Studies on the sultana vine. III. Pruning experiments with constant number of buds per vine, number and length of cane varied inversely

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Antcliff ◽  
WJ Webster ◽  
P May
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Bud Position

Pruning experiments are described in which the number of buds per vine was kept constant, and the number and length of canes was varied inversely. The position of the pruning cut affected per cent. bud burst at only the two terminal bud positions, and did not affect per cent. fruitful shoots a t any bud position. For any length of cane likely to be used in practice, per cent. bud burst in the most fruitful region would not be affected. For a constant pruning level there were no significant differences in yield when length of cane was varied from 11 to 18 buds, but in years of high fruitfulness yield was significantly depressed when the canes were 25 buds long. Apical dominance could also be demonstrated on vines with canes of variable length, and it was shown that the inhibiting agent did not move transversely.

Regulation of cell reproduction in bud meristems of Tradescantia paludosa

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Byung Yun ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Cell Reproduction ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Regulation Of Growth ◽  
Tradescantia Paludosa

The mitotic cycle can be arrested in the apical summit of vegetative terminal buds of Tradescantia paludosa by restricting the level of nitrogen or light available to the plant. Cells in this portion of the bud are much more sensitive to these stress conditions than those in the subjacent portion of the meristem. This differential response induced the establishment of a quiescent "central zone" which is distinguished from the rest of the meristem by the apparent absence of mitosis and DNA synthesis, larger nuclear volume, and a lower histone content of chromatin. These features are identical with those imposed by apical dominance in apices of inhibited lateral buds.The results support the view that competition for nutrients is an important causal factor in apical dominance. They suggest also that competition for nutrients within the terminal bud meristem is important in the regulation of growth in vegetative shoots in respones to conditions of the environment.

scholarly journals Torsion of canes and hydrogenated cyanamide in bud bursting and production of grapevine cv. Itália muscat in the São Francisco valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales Gonçalves Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro Igor Rodrigues Modesto ◽  
Jackson Teixeira Lobo ◽  
Jenilton Gomes da Cunha ◽  
Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract The grapevine cultivated in tropical regions, such as the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley, exhibits a strong bud dormancy and high apical dominance, thus presenting the need for the utilization of products that promote the dormancy breaking of the buds. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of the application of hydrogenated cyanamide and the practice of cane torsion over the breaking of bud dormancy, bud burst and yield of grapevine cv. Italia Muscat in the conditions of the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, PE state, during two production cycles (2015-2016). The adopted design was in randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, referring to the torsion of canes (with and without) and the different doses [D1: hydrogenated cyanamide (H2CN2) 2.45%; D2: hydrogenated cyanamide (H2CN2) 2.94%], with four replicates. The use of the hydrogenated cyanamide associated to the torsion of canes influences in a distinct manner the studied variables, in the different production cycles, although increments in production and yield occur in both. Therefore, the use of 2.94% of H2CN2 along with the torsion of canes is a recommended practice for the increase in the bud burst rate and yield of grapevine cv. Italia Muscat, cultivated in the region of the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley.

scholarly journals 760 PB 184 INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID REGULATES APICAL DOMINANCE BY CONTROLLING THE STATE OF WATER AND MEMBRANE LIPID COMPOSITION IN BUDS OF MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 541h-542
Author(s):  
Shiow Y. Wang ◽  
Miklos Faust ◽  
Michael J. Line
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The effect of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on apical dominance in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds was examined by studying changes In proton density (free water) and membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. Decapitation induced budbreak and enhanced lateral bud growth. IAA replaced apical control of lateral bud paradormancy. Maximal inhibition was obtained when IAA was applied immediately after the apical bud was removed. Delaying this application weakens the effect of IAA. An increase in proton density in lateral buds was observable 2 days after decapitation, whereas the change in membrane lipid composition occurred 4 days later. Decapitating the terminal bud induced an increase in membrane galacto- and phospholipids. and the ratio of unsaturated to corresponding saturated fatty acids. Decapitation also induced a decrease in the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids in lateral buds. Application of IAA to the terminal end of decapitated shoots inhibited the increase of proton density and prevented changes in the membrane lipid composition of lateral buds.

Studies on the sultana vine. II. The course of bud burst.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Antcliff ◽  
WJ Webster
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Bud Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Sultana vines were examined during bud burst for four seasons, and the date on which each shoot arose was noted. The shoots were later classified as fruitful, barren, or defective. The vines were pruned uniformly in the first season, and two pruning treatments were compared in the other three seasons. In all cases the mean time of bursting a t each bud position was progressively later from the distal to the proximal end of the cane, the number of newly burst buds found at each examination was related to preceding temperatures, and the percentage of fruitful shoots among new shoots found at each examination decreased from the beginning to the end of bud burst. Accessory shoots arising as a result of the death of primary shoots or buds were very rarely fruitful. The results are considered in relation to the discrepancy sometimes found between the percentage of fruitful buds and the percentage of fruitful shoots.

Shoot development in Betula papyrifera. I. Short-shoot organogenesis

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3049-3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair D. Macdonald ◽  
D. H. Mothersill
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Short Shoot ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Shoot Buds ◽  
Female Inflorescence ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Short Shoots

Buds and developing branches of Betula papyrifera were collected weekly from mature trees during three successive growing seasons. Material was prepared to show stages of bud inception, development, and flushing and female inflorescence inception. Short shoots develop from (i) proximal axillary buds on long shoots (ii) short-shoot terminal buds, or (iii) axillary buds on flowering short shoots. An axillary bud apex forms a terminal bud after bud burst. An axillary bud possesses one outer rudimentary leaf, but all other short-shoot buds have three outer rudimentary leaves. All short-shoot buds possess, in addition, one–three embryonic foliage leaves and, distally, three primordial rudimentary leaves which form the outermost appendages of the succeeding terminal bud. Rudimentary leaf stipules form the cataphylls. Foliage leaf primordia are initiated in May – early June and rudimentary leaves arise in late June – July. If a bud apex is initiated in year n, female inflorescence induction occurs in late June of year n + 1 or any succeeding year. An axillary bud develops on a short shoot as a consequence of flowering; it is initiated concurrently with inflorescence development and its development is completed during flowering and seed maturation. Short- and long-shoot buds can be distinguished, upon dissection, in mid-July when buds are forming. Hence, determination of potential long and short shoots occurs the year before bud burst.

scholarly journals Apical Dominance in Apple (Malus domestica Borkh): The Possible Role of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiow Y. Wang ◽  
Miklos Faust ◽  
Michael J. Line
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Bud Growth

The effect of IAA on apical dominance in apple buds was examined in relation to changes in proton density (free water) and membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. Decapitation induced budbreak and enhanced lateral bud growth. IAA replaced apical control of lateral buds and maintained paradormancy. Maximal inhibition was obtained when IAA was applied immediately after the apical bud was removed; delaying application reduced the effect of IAA. An increase in proton density in lateral buds was observed 2 days after decapitation, whereas the change in membrane lipid composition occurred 4 days later. Removing the terminal bud increased membrane galacto- and phospholipids and the ratio of unsaturated to corresponding saturated fatty acids. Decapitation also decreased the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids in lateral buds. Applying thidiazuron to lateral buds of decapitated shoots enhanced these effects, whereas applying IAA to the terminal end of decapitated shoots inhibited the increase of proton density and prevented changes in membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. These results suggest that change in water movement alters membrane lipid composition and then induces lateral bud growth. IAA, presumably produced by the terminal bud, restricts the movement of water to lateral buds and inhibits their growth in apple.

Studies on the sultana vine. V. Further studies on the course of bud burst with reference to time of pruning

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Antcliff ◽  
WJ Webster ◽  
P May
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Bud Position ◽  
The One

Further studies on the course of bud burst were made on three sites in the Sunraysia district and the effect of three times of pruning on time of bursting investigated over a period of three seasons. The largest differences in time of bursting were between seasons, with smaller differences between sites and an interaction between sites and seasons. Vines pruned on August 11 burst about 3 days later than vines pruned on June 4 or July 8. The June-pruned vines burst earlier than the July-pruned vines at bud positions 13 and 14 only. The trends of the bud position means for time of bursting, bud burst, and fruitful shoots on the one site on heavy soil differed from the other two sites on sandy soils which were very similar. The three sets of deviations appeared to be related. Data obtained on the proportion of buds producing two shoots suggested that this was positively related to nitrogen.

Studies on the sultana vine. I. Fruit bud distribution and bud burst with reference to forecasting potential crop.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Antcliff ◽  
WJ Webster
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Bud Position ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

Fruit bud distribution and bud burst on sultana canes were studied by microscopical examination of bud samples in autumn and direct observation of vines in spring. The percentage of fruitful buds found by niicroscopical examination, and the percentage bud burst and percentage of fruitful shoots found in spring all showed highly significant differences between bud positions in all seasons. In all cases polynomial regressions could be fitted from which the bud position means did not differ significantly. Fruitfulness was always low at the base of the cane, rose to a maximum at about bud position 9, and then fell away. Bud burst also rose rapidly over the first few bud positions but did not show the same pronounced falling off after bud position 9. The percentage of fruitful buds and percentage of fruitful shoots also showed highly significant differences between seasons and between individual vineyards, and highly significant interactions between seasons and vineyards. The major sultana growing districts did not differ greatly in any respect, nor did the separate settlements within the Sunraysia district. The percentage of fruitful buds agreed with the percentage of fruitful shoots except in seasons of low fruitfulness. The examination of 20 canes from each of 10 Sunraysia vineyards gives a satisfactory estimate of the percentage of fruitful buds in May, and this gives a useful forecast of potential crop.

Initiation and development of subterminal buds in Abiesbalsamea

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Continuous Layer ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Vegetative Bud ◽  
Different Origin ◽  
Needle Primordia

On mature, sapling, and seedling trees of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) cataphyll production on shoot apices began 3 to 4 weeks before vegetative bud burst. Subterminal bud primordia were initiated in the axils of two or three of the first-formed cataphylls at about the time of vegetative bud burst. A week later, prophylls were evident on the subterminal bud apices. Cataphylls were subsequently produced until mid-July. Most buds then initiated needle primordia and increased in size until late September. Some, on weaker shoots, failed to produce needles and remained latent. Throughout their development, the subterminal buds were never dissociated from the terminal bud and, together, the buds formed a terminal bud unit, ultimately encased in a continuous layer of resin. The subterminal buds produce the nodal branches which are distinctly more vigorous than internodal branches, which are produced in lateral buds which have a different origin.

scholarly journals Genetics of Apical Dominance in Plantain (Musa spp., AAB Group) and Improvement of Suckering Behavior

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodomiro Ortiz ◽  
Dirk R. Vuylsteke
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Bud Growth

Apical dominance, i.e., the inhibition of lateral bud growth due to growth substances released by the terminal bud, has been considered as a limiting factor for the perennial productivity of plantains (Musa spp., AAB group). Segregation ratios in F1 and F2 plantain-banana hybrids suggest that inheritance of apical dominance is controlled by a major recessive gene, ad. The dominant Ad allele improved the suckering of plantain-banana hybrids, as measured by the height of the tallest sucker at flowering and harvest. At harvest, the ratoon crop of the diploid and tetraploid hybrids had completed 70% to 100% of its vegetative development, whereas the ratoon of the plantain parents, due to high apical dominance, was only at 50% of total pseudostem growth. Sucker growth rates are generally the result of gibberellic acid (GA3) levels, and it is suggested that the Ad gene regulates GA3 production. However, the Ad gene has incomplete penetrance, genetic specificity, and variable expressivity. Increased frequency of the Ad gene and a commensurate improvement in the suckering behavior of the diploid populations may be achieved by phenotypic recurrent selection.

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