scholarly journals Genotype and Variable Nitrogen Effects on Tuber Yield and Quality for Red Fresh Market Potatoes in Minnesota

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Stefaniak ◽  
Sophia Fitzcollins ◽  
Rachel Figueroa ◽  
Asunta L. Thompson ◽  
Cari Schmitz Carley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
N Rates

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) production generally requires added nitrogen (N), which is costly and potentially environmentally damaging. One path to limiting N application is breeding N efficient potatoes. Effective use of nitrogen, across crops, is typically characterized in terms of yield. However, tuber quality characteristics affect potato marketability, especially for red fresh market potatoes. While optimal N rates maximize yield, the genotype-specific effect of N on tuber quality traits is unclear. In order to highlight quality traits effected by N, identify germplasm with lower N requirements, and determine optimal N rates for red-skinned clones, we conducted a variable N rate experiment over two years in Minnesota. Eight red fresh market genotypes were grown in RCB factorial design with five nitrogen application rates ranging from 0 to 81.6 kg/ha. Best linear unbiased estimates were calculated for yield, skin color, skin set, and tuber shape. The models for yield and quality traits included significant genotype by N rate interaction effects, suggesting that there is variation in the way clones respond to N. Established varieties were more responsive to added N than breeding lines. Similarly, established varieties tended to produce more oblong tubers under higher N conditions, while the breeding lines remained round. Color traits also responded to N in a genotype-specific way, while the interaction effect for other traits depended on unmeasured environmental factors. No clone exhibited increased yield above the 54.4 kg/ha rate. Our results suggest that the 81.6 kg/ha rate produced less favorable phenotypes for all traits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Luffa Germplasm Collection for Sponge Yield and Quality

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 602f-602
Author(s):  
Tammy L. Ellington ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Jeanine M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Cell ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

All available luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.) cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction accessions (collectively referred to as cultigens hereafter) were evaluated at Clinton, N.C., over 3 years. Plants were grown in plots 1.5-m-long on a 1.8-m-high trellis. Border rows and tiers on the sides and ends of the trial were used to reduce the edge effect. Plots were planted in May and evaluated for vine height and sex expression. Fruit were harvested in October to determine fruit number and length after frost killed the vines. Sponges were processed from the fruit and evaluated for seed cell number, wall thickness, sponge strength, fiber denseness, and other quality traits. The tallest vined cultigens were PI 286425 and Fletcher, and the shortest vined were PI 381869 and PI 540921. The highest yielding (sponge number per hectare) cultigens were PI 540921 and PI 391603, and the lowest yielding cultigens were Luffa 30310 and Luffa 97321. Of the cultigens tested, PI 391603 had the longest fruit overall, whereas PI 540921 had the shortest.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polyolefin-coated Urea for Potato Production on a Sandy Soil

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Zvomuya ◽  
Carl J. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
N Rates

Field studies were conducted on a Hubbard loamy sand (sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Hapludoll) during 1996 and 1997 at Becker, Minn., to evaluate the effect of a polyolefin-coated urea (POCU) fertilizer (Meister, Chisso Co., Japan) on yield and quality of irrigated `Russet Burbank' potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). The POCU was a 3:1 mixture of 70-day and 50-day release formulations, respectively, based on historical soil temperatures at the site. The study compared five banded nitrogen (N) rates (110, 155, 200, 245, and 290 kg·ha-1 N) as a split application of urea applied at emergence and hilling, vs. POCU applied at planting. All plants received an additional 30 kg·ha-1 N as monoammonium phosphate band-applied at planting. Yields were higher in 1996 because of cooler temperatures and poor tuber set in 1997. Total and marketable yields averaged, respectively, 3.9 and 3.3 Mg·ha-1 higher with POCU than with urea. Total yield was not affected by rate of N application regardless of source, but marketable yield increased linearly with N rate. The yield of marketable tubers larger than 170 g increased linearly with N rate in both years. Gross return was 10% higher with POCU than with urea, but estimated net return showed a significant sourc × N rate interaction. The net return increased by $3.13 per kg of urea-N applied, but there was no significant change across POCU application rates.

scholarly journals Tomato Growth, Yield, and Root Development, Soil Nitrogen and Water Distribution as Affected by Nitrogen and Irrigation Rates on a Florida Sandy Soil

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1744-1755
Author(s):  
Ibukun T. Ayankojo ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
Davie M. Kadyampakeni ◽  
Guodong D. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

Effective nutrient and irrigation management practices are critical for optimum growth and yield in open-field fresh-market tomato production. Although nutrient and irrigation management practices have been well-studied for tomato production in Florida, more studies of the current highly efficient production systems would be considered essential. Therefore, a two-season (Fall 2016 and Spring 2017) study was conducted in Immokalee, FL, to evaluate the effects of the nitrogen (N) rates under different irrigation regimes and to determine the optimum N requirement for open-field fresh-market tomato production. To evaluate productivity, the study investigated the effects of N rates and irrigation regimes on plant and root growth, yield, and production efficiency of fresh-market tomato. The study demonstrated that deficit irrigation (DI) targeting 66% daily evapotranspiration (ET) replacement significantly increased tomato root growth compared with full irrigation (FI) at 100% ET. Similarly, DI application increased tomato growth early in the season compared with FI. Therefore, irrigation applications may be adjusted downward from FI, especially early during a wet season, thereby potentially improving irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) and reducing leaching potential of Florida sandy soils. However, total marketable yield significantly increased under FI compared with DI. This suggests that although DI may increase early plant growth, the application of DI throughout the season may result in yield reduction. Although N application rates had no significant effects on biomass production, tomato marketable yield with an application rate of 134 kg·ha−1 N was significantly lower compared with other N application rates (179, 224, and 269 kg·ha−1). It was also observed that there were no significant yield benefits with N application rates higher than 179 kg·ha−1. During the fall, iWUE was higher under DI (33.57 kg·m−3) than under FI (25.57 kg·m−3); however, iWUE was similar for both irrigation treatments during spring (FI = 14.04 kg·m−3; DI = 15.29 kg·m−3). The N recovery (REC-N) rate was highest with 134 kg·ha−1 N; however, REC-N was similar with 179, 224, and 269 kg·ha−1 N rates during both fall and spring. Therefore, these study results could suggest that DI could be beneficial to tomato production only when applied during early growth stages, but not throughout the growing season. Both yield and efficiency results indicated that the optimum N requirement for open-field fresh-market tomato production in Florida may not exceed 179 kg·ha−1 N.

scholarly journals (123) Performance of Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx) Cultivars in Mississippi

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069A-1069
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Stringer ◽  
Donna A. Marshall ◽  
James M. Spiers ◽  
Blair J. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Flower Type ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Muscadines are grapes indigenous to the Southeastern United States, and they are highly prized for their unique fruity flavors. Factors including skin color, berry size, skin thickness, flower type, productivity, etc., vary among muscadine grape cultivars, making some cultivars more desirable for fresh market while others are better suited for processing and prodction of juice, jelly, and wine. A muscadine grape research vineyard was established in McNeil, Miss., in 1992 containing 37 named cultivars and numerous breeding lines. Performance of these cultivars was evaluated in 2001–2003 and results of these trials are presented.

Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits in Sugarcane Varieties (Lines) with GGE-Biplot

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Jun LUO ◽  
Hua ZHANG ◽  
Zu-Hu DENG ◽  
Li-Ping XU ◽  
Liang-Nian XU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Traits ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality

INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIMEI ZHAO ◽  
LIANGHUAN WU ◽  
YONGSHAN LI ◽  
XINGHUA LU ◽  
DEFENG ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

Alternative Vine Management Programs for Fresh-Market Potatoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-641
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Lemke ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Daniel J. Heider ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Tuber Skin ◽  
Mechanical Methods

AbstractEconomically solvent fresh-market potato production is predominantly dependent on the ability to efficiently produce consistent tuber quality and high yield, and the ability to meet first-to-market demand with early-season potatoes. Unfortunately, these two qualifiers often work against each other in terms of production management. In response, we studied integrated potato vine management programs that support timely early-season potato harvest. Vine management with a flail chopper, roller, and flame burner used alone or followed by diquat was evaluated when initiated 21 or 14 d prior to harvest in 2015 and 2016. Potato varieties included ‘Yukon Gold’ and ‘Dark Red Norland’. Potato leaf and stem management, as well as tuber skinning, stolon separation, grade, and yield were quantified. Among mechanical methods, potato leaf and stem management were poor when vines were rolled or mowed but better when flail chopped. In general, vine management and tuber skin set was better when treatments were initiated 21 d prior to harvest as opposed to 14 d. Vine management, tuber skin set, and yield were comparable when potato vines were flail chopped followed by flame burning and where diquat was applied twice, offering a viable program for smaller scale or organic production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document