scholarly journals Copper Sprays—Effects on Apple Fruit Typiness and Market Color Grades

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 756C-756
Author(s):  
Frank J. Peryea ◽  
Rhoda L. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Cu Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Orchards

Late dormant copper (Cu) sprays and mid-summer foliar Cu sprays are being promoted within the Washington apple industry as a means to enhance fruit typiness and red skin color, respectively. While there appears to be theoretical bases for these practices, they have not been tested for horticultural significance. Differential late dormant spray treatments of Cu hydroxide (the Cu source most commonly recommended by agricultural consultants) were imposed in two `Delicious' orchards. Flower cluster Cu was positively related to Cu rate, but the sprays had no effect on leaf Cu or on six fruit typiness variables. Differential mid-summer spray treatments of water, Cu sulfate, and Cu oxysulfate solutions were imposed in three `Delicious' orchards and one `Fuji' orchard. The Cu sprays increased leaf Cu, but had no effect on market color grade measured using a commercial color sorter. The results appear to reflect Cu physicochemistry and timing of application. These preliminary results call into question the utility of the Cu sprays for improving apple fruit quality characteristics when trees show no visual signs of Cu deficiency. They do suggest some alternative ways to manage Cu nutrition in deciduous tree fruit orchards.

COMPOSITIONAL AND FRUIT QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS IN APPLE FRUIT AND LEAVES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
F. B. Johnston ◽  
Madeleine M. Hammill ◽  
L. P. Spangelo ◽  
R. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Leaf Composition

Leaf composition, fruit composition and physical characteristics of the fruit were compared in a series of cultivars and scab-resistant selections. Several significant correlations between leaf and fruit composition were found. Those of greatest interest were: free acid–phenol contents; phenol–phenol; total acid–pH (negative correlation); pH–pH. The first two confirm earlier reported findings.Significant relationships between fruit characteristics and leaf analyses were noted. Diameter and depth were negatively correlated with each of leaf sugar content, free acid, total acid and phenol, and positively with pH; quality negatively with free and total acid; precocity (age of tree at bearing) positively with sugar content; and amount of red skin color positively with pH.

scholarly journals Relationship between skin color and some fruit quality characteristics of 'Hass' avocado.

1969 ◽  
Vol 95 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Osuna-García ◽  
Gilles Doyon ◽  
Samuel Salazar-García ◽  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
Isidro J. L. González-Durán
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Hass Avocado

Mexico is the main 'Hass' avocado exporter in the world. More than 300,0001 are exported every year. The United States of America, Japan, the European Union, and Canada are the main importer countries. Recently, 'Hass'avocado shipments to Canada containing fruit with skin blackening have been rejected since this characteristic is associated with low pulp firmness and short shelf life. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between skin color of 'Hass' avocado fruit with quality characteristics. Fruit varying in black skin color (from 0 to 100%, categories 1 to 5) were collected from two different packinghouses in Michoacán, Mexico. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with five replications. Significant differences were detected between packinghouses for weight, length, skin color ('a', ‘b’, chroma and hue) and pulp firmness but not for width, dry matter content or the Avocado Maturity Index (AMI). As color skin category increased towards more blackened fruit, AMI value increased, firmness decreased but dry matter content did not change. These results provide evidence that fruit skin blackening is not associated with lower fruit quality, but it did lower pulp firmness at fruit packing.

scholarly journals 661 Encouraging Flowering and Cropping in Slow-to-bear Tree Fruit with Bioregulators

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 562A-562
Author(s):  
D.C. Elfving
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
To Come

Some cultivars of deciduous tree fruit, especially in apple and pear, tend to come into bearing slowly. Bioregulators have been used to stimulate flowering and cropping in slow-to-crop cultivars, but success has been variable. Improved flowering may not necessarily lead to increased cropping. Reduction in vegetative vigor as a result of bioregulator treatment is often, but not always, associated with increased flowering. Bioregulators that act by interfering with gibberellin biosynthesis or that generate ethylene in plant tissues have proven effective for increasing flowering under a variety of conditions. Few studies have demonstrated that exogenous bioregulator applications to poorly cropping fruit trees can be used to produce sustained and economically significant improvement in fruiting while maintaining satisfactory fruit quality.

scholarly journals Seasonal Applications of a Pyraclostrobin and Boscalid Mixture Do Not Impact Same-year Peach Fruit Quality Attributes

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schnabel ◽  
C.H. Crisosto
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Disease Pressure

Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides can improve the yield and quality of cereal crops in the absence of disease pressure through the so called “greening effect,” but little is known about the potential beneficial effects on deciduous tree fruit crops. In a multiyear and multicultivar study carried out in South Carolina (2005 and 2006) and California (2006), we examined the potential influence of the QoI fungicide pyraclostrobin on antioxidant activity and commercially important peach (Prunus persica) fruit quality attributes, including fruit size, coloration, firmness, soluble solids concentration, and yield. Experimental orchards were sprayed according to commercial guidelines to manage insect pests and diseases. A pyraclostrobin + boscalid mixture was applied up to five times per season starting 1 week after the physiological stage of “shuck off” until 1 to 2 weeks before harvest. Fruit size was measured weekly between “shuck off” and harvest, whereas the other fruit quality attributes were determined at harvest. Results indicate no consistent impact of the pyraclostrobin + boscalid mixture on same-year fruit size development or other fruit quality attributes in orchards with no or very little disease pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth evaluation of the potential effects of a QoI fungicide on commercially important tree fruit quality attributes.

scholarly journals A Fruit Quality Survey of Peach Cultivars Grown in the Southeastern United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Belisle ◽  
Uyen T.X. Phan ◽  
Koushik Adhikari ◽  
Dario J. Chavez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cultivar Differences

Peach (Prunus persica) production in the southeastern United States extends from mid-May to mid-September. There are ≈60 peach cultivars commercially grown. Each cultivar has unique fruit quality characteristics, which could influence consumer perception and likability. The present study is a survey of chemical and physical characteristics of mature, commercially grown, fresh peaches in Georgia. A collection of 30 cultivars was evaluated in 2015 and 2016 for soluble solids concentration (SSC), total titratable acidity (TTA), SSC/TTA ratio, texture (compression, puncture, and Kramer shear), and skin and flesh color (CIE L*, chroma, and hue color space values). There was significant variation between seasons for all variables (P < 0.05) except for TTA (P = 0.12), and flesh hue values (P = 0.38). Statistical differences among cultivars within each year were reported for all variables (P < 0.0001). SSC showed variation seasonally and among cultivars, whereas TTA variation was mainly attributed to cultivar differences. Similarly, cultivar-to-cultivar differences were found when comparing the different texture tests evaluated with cultivars such as Goldprince, Early August Prince, Flameprince, Majestic, and Red Globe having the most variation between seasons. Other cultivars analyzed had little variation between seasons. Moreover, firmness differences observed across the three texture tests were inconsistent. In peach skin color, significant variation was observed for L*, chroma, and hue among cultivars. Skin hue and chroma were highly correlated within each season (r = 0.77 for 2015, r = 0.72 for 2016). The results of this survey demonstrate the variation of quality characteristics for a large selection of peach cultivars grown in Georgia. The information reported in this paper will be used as a baseline for further examining and understanding peach fruit quality.

scholarly journals Consumer preference for apples: the role of attributes influencing the choice and consumption

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
D. D. Miller ◽  
E. E. Duarte ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Importance Rating ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fruit Samples

Consumers consider good quality fruits to be those that look good, are firm and offer good flavour and nutritive value. Nowadays. consumers are. however, increasingly  interested  in food qualities which  cannot  be discovered  by  looking. tasting or smelling  the products but their roles are not yet really cleared up. Therefore. the objective of this sllldy was to explore the importance of selected kinds of attributes (taste. size, colour, cu ltivar, origin and price) in fluencing the choice of apples of customers. In accordance with several authors, fruit qualities (taste, size and colour) seemed to be the major attributics influencing the choice of apple independently of people's age and gender. However, the size of fruit had lower importance w ith increased age. Generally, females gave higher importance rating for most attributes than did male . The price was getting more important for consumer's choice with age which can be connected with their socioeconomic situation. The origin of fruit and the cultivar did not have important influence on consumer's choice. Authors a lso investigated the preference of consumers for six selected apple varieties ('Jonagold ', 'ldared', 'Royal Gala'. 'Golden Reinders'. 'Braeburn '. and 'Granny Smith '). ancl pointed out the role of the origin in fruit quality and in choice of apple in the case of 'Granny Smith · cultivar. Apple fruit samples from Austria, Argentina, Chile, Hungary and South Africa were involved in this study. Authors evaluated fruit quality parameters of above cu l t ivars and compared them to consumer preference. Consumer preference usually represented the quality att ributes of the fruit well. It is also concluded t hat degree of liking of apple cult ivars varies through gender and age. Children and young consumers preferred 'Royal Gala', 'Granny Smith ·and 'Braeburn '. mostly. In spite of 'Idared' is one of the cultivars grown on the largest area in Hungary, the lowest preference ra t ings were given for it in bot h gender categories. Middle-aged consumers (between 25 and 50 years or age) preferred crispy apples with red or blemished skin color ('Royal Gala·, and 'Jonagold'). 'Jonagold' and 'Idared ' were the most preferred cultivars for the consumers above the age of 50 likely because of their relatively low price, as pr ice plays a significant influencing role in the purchase of these consumers. The relat ively expensive and soury 'Granny Smith ' appeared not rea lly preferred by this age group. I n spite of the significant differences in instrumentally measured fru it quality parameters among 'Granny Smith' fruit samples from different countries, consumers did not give significantly different preference rat ing scores for those.

PHENOLOGY OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Jorgensen ◽  
R. E. Rice ◽  
S. C. Hoyt ◽  
P. H. Westigard
Keyword(s):  
Western United States ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Male Activity ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

AbstractPhenological events associated with control of San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)) in deciduous tree fruit orchards of the western United States were modeled, using the Predictive Extension Timing Estimator (PETE). The model closely simulated adult male activity and first crawler emergence, although spring male emergence was too variable to rely entirely on accumulated degree days from 1 January for management decisions. Pheromone monitoring of spring males improves timing for control of subsequent crawlers when a biofix of 275°D from 1 January is used.

scholarly journals 1023 MANAGING BORON NUTRITION IN DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT ORCHARDS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 575a-575
Author(s):  
Frank J. Peryea
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient that is often in inadequate supply in many deciduous tree fruit orchards and must therefore be added as fertilizer. It can also occur at phytotoxic levels because of over-fertilization, use of high-B irrigation water, or naturally in arid soils that are natively high in B. Tree B status is usually characterized by leaf analysis although other diagnostic criteria are being evaluated. Several tests are used to characterize soil B status. Symptoms of B deficiency include blossom blast, poor fruit set and development, shortened internodes, terminal bud death, and shoot dieback. To ameliorate deficiency, B fertilizer may be broadcast or sprayed over the soil surface or sprayed on tree canopies. In some regions, maintenance applications of B fertilizer are made to prevent development of B deficiency. Sodium borates or orthoboric acid are usually used. Fertilizer rates and timing vary with location and farming practices. Symptoms of B excess include reduced or no yield, impaired fruit quality, leaf marginal chlorosis and necrosis, defoliation, and shoot dieback. Boron toxicity is alleviated by leaching B-enriched soil to move B below the root zone.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document