scholarly journals Survey of Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Water Quality in Greenhouse and Nursery Irrigation Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin P. Meador ◽  
Paul R. Fisher ◽  
Philip F. Harmon ◽  
Natalia A. Peres ◽  
Max Teplitski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Biological Water Quality

The objective was to analyze the physical, chemical, and biological water quality in horticulture irrigation systems in 24 ornamental plant greenhouses and nurseries in the United States. At each greenhouse or nursery, water was collected from up to five points (“Sample Types”) which included 1) “Source” from municipal or private well supplies, 2) “Tank” from enclosed storage containers, 3) “Subirrigation” from water applied to crops in ebb-and-flood systems, 4) “Furthest Outlet” that were irrigation emitters most distant from the Source, and 5) “Catchment Basin” from open outdoor retention areas. On average, Source water had the highest physical and microbial quality of Sample Types including the highest ultraviolet (UV) light transmission at 86%, lowest total suspended solids (TSS) at 3.1 mg·L−1, and lowest density of aerobic bacteria with 1108 cfu/mL of water. Average quality of recycled water from Subirrigation or Catchment Basins did not meet recommended levels for horticultural irrigation water for UV transmission (68% to 72% compared with recommended 75%), microbial counts (>100,000 cfu/mL compared with recommended <10,000 cfu/mL), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (48.2 to 61.3 mg·L−1 compared with recommended <30 mg·L−1). Irrigation water stored in Tanks or applied at Furthest Outlets had lower physical and biological water quality compared with Source water. Level of aerobic bacteria counts highlighted a risk of clogged microirrigation emitters from microbial contaminants, with highest bacteria levels in recirculated irrigation water. The physical, chemical, and microbial water quality results indicate a need for more effective water treatment to improve biological water quality, particularly with recirculated irrigation.

scholarly journals SEASONAL BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RIVER KSHIPRA USING BENTHIC MACRO-INVERTEBRATES

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Akhand Archna ◽  
Shrivastava Sharad ◽  
Akhand Pratibha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Biological Water Quality

The water quality of River Kshipra in stretch of 195 km was studied for water quality status using benthic macro invertebrates for all three seasons’ monsoon, winter and summer. The River water quality is subject to severe domestic and industrial pollution at compete stretch of River. In the present investigation a total of 13 Orders of macrobenthic fauna i.e. Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Placoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Crustacea, Diptera, Pulmonata, Operculata, Pulmonata, Oligochaeta and Hirudinea belong to 3 Phylum’s Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida were reported. Arthropoda was the most dominant group in all seasons. On seasonal comparison of benthic fauna is observe that abundance were decreasing order were, Winter > Monsoon > summer. To monitor the water quality samples from two years (2010-12) from different stations were collected monthly. The works highlighted the condition of the River water in various seasons with respect of the seasonal abundance of the benthic macro-invertebrates organisms mentioned above.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Studies of Groundwater In Industrial And Agricultural Area Of Gokul Shirgaon MIDC Region, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Tejashri V. Patil
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Physical Chemical

Abstract: Groundwater is one of the earth’s most widely distributed and most important natural resources. Groundwater exists, wherever water penetrates beneath the surface. The rocks beneath the surface are permeable enough to transmit water, and at places, the rate of infiltration is so sufficient that the rocks are saturated to an appreciable thickness. This water may be fresh or brackish in quality. As the fresh water constitutes very little quantity of the total water available, we must think as to how best we can exploit it, and utilize it. With the growth of population, today in many of the places water has become a critical source. In many places it is dwindling both in quality and quantity, creating problems for the communities involved. Water Quality Index indicates the quality of drinking water by assessing physical, chemical and biological parameters of water. India had the most studies, with 177 articles, followed by China, Brazil and the United States. This four countries together published 57% of studies on WQI. Groundwater quality implies the level of concentration of different constituents of water which is ultimately described if it is suitable or not for drinking or other purpose such as irrigation. There are mainly three types of constituents or parameters for describing quality of groundwater as physiological, chemical and biological parameters. These parameters are described below: EC ,TDS, K, Na, Ca ,Mg ,TH, Co3, HCO3, Cl, SO4 ,and also we determine some trace element such as Copper (Cu) ,Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn) ,Nickel (Ni) ,Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn). Keywords: Gokul Shirgaon , Hydrogeochemical , GroundWater

scholarly journals Community Analysis and Water Quality of Benthic Macroinvertebrates at Gwangseok stream in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Man Kyu Huh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Community ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Evenness Indices ◽  
Biological Water Quality

The study was to investigate species composition and biological water quality of benthic macroinvertebrates among localities at Gwangseok stream, Jinhae city in Korea. The identified benthic macroinvertebrates were 781 individuals belonged to 19 species, 14 families, 8 orders, 5 classes and 3 phyla. The value of dominance index (DI) was varied from 0.184 (St. C) to 0.333 (St. A) with a mean of 0.235. DI was significantly different among the four regions. Beck-Tsuda's Biotic Index (BI) was varied from 7 (St. D) to 20 (St. C) with a mean of 14. Total ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (TESB) was varied from 12 (St. D) to 38 (St. B) with a mean of 26.3. Average ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (AESB) was varied from 1.714 (St. D) to 1.900 (St. B) with a mean of 1.821. Benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) ) was varied from 22.354 (St. A) to 26.474 (St. D) with a mean of 39.756. Shannon-Weaver index (H´) for mammals at the upper regions (St. A and St. B) was higher than those of low regions (St. C and St. D). Berger-Parker’s index (BPI) was varied from 0.218 (St.. C) to 0.346 (St. A). Richness (R1) was different from each other and R2 was not shown significant differences (p < 0.05). Evenness indices (E1-E5) for four stations were different from each other, however there were not shown significant differences (p < 0.05).

Impact of Lagoon Effluent on an Inland Stream – A 10 Year Perspective

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Skerry ◽  
J. G. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Receiving Stream ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Water Quality

The discharge of lagoon treated effluent to inland waterways has long been of contention in relation to the impact of residual algal cells and nutrients in the receiving water body, especially a water body used extensively for recreation. This paper examines the pre lagoon and post lagoon discharge effects on water quality in a major inland river over a ten year monitoring period. The impact of a lagoon discharge flow of up to 20 ML/day during summer conditions is assessed in relation to effect on receiving stream physical, chemical and biological water quality indicators and implications for management are assessed and evaluated.

scholarly journals Classification of Water Quality of Banat Watercourses in Serbia for the Needs of Irrigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Milica Ilić ◽  
Milica Vranešević ◽  
Atila Bezdan ◽  
Boško Blagojević
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Production Characteristics

Abstract The composition of water used for irrigation has a significant impact on the production characteristics of the land, yield and irrigation equipment, and therefore its analysis, or assessment of the usability of irrigation water is very important. In this paper, the potential impact of the waters of the Banat watercourses of Moravica, Karaš and Nera is assessed on the basis of monthly water samples from the measuring stations of Vatin, Dobričevo and Kusić, for the period of April-September from the year 2007 to 2017. The assessment was carried out using the classification of irrigation water: FAO, USLL and water categorization according to Nejgebauer, and the Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI). For the needs of these classifications, a total of 20 water parameters were analyzed: quality, physical, chemical and biological parameters. According to all the classifications, the analyzed watercourses can be a good source of water for irrigation in terms of its quality, but with control and appropriate measures, in particular, the presence of bicarbonate, but also the ratio of Na+ to Ca2+ and Mg2+.

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