scholarly journals Gas Exchange and Growth of Two Transplanted, Field-grown Tree Species in an Arid Climate

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-768
Author(s):  
Thayne Montague ◽  
Roger Kjelgren ◽  
Larry Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Vapor Pressure Difference ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential

Gas exchange and growth of transplanted and nontransplanted, field-grown Norway maple (Acer platanoides L. `Schwedleri') and littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill. `Greenspire') trees were investigated in an arid climate. In the spring of 1995, three trees of each species were moved with a tree spade to a new location within a field nursery and three nontransplanted trees were selected as controls. Predawn leaf water potential, morning-to-evening stomatal conductance and leaf temperature, leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference, midday stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and growth data were collected over a 2-year period. After transplanting, weekly predawn leaf water potential indicated that transplanted trees were under greater water stress than were nontransplanted (control) trees. However, predawn leaf water potential of maple trees recovered to control levels 18 weeks after transplanting, while that of transplanted linden trees remained more negative than that of controls. In 1995, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rates were lower throughout the day for transplanted trees. In 1996, gas exchange rates of transplanted maple trees recovered to near control levels while rates for transplanted linden trees did not. Sensitivity of stomata to leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference varied with species and with transplant treatment. Each year transplanted trees of both species had less apical growth than did control trees. Although gas exchange and apical growth of transplanted trees was reduced following transplanting, recovery of gas exchange to control rates differed with species.

scholarly journals Water status and gas exchange of umbu plants (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) propagated by seeds and stem cuttings

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Moacir Pinheiro Lima Filho
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Stem Cuttings

The experiment was carried out at the Embrapa Semi-Árido, Petrolina-PE, Brazil, in order to study the physiological responses of umbu plants propagated by seeds and by stem cuttings under water stress conditions, based on leaf water potential and gas exchange measurements. Data were collected in one-year plants established in pots containing 30 kg of a sandy soil and submitted to twenty-day progressive soil water deficit. The evaluations were based on leaf water potential and gas exchange data collection using psychrometric chambers and a portable infra-red gas analyzer, respectively. Plants propagated by seeds maintained a significantly higher water potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis under decreasing soil water availability. However, plants propagated by stem cuttings were unable to maintain a favorable internal water balance, reflecting negatively on stomatal conductance and leaf gas exchange. This fact is probably because umbu plants propagated by stem cuttings are not prone to formation of root tubers which are reservoirs for water and solutes. Thus, the establishing of umbu plants propagated by stem cuttings must be avoided in areas subjected to soil water deficit.

scholarly journals Growth and Water Relations of Littleleaf Linden Trees Established in Irrigated Buffalograss and Kentucky Bluegrass

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1529-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Stewart ◽  
Roger Kjelgren ◽  
Paul G. Johnson ◽  
Michael R. Kuhns
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Second Year

Although transplanted trees typically establish and grow without incident in frequently irrigated turfgrass, their performance in precisely irrigated turfgrass in an arid climate is not known. We investigated the effect of precision irrigation scheduling on growth and water relations of balled-and-burlapped littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill. `Greenspire') planted in buffalograss (Buchloë dactyloides [Nutt.] Engelm. `Tatanka') and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Over 2 years, trees in turfgrass were irrigated either by frequent replacement based on local reference evapotranspiration, or precision irrigated by estimating depletion of soil water to the point of incipient water stress for each turfgrass species. Predawn leaf water potential and stomatal conductance of trees were measured during first-year establishment, and predawn leaf water potential was measured during a mid-season water-deficit period during the second year. Trunk diameter growth and total tree leaf area were measured at the end of each year. Values of predawn leaf water potential and stomatal conductance of trees in precision-irrigated buffalograss were lower (–0.65 MPa, 25.3 mmol·m–2·s–1) than those of trees in the other treatments near the end of the first growing season. The longer interval between precision irrigations resulted in mild water stress, but was not manifested in growth differences among trees across treatments during the first season. During the water-deficit period of the second year, there was no evidence of stress among the trees regardless of treatment. At the end of the second season, total leaf area of trees grown in precision-irrigated kentucky bluegrass (1.10 ± 0.34 m2) was 46% of that of trees grown in buffalograss (2.39 ± 0.82 m2) that were irrigated frequently. Trunk diameter growth of trees in frequently irrigated kentucky bluegrass (1.91 ± 2.65 mm) was 29% of that of the trees grown in buffalograss (6.68 ± 1.68 mm), regardless of irrigation treatment, suggesting a competition effect from kentucky bluegrass. We conclude that frequent irrigation of balled-and-burlapped trees in turfgrass, particularly buffalograss, is more conducive to tree health during establishment than is maximizing the interval between turfgrass irrigation. Regardless of irrigation schedule, kentucky bluegrass appears to impact tree growth severely during establishment in an arid climate.

scholarly journals TRANSPLANTING AND ORGANIC MULCH AFFECT GAS EXCHANGE AND GROWTH OF FIELD GROWN RED OAK (QUERCUS SHUMARDII BUCKLI.)

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 497C-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Bonds ◽  
Thayne Montague
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Quercus Shumardii

Balled in burlaped is a common method for moving large trees into landscapes and affects of transplanting on tree gas exchange and growth has been documented. Organic mulch provides many benefits and is often recommended for landscapes. Because little research has been conducted on affects organic mulch has on gas exchange and growth of transplanted and non-transplanted trees, this research investigated the effects transplanting and organic mulch have on gas exchange and growth of field grown red oak (Quercus shumardii) trees. In March 2003, 12 multi-trunked trees were selected from a tree farm near Lubbock, Texas, and six trees were dug using a tree spade and placed in their original location. Mulch at a depth of 10 cm was placed around the rootball of 3 transplanted and 3 nontransplanted trees and maintained at this depth the remainder of the experiment. Over the next three growing seasons predawn leaf water potential and midday stomatal conductance were measured on each tree every 1 to 3 weeks. At the end of every growing season shoot elongation, stem caliper and subsample leaf area were recorded. Our data indicates transplanting has a negative affect on gas exchange and growth of red oak. Each growing season gas exchange, shoot growth, and subsample leaf area were less for transplanted trees when compared to nontransplanted trees. Mulch also influenced gas exchange and growth of these trees. For nontransplanted trees with mulch, gas exchange and growth were reduced when compared to nonmulched, nontransplanted trees. For transplanted trees with mulch, predawn leaf water potential was less negative and subsample leaf area was greater when compared to transplanted trees with out mulch.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of water deficit on two oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Jazayeri ◽  
Yurany Dayanna Rivera ◽  
Jhonatan Eduardo Camperos-Reyes ◽  
Hernán Mauricio Romero
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Physiological Effects

Water supply is the main limiting factor that affects oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) yield. This study aimed to evaluate the gas exchange and photosynthetic capacity, determine the physiological effects and assess the tolerance potential of oil palm genotypes under water-deficit conditions. The two oil palm commercial genotypes IRHO1001 and IRHO7010 were exposed to soil water potentials of -0.042 MPa (field capacity or well-watered) or -1.5 MPa (drought-stressed). The leaf water potential and gas exchange parameters, including photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and water use efficiency (WUE), as well as the photosynthesis reduction rate were monitored at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The IRHO7010 genotype showed fewer photosynthesis changes and a smaller photosynthetic reduction under the prolonged water deficit conditions of 23% at 4 weeks after the treatment as compared to 53% at 8 weeks after treatment, but the IRHO1001 genotype showed 46% and 74% reduction at the two sampling times. 'IRHO7010' had a higher stomatal conductance and transpiration potential than 'IRHO1001' during the water shortage. The WUE and leaf water potential were not different between the genotypes during dehydration. The data suggested that 'IRHO7010' had a higher photosynthetic capacity during the drought stress and was more drought-tolerant than 'IRHO1001'.

scholarly journals Effect of Half and Whole Root Drying on Photosynthesis, Nitrate Concentration, and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Roots and Leaves of Micropropagated Apple Plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ying Zhao ◽  
Li Jun Wang ◽  
Pei Ge Fan ◽  
Zhan Wu Dai ◽  
Shao Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Root Stress

Half or whole root systems of micropropagated `Gala' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) plants were subjected to drought stress by regulating the osmotic potential of the nutrient solution using polyethylene glycol (20% w/v) to investigate the effect of root drying on NO3- content and metabolism in roots and leaves and on leaf photosynthesis. No significant difference in predawn leaf water potential was found between half root stress (HRS) and control (CK), while predawn leaf water potential from both was significantly higher than for the whole root stress (WRS) treatment. However, diurnal leaf water potential of HRS was lower than CK and higher than WRS during most of the daytime. Neither HRS nor WRS influenced foliar NO3- concentration, but both significantly reduced NO3- concentration in drought-stressed roots as early as 4 hours after stress treatment started. This reduced NO3- concentration was maintained in HRS and WRS roots to the end of the experiment. However, there were no significant differences in NO3- concerntation between CK roots and unstressed roots of HRS. Similar to the effect on root NO3- concentration, both HRS and WRS reduced nitrate reductase activity in drought-stressed roots. Moreover, leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of HRS plants were reduced significantly throughout the experiment when compared with CK plants, but the values were higher than those of WRS plants in the first 7 days of stress treatment though not at later times. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were correlated to root NO3- concentration. This correlation may simply reflect the fact that water stress affected both NO3- concentration in roots and leaf gas exchange in the same direction.

scholarly journals Gas Exchange and Growth of Transplanted and Nontransplanted Field-grown Shumard Red Oak Trees Grown with and without Organic Mulch

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thayne Montague ◽  
Lindsey Fox
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Oak Trees

Gas exchange and growth of transplanted and nontransplanted, mulched and nonmulched field-grown Shumard red oak trees (Quercus shumardii Buckli.) were investigated in a semiarid climate. In Spring 2003, 12 field-grown trees were selected for uniformity. Six trees were moved with a tree spade and six trees were undisturbed. In addition, pine bark mulch was applied around three randomly selected transplant and nontransplant trees. Soil volumetric water content, predawn leaf water potential, midday stomatal conductance (g S) and leaf temperature, and growth data were collected over three consecutive growing seasons. Throughout the experiment, weekly predawn leaf water potential and g S data indicate transplanted trees with and without mulch were under greater water stress when compared with nontransplanted trees. In addition, nontransplanted trees with mulch were under greater stress when compared with nontransplanted trees without mulch. Each year, transplanted trees and nontransplanted trees with mulch had less apical growth when compared with nontransplanted trees without mulch. Although gas exchange and apical growth of transplanted trees and nontransplanted mulched trees tended to increase each growing season, by experiment termination, gas exchange and apical growth for transplanted trees and nontransplanted trees with mulch did not recover to nontransplanted, nonmulch tree levels.

scholarly journals Regulation of branch-level gas exchange of boreal trees: roles of shoot water potential and vapor pressure difference

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.-L. Dang ◽  
H. A. Margolis ◽  
M. R. Coyea ◽  
M. Sy ◽  
G. J. Collatz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Vapor Pressure Difference

scholarly journals The Effect of Grapevine Age (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Zinfandel) on Phenology and Gas Exchange Parameters over Consecutive Growing Seasons

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Vegas Riffle ◽  
Nathaniel Palmer ◽  
L. Federico Casassa ◽  
Jean Catherine Dodson Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Unlike most crop industries, there is a strongly held belief within the wine industry that increased vine age correlates with quality. Considering this perception could be explained by vine physiological differences, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vine age on phenology and gas exchange parameters. An interplanted, dry farmed, Zinfandel vineyard block under consistent management practices in the Central Coast of California was evaluated over two consecutive growing seasons. Treatments included Young vines (5 to 12 years old), Control (representative proportion of young to old vines in the block), and Old vines (40 to 60 years old). Phenology, leaf water potential, and gas exchange parameters were tracked. Results indicated a difference in phenological progression after berry set between Young and Old vines. Young vines progressed more slowly during berry formation and more rapidly during berry ripening, resulting in Young vines being harvested before Old vines due to variation in the timing of sugar accumulation. No differences in leaf water potential were found. Young vines had higher mid-day stomatal conductance and tended to have higher mid-day photosynthetic rates. The results of this study suggest vine age is a factor in phenological timing and growing season length.

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