scholarly journals (123) Performance of Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx) Cultivars in Mississippi

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069A-1069
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Stringer ◽  
Donna A. Marshall ◽  
James M. Spiers ◽  
Blair J. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Flower Type ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Muscadines are grapes indigenous to the Southeastern United States, and they are highly prized for their unique fruity flavors. Factors including skin color, berry size, skin thickness, flower type, productivity, etc., vary among muscadine grape cultivars, making some cultivars more desirable for fresh market while others are better suited for processing and prodction of juice, jelly, and wine. A muscadine grape research vineyard was established in McNeil, Miss., in 1992 containing 37 named cultivars and numerous breeding lines. Performance of these cultivars was evaluated in 2001–2003 and results of these trials are presented.

scholarly journals Effect of Field Fungicide Applications on Storability, Physicochemical, and Nutraceutical Content of Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1315-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek W. Barchenger ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Renee T. Threlfall ◽  
Luke R. Howard ◽  
Cindi R. Brownmiller
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Muscadine Grape

A major limiting factor in fresh-market muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) commercialization is fruit deterioration during storage. Research on table grapes has shown that field fungicide applications increase storability, but little is known of their effect on muscadines. The effect of field applications of fungicides on physicochemical attributes during postharvest storage and nutraceutical content at date of harvest was evaluated on five muscadine cultivars (Nesbitt, Southern Jewel, Summit, Supreme, and Tara) and four breeding selections from the University of Arkansas Fruit Breeding Program in 2012 and 2013. There were two field treatments (no fungicide and fungicide). For the fungicide treatment, alternating applications of two fungicides were applied to the vine at 14-day intervals during berry maturation. Fruit was harvested and physicochemical attributes including berry volume, titratable acidity (TA), pH, soluble solids (%), color (L, chroma, and hue), firmness (force to penetrate berry skins and flesh), storage weight loss (%), and unmarketable fruit (%) were evaluated every 7 days for 3 weeks. Whole muscadine berries were analyzed for nutraceutical content only for the date of harvest. As a result of less decay, less weight loss, and greater firmness during storage, AM 27, ‘Southern Jewel’, and ‘Supreme’ had the highest potential for postharvest storage, whereas AM 01, AM 15, and ‘Tara’ had the least potential. Nutraceutical content varied by genotypes; overall AM 27 had the highest nutraceutical content [sum of anthocyanins, total phenolics, flavonols, resveratrol, and oxygen radical absorbane capacity (ORAC)], whereas ‘Supreme’ and AM 28 had the lowest. Total anthocyanins were only found in the black genotypes and total phenolics and resveratrol were unaffected by fungicide treatment. Total ellagitannins varied among the fungicide treatments. Total flavonols were generally greater in the no fungicide treatments, whereas ORAC was generally greater with fungicide treatments. Year of study and genotype were determined to be major contributors as sources of variation. Although field fungicide applications did not affect all postharvest attributes and nutraceutical components, differences among genotypes and fungicide treatments did occur.

scholarly journals The Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Andersen ◽  
Ali Sarkhosh ◽  
Dustin Huff ◽  
Jacque Breman
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Muscadine Grapes

The muscadine grape is native to the southeastern United States and was the first native grape species to be cultivated in North America. The natural range of muscadine grapes extends from Delaware to central Florida and occurs in all states along the Gulf Coast to east Texas. It also extends northward along the Mississippi River to Missouri. Muscadine grapes will perform well throughout Florida, although performance is poor in calcareous soils or in soils with very poor drainage. Most scientists divide the Vitis genus into two subgenera: Euvitis (the European, Vitis vinifera L. grapes and the American bunch grapes, Vitis labrusca L.) and the Muscadania grapes (muscadine grapes). There are three species within the Muscadania subgenera (Vitis munsoniana, Vitis popenoei and Vitis rotundifolia). Euvitis and Muscadania have somatic chromosome numbers of 38 and 40, respectively. Vines do best in deep, fertile soils, and they can often be found in beside river beds.  Wild muscadine grapes are functionally dioecious due to incomplete stamen formation in female vines and incomplete pistil formation in male vines. Male vines account for the majority of the wild muscadine grape population. Muscadine grapes are late in breaking bud in the spring and require 100-120 days to mature fruit. Typically, muscadine grapes in the wild bear dark fruit with usually 4 to 10 fruit per cluster. Bronze-fruited muscadine grapes are also found in the wild, and they are often referred to as scuppernongs. There are hundreds of named muscadine grape cultivars from improved selections, and in fact, one that has been found in the Scuppernong river of North Carolina has been named Scuppernong. There are over 100 improved cultivars of muscadine grapes that vary in size from 1/4 to 1 ½ inches in diameter and 4 to 15 grams in weight. Skin color ranges from light bronze to pink to purple to black. Flesh is clear and translucent for all muscadine grape berries. Originally published 1994 by Peter C. Anderson and Timothy E. Crocker. Published on EDIS June 2003. Revised November 2010, October 2013, January 2017. This revision with Sarkhosh and Huff.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Dates and Variety on Maturity and Yield of Southernpea

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 462C-462
Author(s):  
C.H. Becker ◽  
T.E. Morelock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Late Maturity

Southernpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a popular home garden, fresh-market, and processing vegetable in the southeastern United States. Processing schedules are normally controlled by planting the same variety at different dates. Difference in genetic maturity would allow growers to stagger harvest dates by planting different maturity peas on the same day and allow genotype to alter harvest dates. This procedure would allow growers to better utilize available soil moisture and optimum planting dates. Ten southernpea varieties and breeding lines representing early, medium, and late maturity were planted in Kibler, Ark., during the summers of 1994 and 1995. Five different planting dates were used. Flowering dates and days to maturity were recorded and plots were harvested for yield. Results indicate that relative days to maturity can be significantly shortened or lengthened by the time of planting. Varieties planted in early June or early August took longer to mature then when they were planted in late June or early July.

scholarly journals Genotype and Variable Nitrogen Effects on Tuber Yield and Quality for Red Fresh Market Potatoes in Minnesota

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Stefaniak ◽  
Sophia Fitzcollins ◽  
Rachel Figueroa ◽  
Asunta L. Thompson ◽  
Cari Schmitz Carley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
N Rates

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) production generally requires added nitrogen (N), which is costly and potentially environmentally damaging. One path to limiting N application is breeding N efficient potatoes. Effective use of nitrogen, across crops, is typically characterized in terms of yield. However, tuber quality characteristics affect potato marketability, especially for red fresh market potatoes. While optimal N rates maximize yield, the genotype-specific effect of N on tuber quality traits is unclear. In order to highlight quality traits effected by N, identify germplasm with lower N requirements, and determine optimal N rates for red-skinned clones, we conducted a variable N rate experiment over two years in Minnesota. Eight red fresh market genotypes were grown in RCB factorial design with five nitrogen application rates ranging from 0 to 81.6 kg/ha. Best linear unbiased estimates were calculated for yield, skin color, skin set, and tuber shape. The models for yield and quality traits included significant genotype by N rate interaction effects, suggesting that there is variation in the way clones respond to N. Established varieties were more responsive to added N than breeding lines. Similarly, established varieties tended to produce more oblong tubers under higher N conditions, while the breeding lines remained round. Color traits also responded to N in a genotype-specific way, while the interaction effect for other traits depended on unmeasured environmental factors. No clone exhibited increased yield above the 54.4 kg/ha rate. Our results suggest that the 81.6 kg/ha rate produced less favorable phenotypes for all traits.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of Dormant Buds of Two Muscadine Grape Cultivars and of Vitis labrusca L. `Mars'

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
Tony K. Wolf ◽  
M. Kay Warren
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Thermal analysis was used to determine if muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) buds supercool and to determine the seasonal cold hardiness of several grape cultivars grown in Arkansas. Buds of the muscadine cultivars Carlos and Summit, sampled from vines grown at Clarksville, Ark., produced low-temperature exotherms consistent with the number of buds tested. Apparent hardiness of the buds increased from 5 Nov. 1993 through 7 Jan. 1994. Mean low-temperature exotherms (MLTE) were lowest on 7 Jan. and were –21.5C for `Carlos' and –23.4C for `Summit'. `Mars' buds, sampled at Clarksville, Ark., and Winchester, Va., were included in the study and increased in hardiness during the same period. MLTE for `Mars' from Arkansas were similar to those of the muscadine cultivars on 7 Jan.; however, `Mars' attained lower MLTE temperatures with vines grown in Virginia than with those in Arkansas. Location differences in hardiness of `Mars' are conjectural.

scholarly journals Pollination Biology of the Muscadine Grape

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Sampson ◽  
Steve Noffsinger ◽  
Creighton Gupton ◽  
James Magee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Safe Access

Fruit set in the muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) depended on insect cross-pollination, although flowers were well adapted for selfing. Pollinizer cultivars produced about half of their optimal fruit set when selfed, but cross-pollination was needed to reach an optimal fruit set of 33.7%. Eighty-one percent of the overall fruit set in pistillate vines was attributed to insect cross-pollination; wind played only a small role. Diminished fruit set and fewer seeds per berry occurred in cultivars receiving no effective cross-pollination. Components of fruit quality were not profoundly affected by the pollination treatments, although seed set and berry weight in pistillate cultivars was lower in the absence of cross-pollination. Parthenocarpy was rare, except in `Fry Seedless'. Muscadine production throughout the southeastern United States depends on cross-pollination by indigenous insects, particularly bees. To ensure consistently high yields, bees must have safe access to flowers and their nesting sites must be preserved.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of Dormant Muscadine Grape Buds

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 850C-850
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
Tony K. Wolf ◽  
M. Kay Cook
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Thermal analysis was used to determine if muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) buds supercooled and to determine the seasonal cold hardiness of several grape cultivars. Buds of the muscadine cultivars `Carlos' and `Summit', sampled from vines grown at Clarksville, Ark., produced low-temperature exotherms consistent with the number of buds tested. Apparent hardiness of the buds increased from 5 Nov. 1993 through 7 Jan. 1994. Mean low-temperature exotherms (MLTE) were lowest on 7 Jan. and were –21.5C for `Carlos' and –23.4C for `Summit'. Mars (V. labrusca L.) buds, sampled at Clarksville and Winchester, Va., were included in the study, and increased in hardiness during the same period. MLTE temperatures for `Mars' from Arkansas were similar to those of the muscadine cultivars on 7 Jan.; however, `Mars' attained lower MLTE temperatures with vines grown in Virginia compared to those in Arkansas. Location differences may be due to cultural conditions, sample handling, environment or other reasons.

scholarly journals (381) Nutraceutical Profile of Selected Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) Cultivars and Breeding Lines

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068E-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Stringer ◽  
Penelope Perkins-Veazie ◽  
Donna A. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Muscadine Grape

The consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables has always been known to provide essential nutrition to mankind and, both anecdotally and clinically, has been linked to the prevention or alleviation of chronic diseases. The muscadine grape, a fruit native to the southeastern U.S., contains numerous phenolic compounds that act as antioxidants and also other compounds, such as resveratrol, that acts as a chemopreventative. The concentrations of these compounds present in the muscadine grape equal or exceed that known for any other small fruit. Fruit of selected muscadine grape genotypes, including breeding lines and cultivars, were evaluated over a 2-year period to assess the existing genetic base for these nutraceutical compounds. Results demonstrated that concentrations of total phenolics, ellagic acid, and resveratrol differ significantly among cultivars and breeding lines. These results suggest that it should be possible to breed for increased concentrations of the health-promoting compounds in muscadine grapes.

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