cu deficiency
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Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4044
Author(s):  
Vishwanath Pattan ◽  
Maria Mercedes Chang Villacreses ◽  
Rudruidee Karnchanasorn ◽  
Ken C. Chiu ◽  
Raynald Samoa

Trace elements play an important role in metabolism. We compared the daily intake and serum concentrations of copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) across a spectrum of glucose tolerance status in a representative U.S. population. Daily intake and serum concentrations of Cu, Zn and Se in 5087 adults from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined and compared to normal (NGT) and abnormal (AGT) glucose tolerance and the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Other than Zn deficiency (21.15%), the prevalence of Zn, Se, and Cu excess and Se and Cu deficiency were low (<4.00%). As compared to the NGT group, Cu and Se supplementation was higher in the AGT and DM groups (p < 0.0001 for all). Serum Se and Zn, but not Cu, concentrations were highly correlated with daily intake (p < 0.0001 for both). As compared to the NGT group, serum Cu concentration was highest in the AGT group (p = 0.03), serum Se concentration was highest in the DM group (p < 0.0001), and serum Zn concentration was highest in the AGT group (p < 0.0001). Serum Se and Zn concentration was correlated with daily Se and Zn intake. Even within the reference range for serum Cu, Se, and Zn concentrations, a higher serum concentration of Cu, Se, and Zn was associated with abnormal glucose metabolism. Although the casual relationship remains to be elucidated, these data suggest caution in Cu, Se and Zn supplementation in non-deficient individuals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Bernal ◽  
Ute Krämer

Numerous central biological processes depend on the participation of the essential elements iron (Fe) or copper (Cu), including photosynthesis, respiration, cell wall remodeling and oxidative stress protection. Yet, both Fe and Cu metal cations can become toxic when accumulated in excess. Because of the potent ligand-binding and redox chemistries of these metals, there is a need for the tight and combined homeostatic control of their uptake and distribution. Several known examples pinpoint an inter-dependence of Fe and Cu homeostasis in eukaryotes, mostly in green algae, yeast and mammals, but this is less well understood in multicellular plants to date. In Arabidopsis, Cu deficiency causes secondary Fe deficiency, and this is associated with reduced in vitro ferroxidase activity and decreased root-to-shoot Fe translocation. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the cross-talk between Cu and Fe homeostasis and present a partial characterization of LACCASE12 (LAC12) that encodes a member of the multicopper oxidase (MCO) protein family in Arabidopsis. LAC12 transcript levels increase under Fe deficiency. The phenotypic characterization of two mutants carrying T-DNA insertions suggests a role of LAC12 in root-to-shoot Fe partitioning and in maintaining growth on Fe-deficient substrates. A molecular understanding of the complex interactions between Fe and Cu will be important for combating Fe deficiency in crops and for advancing biofortification approaches.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Schulten ◽  
Bjoern Pietzenuk ◽  
Julia Quintana ◽  
Marcus Krause ◽  
Regina Feil ◽  
...  

Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for ATP production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase remained unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Contrary to the wild type, supplementing Cu-deficient media with exogenous sugar failed to stimulate growth of spl7-1. The spl7-1 mutant accumulated carbohydrates including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, also under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Late flowering of spl7 1 was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TOR and SnRK1 kinase signaling in spl7-1 suggested against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptomics identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including FE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1) and uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help to increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils.


Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Sherleen Xue-Fu Adamson ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Zeynep Sena Agim ◽  
Sarah Du ◽  
Sheila Fleming ◽  
...  

Disrupted systemic copper (Cu) homeostasis underlies neurodegenerative diseases with early symptoms including olfactory dysfunction. This study investigated the impact of Cu dyshomeostasis on olfactory function, adult neurogenesis, and neurochemical balance. Models of Cu deficiency (CuD) and Cu overload (CuO) were established by feeding adult rats with Cu-restricted diets plus ip. injection of a Cu chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate) and excess Cu, respectively. CuD reduced Cu levels in the olfactory bulb (OB), subventricular zone (SVZ), rostral migratory stream (RMS), and striatum, while CuO increased Cu levels in these areas. The buried pellet test revealed both CuD and CuO prolonged the latency to uncover food. CuD increased neural proliferation and stem cells in the SVZ and newly differentiated neurons in the OB, whereas CuO caused opposite alterations, suggesting a “switch”-type function of Cu in regulating adult neurogenesis. CuO increased GABA in the OB, while both CuD and CuO reduced DOPAC, HVA, 5-HT and the DA turnover rate in olfactory-associated brain regions. Altered mRNA expression of Cu transport and storage proteins in tested brain areas were observed under both conditions. Together, results support an association between systemic Cu dyshomeostasis and olfactory dysfunction. Specifically, altered adult neurogenesis along the SVZ-RMS-OB pathway and neurochemical imbalance could be the factors that may contribute to olfactory dysfunction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9547
Author(s):  
Ana Perea-García ◽  
Amparo Andrés-Bordería ◽  
Peter Huijser ◽  
Lola Peñarrubia

As an essential nutrient, copper (Cu) scarcity causes a decrease in agricultural production. Cu deficiency responses include the induction of several microRNAs, known as Cu-miRNAs, which are responsible for degrading mRNAs from abundant and dispensable cuproproteins to economize copper when scarce. Cu-miRNAs, such as miR398 and miR408 are conserved, as well as the signal transduction pathway to induce them under Cu deficiency. The Arabidopsis thaliana SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) family member SPL7 binds to the cis-regulatory motifs present in the promoter regions of genes expressed under Cu deficiency, including Cu-miRNAs. The expression of several other SPL transcription factor family members is regulated by miR156. This regulatory miR156-SPL module plays a crucial role in developmental phase transitions while integrating internal and external cues. Here, we show that Cu deficiency also affects miR156 expression and that SPL3 overexpressing plants, resistant to miR156 regulation, show a severe decrease in SPL7-mediated Cu deficiency responses. These include the expression of Cu-miRNAs and their targets and is probably due to competition between SPL7 and miR156-regulated SPL3 in binding to cis-regulatory elements in Cu-miRNA promoters. Thus, the conserved SPL7-mediated Cu-miRNA pathway could generally be affected by the miR156-SPL module, thereby underscoring the integration of the Cu-miRNA pathway with developmental and environmental stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Meghan P. Thorndyke ◽  
Octavio Guimaraes ◽  
Maddie J. Kistner ◽  
John J. Wagner ◽  
Terry E. Engle

The majority of Mo research has focused on the antagonist effect of Mo, alone or in combination with elevated dietary S, on Cu absorption and metabolism in ruminants. Diets containing both >5.0 mg of Mo/kg DM and >0.33% S have been reported to reduce the Cu status in cattle and sheep. Therefore, due to the potential for inducing Cu deficiency, Mo and S concentrations in the diet should be monitored and kept within appropriate values. Elevated sulfate concentrations in drinking water can also be detrimental to livestock production, especially in ruminants. High concentrations of sulfate in water have been extensively studied in cattle because high-sulfate water induces polioencephalomalacia in ruminants. However, little research has been conducted investigating the impact of Mo in water on Cu metabolism in ruminants. Based on the limited number of published experiments, it appears that Mo in drinking water may have a lower antagonistic impact on the Cu status in cattle when compared to Mo consumed in the diet. This response may be due to a certain percentage of water bypassing the rumen when consumed by ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this review was to examine the impact of Mo in drinking water on cattle performance and Mo and Cu metabolism.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1864
Author(s):  
Carina Helmer ◽  
Regina Hannemann ◽  
Esther Humann-Ziehank ◽  
Sven Kleinschmidt ◽  
Mareike Koelln ◽  
...  

To the author’s knowledge this paper describes the first proven report of a combined primary molybdenosis, secondary copper (Cu) deficiency, Ovine White Liver Disease—Cobalt (Co) deficiency, and selenium (Se) deficiency in a small pedigree herd of White Horned Heath sheep in Germany (8 ewes, 2 rams, 3 yearling ewes, 17 lambs) for decades. Clinical signs associated with these mineral deficiencies in a group of pastured ram lambs included emaciation, conjunctivitis, anaemia, growth retardation, discolouration of the wool and photodermatitis. Morbidities and mortalities arose in 4–6-month-old lambs despite intensive veterinary treatment in the summer of 2014 and 2015 (n = 13, 23% died). Se (3/5), Cu (4/7), and Co (3/3) deficiencies in combination with elevated values for Molybdenum (Mo, 2/2) were found. Hamburg is a large industrial city and an input of heavy metals from surrounding industries and coal-fired power stations in combination with a sandy, non-fertilised soil and monoculture grass species might offer a potential explanation for the severity of mineral deficiencies observed in this herd.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5071
Author(s):  
Bowen Zhai ◽  
Kui Zhao ◽  
Fuyuan Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Shen

The Przewalski’s Gazelles (P. przewalskii) are affected by disorders that are characterized by deprived appetites, pica, emaciation and dyskinesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of high molybdenum (Mo) in forage leading to copper (Cu) deprivation. The mineral contents in forage, soil, and samples of hair and blood from affected ranges were compared to healthy pasture. Blood parameters were also determined. Our results showed that the mean content of Mo in forage and soil in studied pasture was 5.17 and 4.17 μg/g, respectively. The Cu to Mo ratio in forage from affected and healthy areas was 1.26 and 5.89 μg/g, respectively. The Cu concentrations in hair and blood from gazelles in affected pasture were extremely lower (p < 0.01) than those in unaffected animals. The Mo contents in hair were higher (p < 0.01) than those in unaffected gazelles. The levels of Hb, RBC, PCV, MCV, and MCH in unaffected gazelles were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than those in unaffected gazelles. The levels of TP, ALB and GLB in blood were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than those in unaffected gazelles, while the levels of AST, LDH, CPK and ALP in serum were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those in unaffected gazelles. The activities in serum T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in affected gazelles were extremely lower (p < 0.01) than those in unaffected gazelles, while MDA was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that in unaffected gazelles. Supplementation in copper sulphate (CuSO4) has prevented and cured this disorder. In summary, high molybdenum in feed and soil may lead to secondary Cu deficiency in gazelles, which can be alleviated by supplement of copper sulfate.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Shady Abdel Mottaleb ◽  
Ahmed Z. A. Hassan ◽  
Reham El-Bahbohy ◽  
Abdel Wahab M. Mahmoud

Sandy soils with high alkalinity are characterized by low copper (Cu) contents that lead to many deficiency symptoms in plants. Cu deficiency in plants can be corrected using several cheap Cu sources. Nevertheless, the effects that novel sources, such as Cu nanoparticles (NPs), have on plants remain poorly studied. In the present work, we investigated the effect and efficiency of Cu supplementation to onion (Allium cepa L.) plants using Cu sulfate, chelate, or NPs, and compared their effects on bulb quality, yield, and contents of phytochemicals. Two successive seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) of field experiments were conducted in newly reclaimed sandy soils, where plants were sprayed with either 10 ppm CuO NPs, 20 ppm CuSO4·5H2O, or 20 ppm of Cu chelates. Overall, Cu deficiency (control) resulted in a significant decrease in yield and all quality traits of onion plants. CuO NPs treatment significantly enhanced growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight, yield, and bulb quality, compared with Cu sulfate and chelates. This was also the case regarding chemical constituents such as macro- and micro-nutrients, total soluble solids, phytochemical compounds, vitamins, and amino acids. Although Cu sulfate is the cheapest form used for Cu supplementation, results of the present study suggest that CuO NPs was not only safe to use, but also was the treatment that led to the highest onion yield and quality.


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