Genetics of Apical Dominance in Plantain (Musa spp., AAB Group) and Improvement of Suckering Behavior

Apical dominance, i.e., the inhibition of lateral bud growth due to growth substances released by the terminal bud, has been considered as a limiting factor for the perennial productivity of plantains (Musa spp., AAB group). Segregation ratios in F1 and F2 plantain-banana hybrids suggest that inheritance of apical dominance is controlled by a major recessive gene, ad. The dominant Ad allele improved the suckering of plantain-banana hybrids, as measured by the height of the tallest sucker at flowering and harvest. At harvest, the ratoon crop of the diploid and tetraploid hybrids had completed 70% to 100% of its vegetative development, whereas the ratoon of the plantain parents, due to high apical dominance, was only at 50% of total pseudostem growth. Sucker growth rates are generally the result of gibberellic acid (GA3) levels, and it is suggested that the Ad gene regulates GA3 production. However, the Ad gene has incomplete penetrance, genetic specificity, and variable expressivity. Increased frequency of the Ad gene and a commensurate improvement in the suckering behavior of the diploid populations may be achieved by phenotypic recurrent selection.

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Apical Dominance in Apple (Malus domestica Borkh): The Possible Role of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.119.6.1215 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 119 (6) ◽

pp. 1215-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shiow Y. Wang ◽

Miklos Faust ◽

Michael J. Line

Keyword(s):

Lipid Composition ◽

Apical Dominance ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Proton Density ◽

Membrane Lipid Composition ◽

Lateral Buds ◽

Terminal Bud ◽

Lateral Bud ◽

Bud Growth

The effect of IAA on apical dominance in apple buds was examined in relation to changes in proton density (free water) and membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. Decapitation induced budbreak and enhanced lateral bud growth. IAA replaced apical control of lateral buds and maintained paradormancy. Maximal inhibition was obtained when IAA was applied immediately after the apical bud was removed; delaying application reduced the effect of IAA. An increase in proton density in lateral buds was observed 2 days after decapitation, whereas the change in membrane lipid composition occurred 4 days later. Removing the terminal bud increased membrane galacto- and phospholipids and the ratio of unsaturated to corresponding saturated fatty acids. Decapitation also decreased the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids in lateral buds. Applying thidiazuron to lateral buds of decapitated shoots enhanced these effects, whereas applying IAA to the terminal end of decapitated shoots inhibited the increase of proton density and prevented changes in membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. These results suggest that change in water movement alters membrane lipid composition and then induces lateral bud growth. IAA, presumably produced by the terminal bud, restricts the movement of water to lateral buds and inhibits their growth in apple.

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Isolation and identification of lateral bud growth inhibitor, indole-3-aldehyde, involved in apical dominance of pea seedlings

Phytochemistry ◽

10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00400-4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 61 (7) ◽

pp. 863-865 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eri Nakajima ◽

Hiroshi Nakano ◽

Kosumi Yamada ◽

Hideyuki Shigemori ◽

Koji Hasegawa

Keyword(s):

Apical Dominance ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Pea Seedlings ◽

Lateral Bud ◽

Bud Growth

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760 PB 184 INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID REGULATES APICAL DOMINANCE BY CONTROLLING THE STATE OF WATER AND MEMBRANE LIPID COMPOSITION IN BUDS OF MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.541h ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 541h-542

Author(s):

Shiow Y. Wang ◽

Miklos Faust ◽

Michael J. Line

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Apical Dominance ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Proton Density ◽

Membrane Lipid Composition ◽

Lateral Buds ◽

Terminal Bud ◽

Lateral Bud ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The effect of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on apical dominance in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds was examined by studying changes In proton density (free water) and membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. Decapitation induced budbreak and enhanced lateral bud growth. IAA replaced apical control of lateral bud paradormancy. Maximal inhibition was obtained when IAA was applied immediately after the apical bud was removed. Delaying this application weakens the effect of IAA. An increase in proton density in lateral buds was observable 2 days after decapitation, whereas the change in membrane lipid composition occurred 4 days later. Decapitating the terminal bud induced an increase in membrane galacto- and phospholipids. and the ratio of unsaturated to corresponding saturated fatty acids. Decapitation also induced a decrease in the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids in lateral buds. Application of IAA to the terminal end of decapitated shoots inhibited the increase of proton density and prevented changes in the membrane lipid composition of lateral buds.

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Apical dominance in the rhizome of Agropyron repens: the influence of nitrogen and humidity on the translocation of 14C-labelled assimilates

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b79-150 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (11) ◽

pp. 1229-1235 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F. A. Qureshi ◽

G. I. McIntyre

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Apical Dominance ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

High Humidity ◽

Bud Size ◽

Apical Node ◽

Bud Growth ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Agropyron Repens

When the buds on the rhizome of Agropyron repens were released from apical dominance either by increasing the nitrogen supply or by raising the humidity around the rhizome, their uptake of 14C-labelled assimilates from the parent shoot was significantly increased. While this effect was produced by each treatment when applied separately, the uptake of 14C by the buds was more than twice as great when both treatments were combined. The 14C level in the rhizome was also increased, this effect being greater and more consistent in response to the change in humidity than to the increased nitrogen supply. In the controls, uptake of the labelled assimilates was greatest by the bud at the apical node and decreased basipetally along the rhizome. This pattern was not correlated with bud size and probably resulted from a basipetal gradient of declining metabolic activity. Increasing the humidity around the rhizome altered this pattern, preferentially promoting the uptake of the label by the bud at the subapical node. To account for the stimulation of bud growth by high humidity when nitrogen was apparently the limiting factor, it is postulated that the increase in water potential of the bud may accelerate protein synthesis, thereby enhancing the bud's capacity to compete for the limiting nitrogen supply.

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Environmental control of lateral bud growth in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b77-305 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 55 (21) ◽

pp. 2673-2678 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gordon I. McIntyre

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Apical Dominance ◽

Environmental Control ◽

High Light Intensity ◽

Nutrient Competition ◽

N Supply ◽

Lateral Bud ◽

Bud Growth ◽

Lateral Branches

A study of environmental effects on lateral bud growth in the sunflower, Helianthus annuus, showed that the provision of a high relative humidity (90 ± 5%) in conjunction with a high light intensity (about 30 000 lx) and an abundant N supply (420 ppm) permitted the buds at the basal nodes to escape from apical dominance and to develop as lateral branches. A reduction in any one of these three factors was sufficient to prevent the release of the buds from inhibition. The marked effect of humidity on bud growth suggested that the degree of water stress is the factor most likely to limit the growth of the lateral buds under field conditions. The mode of action of water stress and the N supply is discussed in relation to the genetic control of bud activity and to the role of nutrient competition in the mechanism of apical dominance.

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Penicillin inhibition of release of lateral buds of gram (Cicer arietinum) seedlings from apical dominance

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b84-326 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (11) ◽

pp. 2391-2393

Author(s):

Monidipa Sen ◽

Subires Bhattacharya ◽

S. Mukherji

Keyword(s):

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Apical Dominance ◽

Maleic Hydrazide ◽

Simultaneous Application ◽

Auxin Action ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Lateral Buds ◽

Lateral Bud ◽

Bud Growth

The effect of penicillin on apical dominance was investigated in gram (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings. Application of penicillin to the decapitated stump was found to reestablish apical dominance in preventing the growth of lateral buds. Penicillin was seen to mimic auxin action in this system. Penicillin inhibition of lateral bud growth was relieved by the simultaneous application of antiauxins like 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and maleic hydrazide. An increase in auxin-synthesizing capacity of the treated tissue has been suggested as the possible mode of action of penicillin in the regulation of lateral bud growth.

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Regulation of cell reproduction in bud meristems of Tradescantia paludosa

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b73-144 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 1137-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kyu-Byung Yun ◽

J. M. Naylor

Keyword(s):

Apical Dominance ◽

Mitotic Cycle ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Central Zone ◽

Apparent Absence ◽

Cell Reproduction ◽

Terminal Bud ◽

Terminal Buds ◽

Regulation Of Growth ◽

Tradescantia Paludosa

The mitotic cycle can be arrested in the apical summit of vegetative terminal buds of Tradescantia paludosa by restricting the level of nitrogen or light available to the plant. Cells in this portion of the bud are much more sensitive to these stress conditions than those in the subjacent portion of the meristem. This differential response induced the establishment of a quiescent "central zone" which is distinguished from the rest of the meristem by the apparent absence of mitosis and DNA synthesis, larger nuclear volume, and a lower histone content of chromatin. These features are identical with those imposed by apical dominance in apices of inhibited lateral buds.The results support the view that competition for nutrients is an important causal factor in apical dominance. They suggest also that competition for nutrients within the terminal bud meristem is important in the regulation of growth in vegetative shoots in respones to conditions of the environment.

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Studies on the sultana vine. III. Pruning experiments with constant number of buds per vine, number and length of cane varied inversely

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9550823 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 823 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

AJ Antcliff ◽

WJ Webster ◽

P May

Keyword(s):

Apical Dominance ◽

Variable Length ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Constant Number ◽

Terminal Bud ◽

Bud Position

Pruning experiments are described in which the number of buds per vine was kept constant, and the number and length of canes was varied inversely. The position of the pruning cut affected per cent. bud burst at only the two terminal bud positions, and did not affect per cent. fruitful shoots a t any bud position. For any length of cane likely to be used in practice, per cent. bud burst in the most fruitful region would not be affected. For a constant pruning level there were no significant differences in yield when length of cane was varied from 11 to 18 buds, but in years of high fruitfulness yield was significantly depressed when the canes were 25 buds long. Apical dominance could also be demonstrated on vines with canes of variable length, and it was shown that the inhibiting agent did not move transversely.

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