scholarly journals High-frequency Somatic Embryogenesis from Quiescent Seed Cotyledons of Cucumis melo Cultivars

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Gray ◽  
D.W. McColley ◽  
Michael E. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Embryo Induction ◽  
Initial Culture ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A protocol for high-frequency somatic embryogenesis in Cucumis melo L. was developed using `Male Sterile A147 as a model cultivar. Basal halves of quiescent seed cotyledons were cultured on embryo induction (EI) medium containing concentration ranges of the auxin 2,4-D and the cytokinins BA, Bin, TDZ, or 2iP before transfer to embryo development (ED) medium. Medium with 2,4-D at 5 mg·liter-1 and TDZ at 0.1 mg·liter-1 was superior, with 49% of explants responding and an average of 3.3 somatic embryos per explant (6.8 somatic embryos per responding explant). More explants produced embryos when incubated on EI medium for 1 or 2 weeks (30% and 33%) than for 3 or 4 weeks or with no induction. However, 2 weeks was 2.9 times better than 1 week in terms of number of embryos per explant. One week of initial culture in darkness, followed by a 16 hour light/8 hour dark photoperiod, produced more responding explants (26%) than two or more weeks in darkness or no dark period at all; but 1 and 2 weeks of darkness resulted in a similar number of embryos per explant (2.1 and 2.8). Sucrose concentration in EI and ED media had a highly significant effect on embryo induction and development. EI medium with 3% sucrose resulted in more embryogenic explants than EI medium with 1.5% or 6% sucrose. However, treatments with 3% sucrose in EI medium and 3% or 6% sucrose in ED medium produced significantly more embryos per explant (8.5 and 11.9) than other treatments. Treatments did not affect embryo induction directly and regeneration per se but, instead, frequency and efficiency of somatic embryo development. The optimal treatments were tested with 51 other commercial varieties. All varieties underwent somatic embryogenesis, exhibiting a response of 5% to 100% explant response and 0.1-20.2 embryos per explant. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (benzyladenine or BA); N-(2-furanylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (kinetin or BIN); N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron or TDZ); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (2iP); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D).

scholarly journals Influence of Abscisic Acid and Sucrose on Somatic Embryogenesis in CactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamostruosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lema-Rumińska ◽  
K. Goncerzewicz ◽  
M. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

Having produced the embryos of cactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamonstruosaat the globular stage and callus, we investigated the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) in the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM on successive stages of direct (DSE) and indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE). In the indirect somatic embryogenesis process we also investigated a combined effect of ABA (0, 0.1, 1 μM) and sucrose (1, 3, 5%). The results showed that a low concentration of ABA (0-1 μM) stimulates the elongation of embryos at the globular stage and the number of correct embryos in direct somatic embryogenesis, while a high ABA concentration (10–100 μM) results in growth inhibition and turgor pressure loss of somatic embryos. The indirect somatic embryogenesis study in this cactus suggests that lower ABA concentrations enhance the increase in calli fresh weight, while a high concentration of 10 μM ABA or more changes calli color and decreases its proliferation rate. However, in the case of indirect somatic embryogenesis, ABA had no effect on the number of somatic embryos and their maturation. Nevertheless, we found a positive effect of sucrose concentration for both the number of somatic embryos and the increase in calli fresh weight.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryos Derived from Cotyledons of Cucumber

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Cade ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Two studies were conducted to test the effects of various tissue culture media on somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The two best media for embryo initiation were Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins containing either 1 or 2 mg 2,4-D/liter and 0.5 mg kinetin/liter. In the second study, embryos developed more normally. More plantlets developed when tissue was removed from the initiation medium after 3 weeks and transferred to MS containing 1 mg NAA/liter and 0.5 mg kinetin/liter for 3 weeks, rather than leaving the embryos on a medium containing 2,4-D. Histological evidence indicated that the embryos were multicellular in origin. Charcoal in the maturation medium inhibited embryo development. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) -acetic acid (2,4-D); N-(2-furanylmethyl)-lH-purine-6-amine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals High Frequency Plant Regeneration System from Transverse Thin Cell Layer Section of In vitro Derived ‘Nadia’ Ginger Microrhizome

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dikash Singh THINGBAIJAM ◽  
Devi Sunitibala HUIDROM
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Thin Cell Layer ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Transverse Thin Cell Layer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

An efficient and reproducible procedure is outlined for rapid in vitro multiplication of Zingiber officinale var. ‘Nadia’ through high frequency shoot proliferation from transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) sections of in vitro derived microrhizome. In vitro derived microrhizome of size 500 μm in thickness was used as initial explants for induction of somatic embryos. Among the different phytohormones tested, tTCL explants shows maximum calli proliferation in medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (88.30±0.11%). Reduced concentration of 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was supplemented with different cytokinins for regeneration of callus. Among the different medium tested, optimum redifferentiation of somatic embryos were observed in medium containing 0.2 mg/L 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6.0 mg/L BAP (141.08±0.25). Clump of regenerated plantlets were further subculture and transfer into microrhizome inducing medium containing high sucrose concentration (8%). Plantlets with well developed microrhizome were successfully acclimatized and eventually transferred to the field. The application of studying embryo section for regeneration of plants might be useful alternative to ginger improvement programme. Histological analysis showed formation of somatic embryos and regenerated adventitious shoot.

scholarly journals Enhanced Somatic Embryo Induction of a Tree Peony, Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’, by a Combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1-naphthylacetic Acid (NAA)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuxia Ren ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Embryo Induction ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid ◽  
Better Than

Somatic embryogenesis is a preferred method for vegetative propagation due to its high propagation efficiency. In this study, zygotic embryos, cotyledons, and hypocotyls of Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ were used as the explant to induce somatic embryogenesis. The results showed that a combination of 0.5 mg·L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 mg·L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was effective in inducing somatic embryos from the zygotic embryo and cotyledon explants. Hypocotyls only formed somatic embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with both 0.5 mg·L−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg·L−1 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA). Moreover, the compact callus was effectively produced from zygotic embryo, cotyledon, and hypocotyl explants in medium supplemented with a combination of 3.0 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA, and then converted into somatic embryos in the same medium, and the ratio of the explants with embryo induction and number of embryos induced per explant were much higher than those induced by 0.5 mg·L−1 TDZ and either 0.5 mg·L−1 2,4-D or 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA. The MS medium was better than the woody plant medium (WPM) for inducing somatic embryos from zygotic embryo and hypocotyl explants, whereas the WPM was better than the MS medium for somatic embryogenesis induction from cotyledon explants. All of the somatic embryos developed well into mature embryos on their respective media supplemented with both 3.0 mg·L−1 BA and 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA. Overall, the protocols for indirect somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryo, cotyledon, and hypocotyl of P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ were successfully established, which can greatly facilitate their propagation and breeding processes.

scholarly journals The role of γ -aminobutyric acid (Gaba) in somatic embryogenesis of Acca sellowiana Berg. (Myrtaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Raitz Booz ◽  
Gilberto B. Kerbauy ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra ◽  
Rosete Pescador
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Endogenous Gaba ◽  
Acca Sellowiana

The γ-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) is a non-protein amino acid found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Its role in plant development has not been fully established. This study reports a quantification of the levels of endogenous Gaba, as well as investigation of its role in different stages of somatic embryogenesis in Acca sellowiana Berg. (Myrtaceae). Zygotic embryos were used as explants and they were inoculated into the culture medium contained different concentrations of Gaba (0,2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 µM). The highest concentrations of endogenous Gaba were detected between the third and nine days after inoculation, reaching the value of 12.77 µmol.g-1FW. High frequency of somatic embryogenesis was observed in response to 10 µM Gaba. This treatment also resulted in a large number of normal embryos, and the lowest percentage of formation of fused somatic embryos, phenotypic characteristic of most deformed embryos in all treatments. Also, all treatments promoted the formation of the somatic embryos with positive characteristics of development resumption, which however did not originate the seedlings.

High-frequency direct somatic embryogenesis in thin layer cultures of hybrid seed geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Gill ◽  
Jean M. Gerrath ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Regeneration Potential

Thin layer explants from the hypocotyls of young seedlings of geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey) produced somatic embryos in response to thidiazuron (TDZ) or a combination of indoleacetic acid and N6-benzylaminopurine, but the number of embryos was much less in the latter than with TDZ. The development of somatic embryos in cultures of thin layers was rapid and the number of embryos was about eightfold higher than in cultures of whole hypocotyl explants. Thin layer explants of 1-week-old seedlings produced a high number of somatic embryos than those obtained from older seedlings. The cultivar Scarlet Orbit Improved showed better regeneration potential than 'Sprinter Scarlet'. There were no visible differences in total number of somatic embryos produced in the medium containing sucrose or glucose. The addition of glutamine to the induction medium further improved the number of somatic embryos that developed. Regenerated somatic embryos developed into complete plantlets within 6 to 8 weeks of culture initiation. Key words: Pelargonium ×hortorum, geranium, somatic embryogenesis, thin layers, thidiazuron.

scholarly journals Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
FITRIA ARDIYANI ◽  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami ◽  
HERY PURNOBASUKI ◽  
SENJA APRILIA PARAMITA
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Coffea Liberica

Abstract. Ardiyani F, Utami ESW, Purnobasuki H, Paramita SA. 2020. Development and regeneration of somatic embryos from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica. Biodiversitas 21: 5829-5834. Coffea liberica is an important and potentially commercial plant with a high economic value from the Coffea genus. Therefore, the availability of planting material is needed to increase productivity and ensure the sustainability of its farming. Somatic embryogenesis is a powerful propagation method used to produce clonal plants from limited genetic material. In the present research, we have shown that C. liberica could be successfully regenerated in vitro via somatic embryogenesis from leaves derived embryogenic callus. These calli were cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium added with 1 mgL-1 BAP or in combination with 2.4 D (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mgL-1) for embryo development induction. Furthermore, the medium containing only BAP was best for embryo development induction after culturing for 12 weeks, with the highest number of cotyledonary stage embryos (17.8%) and producing a total of embryo (20.2). Following cotyledonary stage embryo were cultured on new MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP, 0.5 mgL-1 IAA, 0.5 mgL-1 NAA only, and 0.5 mgL-1 BAP in combination with 0.5 mgL-1 IAA or 0.5 mgL-1 NAA. Interestingly, the results showed that cotyledonary stage embryos were converted into complete plants at all treatment, but the MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BAP was found to be the most effective in promoting regeneration with 2.6 leaves per-plantlet and height of 5.2 mm. Based morphological analysis confirm that the development of somatic embryo from leaves-derived calli of Coffea liberica started with the formation of embryo globular, heart, torpedo, cotyledonary stages, and finally conversion of cotyledonary embryo into complete plant.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Bigleaf Magnolia by Somatic Embryogenesis

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Merkle ◽  
B.A. Watson-Pauley
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Adventive Embryos

Bigleaf magnolia (Magnolia macrophylla Michx.) cultures were initiated from immature seeds on an induction medium containing 9.0 μm 2,4-D, 1.1μm BA, and 1 g casein hydrolysate/liter. After 2 months on induction medium, one culture produced adventive embryos. Clumps of embryos transferred to liquid induction medium proliferated as nodules, which grew in diameter, but failed to produce embryos while maintained in induction medium. Nodules transferred to basal medium produced clumps of somatic embryos, which continued to produce repetitive embryos with monthly transfer to fresh basal medium. Individual embryos transferred to basal medium lacking casein hydrolysate germinated and leaves expanded. Plantlets derived from these embryos were transferred to potting mix and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); N -(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA).

scholarly journals Plant regeneration of southern Adriatic iris by somatic embryogenesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Jevremovic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Milana Trifunovic ◽  
Marija Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A simple protocol has been developed for plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis of Southern Adriatic iris (Iris pseudopallida Trinajstic), an endemic species of the Balkan Peninsula. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in zygotic embryo culture on media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-10 mgL-1) as the sole plant growth regulator, where both embryogenic calli and somatic embryos were induced. Subsequent decrease of 2,4-D in the media promoted formation of somatic embryos. Developed somatic embryos germinated on medium without growth regulators. The regenerated plantlets had diploid chromosome number. Planted plantlets acclimatized very well under greenhouse and garden conditions.

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