splitting. Half embryos were cultured in vitro to assess their morphogenic potential. When 2 - 10 µM  2,4-D with 2 - 10 µM Kn was used in MS with 10% coconut milk callus, roots and somatic embryos were induced. Lower concentration of 2 and 5 µM 2,4-D with 2 to 15 µM Kn gave best responses in terms of percentage of cultures showing somatic embryos. greater degree of callusing was obtained in a combination of 8 - 10 µM 2,4-D with Kn, but frequency of somatic embryos was low. Substituting BAP for Kn in the medium containing 2,4-D showed almost the same response as that in 2,4-D and Kn. The percentage of cultures showing root formation was low as compared to Kn combinations. Somatic embryos developed, but with a lesser frequency. When different concentrations of NAA were added with Kn, only rooting and callusing occurred. On this medium, there was a total absence of somatic embryos. When somatic embryos were transferred to a hormone free medium, they grew within 10 - 15 days. The fully grown somatic embryos then germinated and developed into plantlets. Chromosomal count confirmed retention of ploidy level.  Plantlets from somatic embryos were transferred to pots containing sterilized mixture of coarse sand and garden soil in equal proportions. They survived well and formed new nodes and internodes after nearly one month.   Key words:  Ephedra, Somatic embryogenesis, Micropropagation, Ephedrine   D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i2.6893   Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(2): 133-143, 2010 (December)

scholarly journals Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
FITRIA ARDIYANI ◽  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami ◽  
HERY PURNOBASUKI ◽  
SENJA APRILIA PARAMITA
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Coffea Liberica

Abstract. Ardiyani F, Utami ESW, Purnobasuki H, Paramita SA. 2020. Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica. Biodiversitas 21: 5829-5834. Coffea liberica is an important and potentially commercial plant with a high economic value from the Coffea genus. Therefore, the availability of planting material is needed to increase productivity and ensure the sustainability of its farming. Somatic embryogenesis is a powerful propagation method used to produce clonal plants from limited genetic material. In the present research, we have shown that C. liberica could be successfully regenerated in vitro via somatic embryogenesis from leaves derived embryogenic callus. These calli were cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium added with 1 mgL-1 BAP or in combination with 2.4 D (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mgL-1) for embryo development induction. Furthermore, the medium containing only BAP was best for embryo development induction after culturing for 12 weeks, with the highest number of cotyledonary stage embryos (17.8%) and producing a total of embryo (20.2). Following cotyledonary stage embryo were cultured on new MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP, 0.5 mgL-1 IAA, 0.5 mgL-1 NAA only, and 0.5 mgL-1 BAP in combination with 0.5 mgL-1 IAA or 0.5 mgL-1 NAA. Interestingly, the results showed that cotyledonary stage embryos were converted into complete plants at all treatment, but the MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP was found to be the most effective in promoting regeneration with 2.6 leaves per-plantlet and height of 5.2 mm. Based morphological analysis confirm that the development of somatic embryo from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica started with the formation of embryo globular, heart, torpedo, cotyledonary stages, and finally conversion of cotyledonary embryo into complete plant.

scholarly journals (284) Factors Influencing Somatic Embryogenesis of Proembryonic Mass Suspension Culture in `Autumn Royal Seedless' Grape

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053B-1053
Author(s):  
Yingyos Jittayasothorn ◽  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Xia Xu ◽  
Piyada Thipyapong ◽  
Nantakorn Boonkerd
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Suspension Cells ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Half Strength

Biotechnology has great potential for grape genetic improvement. However, successful implementations of grape biotechnologies, such as transformation and in-vitro selection, are based on a high yield productivity of synchronized somatic embryos as well as an efficient single-cell regeneration system. Suspension culture has been known as an ultimate approach to provide those requirements. We recently developed the highly repeatable protocol for PEM suspension culture of `Autumn Royal Seedless' (Vitis vinifera L.). In a following experiment, three factors, including activated charcoal (AC), darkness, and full- or half-strength MS medium were tested for their impact on grape embryogenesis of PEM suspension cells. All three factors proved to be important for grape somatic embryogenesis. Darkness was the most-influenced factor among the three. After 4 weeks on full-strength MS medium plus AC, suspension cells mostly grew friable callus and somatic embryos were rarely observed under 16-h light conditions, whereas numerous somatic embryos were fully developed in darkness. Strength of MS medium and AC also affected grape somatic embyogenesis. In every combination tested, full-strength MS media was all superior to half-strength, which was more obvious under darkness. The AC had a positive effect for promoting of somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) VAR. KM297

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Kien Van Vu ◽  
Sanh Du Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Immature Leaf

Somatic embryos of cassava var. KM297 received from pieces of in vitro immature leaf lobes or cotyledon of somatic embryos, were induced on the MS medium supplemented with 8mg/l picloram after 13 days inoculation in the dark condition. Different states of embryo were obtained after 10 days cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BA and 0.01mg/l NAA, in the light condition. Role of endogenous AIA and Zeatin of the globular state of embryos was studied.

scholarly journals Propagasi in vitro tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pada bioreaktor dengan perendaman sesaat

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Tamania SAPTARI ◽  
Masna Maya SINTA ◽  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. PRIYONO ◽  
. SUMARYONO
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Immersion Period

The cultivation of date palm in Indonesia has increased since the last decade. However, the superior date palm seedlings are still limited and most of them are imported from other countries. The mass supply of superior date palm seedlings can be provided by in vitro propagation in the bioreactor. Therefore, the research was conducted to develop a protocol of date palm in vitro propagation by using Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB). The in vitro propagation was carried out through somatic embryogenesis technique using meristematic tissues isolated from offshoots of date palm female clone cv. Zambli as explants. The explants were sterilized and then cultured to produce embryogenic calli and somatic embryos. Afterwards, somatic embryos germination and plantlets formation were conducted in TIB with treatments of immersion period: 3, 10, and 30 minutes every 6 hours, with 8 replications, The results showed that the optimal somatic embryo germination in TIB was with the immersion period of 30 min every 6 h, resulting in the most formation of shoots and fresh biomass weight increment up to nearly threefold in 6 weeks. Thereafter, plantlets formation in TIB with immersion period of 10 min and 30 min every 6 h exhibited similar performances in producing more plantlets with higher total fresh weight and better vigor than those of 3 min every 6 h. However, there were more rooted plantlets in the TIB with immersion period of 10 min every 6 h. Based on the results, an in vitro propagation protocol via somatic embryogenesis in TIB has been successfully developed for mass propagation of date palm cv. Zambli, which produced plantlets with good vigor and rooting.

Rapid In Vitro Propagation of Bioenergy Crop Miscanthus Sacchariflorus

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Hai Peng Guo ◽  
Ruo Xuan Shao ◽  
Chun Tao Hong ◽  
Heng Kang Hu ◽  
Bing Song Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Rapid Propagation ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus

Miscanthus sacchariflorus is an important perennial bioenergy feedstock, but no information is available regarding plant rapid propagation from in vitro seed grown plantlets. The present study investigates the effects of the types and combination of plant growth regulators on tissue culture system of M. sacchariflorus. Shoot apices from in vitro germinated seedling explants were tested for adventitious shoot proliferation. The highest level of proliferation (proliferation coefficient 11.66) was obtained when shoot apices were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.05 mg L−1 α–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. The highest root number (13.33) and root length (9.67 cm) were obtained when adventitious shoots were cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg L−1 NAA, 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. The efficient plant regeneration system developed here will be helpful for rapid propagation and further genetic improvement in M. sacchariflorus.

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