scholarly journals Bacterial Spot Resistance, Yield, and Quality of Bell and Specialty Peppers

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Rowell ◽  
R. Terry Jones ◽  
William Nesmith ◽  
April Satanek ◽  
John C. Snyder

Bacterial spot epidemics, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), are still considered serious risks for commercial pepper (Capsicum annuum) growers in a number of eastern, southern and midwestern states. Newly released bell pepper cultivars with the Bs2 gene for resistance to Xcv races 1, 2, and 3 were compared in 2000 under bacterial spot-free and severe (natural) bacterial spot epidemic conditions in central and eastern Kentucky where similar trials had been conducted from 1995 to 1997. In addition to the replicated bell pepper trials, 49 hot and specialty pepper cultivars were grown for observation in single plots at the same two locations. As in previous trials, there were economically important differences in resistance and marketable yields among bell pepper cultivars having the Bs2 gene; some resistant cultivars were as susceptible as susceptible checks. Others were highly resistant in spite of the presence of Xcv races 3 and 6 in the eastern Kentucky trial. Only a few were highly resistant with excellent fruit quality. With a few notable exceptions, most of the hot and specialty cultivars were very susceptible to bacterial spot. Two of the three new jalapeño cultivars carrying Bs2 were highly resistant to bacterial spot and high yielding under severe epidemic conditions.

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-655
Author(s):  
Brent Rowell ◽  
R. Terry Jones ◽  
William Nesmith ◽  
John C. Snyder

Bacterial spot epidemics, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye, continue to plague bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growers in a number of southern and midwestern states. A 3-year study designed to compare cultivars and breeding lines under induced bacterial spot epidemic and bacterial spot-free conditions began soon after the first release of cultivars having the Bs2 gene for resistance to races 1 to 3 of the pathogen. Bacterial spot epidemics were created by transplanting `Merlin' plants (inoculated with races 1 to 3) into plots of each test cultivar at an isolated location in eastern Kentucky. Plots of the same trial entries at a second location were kept free of bacterial spot for 2 of the 3 years of trials; however, a moderate natural epidemic occurred at this location in 1996. Bacterial spot resistance had the greatest impact on yields and returns per acre in the inoculated trials. Cultivars with only Bs1 or a combination of Bs1 and Bs3 were highly susceptible in the inoculated trials. There were statistically significant and economically important differences in resistance among cultivars and breeding lines having the Bs2 gene; some were nearly as susceptible as susceptible checks. Although many Bs2-gene cultivars showed satisfactory levels of resistance, only a few were highly resistant, horticulturally acceptable, and comparable in yields to the best susceptible hybrids in a bacterial spot-free environment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
В.А. Борисов ◽  
А.М. Меньших ◽  
В.С. Соснов

Для обеспечения населения РФ качественной, полезной и экологически безопасной овощной продукцией в требуемом количестве необходимо изучение потенциальной продуктивности новых сортов и гибридов овощных культур, применение современных элементов технологии и продуктов в области агротехнологий выращивания. Хороший вкус, высокое содержание ценных для человека витаминов, микроэлементов и органических кислот вывело сладкий перец в ранг наиболее популярных овощных культур. В мире выведено и культивируется огромное количество сортов сладкого перца. В нашей стране наиболее распространенным сортотипом является перец сладкий (Capsicum annuum), или болгарский. На обыкновенных черноземах Бирючекутской селекционной опытной станции (Новочеркасский район Ростовской области), имеющих слабощелочную реакцию среды, мощный гумусовый горизонт, среднюю обеспеченность подвижным фосфором и высокую обменным калием, в 2017–2018 годах была исследована потенциальная продуктивность перца сладкого гибрида Темп при высоком уровне обеспеченности растений влагой и питательными элементами. Оценено комплексное действие основного внесения расчетных доз минеральных удобрений, капельного орошения, трехкратной подкормки водорастворимыми удобрениями «Мастер» и органоминеральным наноудобрением «Арксойл» на урожайность и качество перца сладкого. Выяснено, что основное удобрение и подкормки влияют, в первую очередь, на число плодов на одном растении, увеличивая их в 2–3,3 раза при незначительном повышении массы плода. Установлено, что без применения минеральных удобрений при капельном поливе было получено 25–27 т/га плодов. Использование рекомендованной дозы удобрений N120P120K120 увеличило урожайность перца до 50,5 т/га, а комплексное применение основного удобрения с 3-кратной корневой подкормкой водорастворимым удобрением «Мастер» позволило получить урожайность перца до 64,8 т/га. Наиболее высокая продуктивность растений была получена при комплексном использовании расчетной дозы на урожайность 90 т/га в сочетании с корневой подкормкой – 86,8 т/га при хорошем качестве плодов перца. To provide the population of the Russian Federation with high-quality, healthy and environmentally friendly vegetable products in the required amount, it is necessary to study the potential productivity of new varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops, use modern elements of technology and products in the field of agricultural technologies. Good taste, high content of vitamins, microelements and organic acids valuable for humans have made sweet peppers one of the most popular vegetable crops. A huge number of varieties of sweet peppers have been bred and cultivated in the world. In our country, the most common cultivar type is bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) or Bulgarian. On ordinary chernozems of the Biryuchekutskaya selection experimental station (Novocherkassk district of the Rostov region), which have a weakly alkaline reaction of the environment, a powerful humus horizon, an average supply of mobile phosphorus and high exchangeable potassium, in 2017-2018, the potential productivity of sweet pepper the level of supply of plants with moisture and nutrients. The complex effect of the main application of the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers, drip irrigation, 3-fold top dressing with water-soluble fertilizers Master and organomineral nanofertilizers Arxoil on the yield and quality of bell peppers was evaluated. It was found that the main fertilization and feeding affect, first of all, the number of fruits per 1 plant, increasing them by 2-3.3 times with a slight increase in the weight of the fruit. It was found that without the use of mineral fertilizers with drip irrigation, 25-27 t/ha of fruits were obtained. The use of the recommended dose of fertilizers N120P120K120increased the yield of pepper to 50.5 t/ha, and the complex application of the main fertilizer with 3-fold root feeding with the water-soluble fertilizer Master allowed to obtain the yield of pepper up to 64.8 t/ha. The highest plant productivity was obtained with the integrated use of a calculated dose for a yield of 90 t / ha in combination with root feeding - 86.8 t/ha with good quality pepper fruits.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker ◽  
Fatin Rohani ◽  
Tahir Dalorima ◽  
Nashriyah Mat

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Stout ◽  
Joan R. Davenport ◽  
R. Troy Peters

Drought conditions in the western United States have limited water availability for the irrigation of agricultural products. This can have a dramatic impact on yield and quality of specialty perennial crops, such as juice grapes (Vitis labruscana Bailey). Washington State juice grape industry typically irrigates to 100% of crop-specific evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout the season to minimize yield loss. However, as conditions have limited water availability, growers need a new strategy to cope with the limited water supply. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) applies less water than plant ETc and has been shown to improve fruit quality in red wine grapes (Vitis vinifera). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of RDI treatments on the yield and quality of ‘Concord’ juice grapes as compared with current commercial practice. The treatments reduced the amount of water applied between bloom and veraison by 25% (−25%), 33% (−33%), and 45% (−45%) from the control application. The results of this 4-year study initially indicated a dramatic decrease in yield in the −45% treatment (7.5 Mg/ha) as compared with the control treatment (19.2 Mg/ha); however, yield for the RDI treatments recovered in the subsequent seasons and was not statically different from the control. There were no statistical differences in fruit quality between treatments. This indicates that RDI has the potential to decrease water applied between bloom and veraison without impacting fruit quality; however, to avoid a sudden decrease in yield, it would be necessary to gradually reduce water applications over several years.


2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-432
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
N Islam ◽  
S Ahmad ◽  
MI Hossen ◽  
MR Islam

The study was carried out during summer of 2012 with BARI hybrid tomato 4, planted in the Olericulture farm of Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh to find out the response of plants to some staking and pruning treatments on yield, fruit quality and cost of production. A two factor experiment consisting of three staking methods and four level of pruning, laid out in complete block design with three repetitions. Plants were staked on inverted „V? shaped staking, high platform and string. The plants were pruned to two stem, three stem, four stem and no pruning as control. Results showed that significantly the highest total number of fruits per plant (37.1), marketable fruits per plant (33.7), yield per plant (1.68 kg) and total yield (44.6 t/ha) were produced by the plants having the treatment string staking with four stem. The highest fruit set (43.50%) was found in the plants staking with string having three stems. Plants grown on string staking allowing two stem gave the maximum length (4.71 cm), diameter (4.83 cm) and weight (53.4g) of single fruit as well as maximum fruit firmness (3.43 kg-f cm-2). From the economic point of view, it was apparent that summer tomato produced by string staking with four stem pruning exhibited better performance compared to other treatment combinations in relation to net return and BCR (2.10).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 419-432, September 2016


Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gyomar González-González ◽  
Juan Gómez-Sanchis ◽  
Jose Blasco ◽  
Emilio Soria-Olivas ◽  
Patricia Chueca

The application of new technologies in precision agriculture offers the possibility to link information to very specific crop locations. The spatial representation of these agricultural data through yield and fruit quality maps allows for crop management in a precise way that means that agricultural operations may be carried out considering intraorchard variability, thus resulting in greater efficiency. The aim of this work was to advance the development of new tools for the generation of yield and quality maps for precision agriculture. A new tool was implemented for citrus through a dashboard called CitrusYield that integrates the requirements demanded by technicians and farmers in terms of spatial distribution and the quality of their citrus production. The data for testing were collected by a prototype of a citrus harvest-assist platform. In order to obtain maps showing heterogeneity of production, an experimental plot with different varieties and variable production was chosen. The maps, tables and graphs showing different crop data were generated automatically by CitrusYield from the analysis of the data collected. The main advantage of knowing the differences in production between the swaths and areas inside the crop is to provide the grower with precise information to make accurate decisions for localised crop management, such as fertilisation, irrigation, pest and disease control, etc.


2008 ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Shin Lim ◽  
Jong Min Lim ◽  
Bo Suk Kim ◽  
Seong Mo Kang ◽  
Jeoung Lai Cho ◽  
...  

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