scholarly journals Detecting Cross-incompatibility of Three North American Apricot Cultivars and Establishing the First Incompatibility Group in Apricot

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1002-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Egea ◽  
L. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Incompatibility Group ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Compatible Pollinations

Laboratory and orchard tests have shown that the apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars `Hargrand', `Goldrich', and `Lambertin-1' are cross-incompatible. All three cultivars are from North American breeding programs and have `Perfection' as a common ancestor. In orchard tests, compatible pollinations resulted in 19% to 74% fruit set, while incompatible pollinations resulted in <2% fruit set. Microscopic examination showed that, in incompatible pollinations, pollen tube growth was arrested in the style, most frequently in its third quarter, and that the ovary was never reached. It is proposed that self-incompatibility in apricot is of the gametophytic type, controlled by one S-locus with multiple alleles, and that these three cultivars are S1S2.

scholarly journals Identification of Self-Incompatibility Alleles by Specific PCR Analysis and S-RNase Sequencing in Apricot

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Herrera ◽  
Javier Rodrigo ◽  
José Hormaza ◽  
Jorge Lora
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
S Allele ◽  
First Time ◽  
Efficient Mechanisms

Self-incompatibility (SI) is one of the most efficient mechanisms to promote out-crossing in plants. However, SI could be a problem for fruit production. An example is apricot (Prunus armeniaca), in which, as in other species of the Rosaceae, SI is determined by an S-RNase-based-Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility (GSI) system. Incompatibility relationships between cultivars can be established by an S-allele genotyping PCR strategy. Until recently, most of the traditional European apricot cultivars were self-compatible but several breeding programs have introduced an increasing number of new cultivars whose pollination requirements are unknown. To fill this gap, we have identified the S-allele of 44 apricot genotypes, of which 43 are reported here for the first time. The identification of Sc in 15 genotypes suggests that those cultivars are self-compatible. In five genotypes, self-(in)compatibility was established by the observation of pollen tube growth in self-pollinated flowers, since PCR analysis could not allowed distinguishing between the Sc and S8 alleles. Self-incompatible genotypes were assigned to their corresponding self-incompatibility groups. The knowledge of incompatibility relationships between apricot cultivars can be a highly valuable tool for the development of future breeding programs by selecting the appropriate parents and for efficient orchard design by planting self-compatible and inter-compatible cultivars.

scholarly journals PERICLINAL CHIMERAS COMPOSED OF LYCOPERSICON PERUVIANUM AND L. ESCULENTUM DEMONSTRATE THAT S-LOCUS ASSOCIATED PROTEINS AND SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY CAN BE UNCOUPLED

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 193b-193
Author(s):  
Bindu Chawla ◽  
Robert Bernatzki ◽  
Michael Marcotrigiano
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Lycopersicon Peruvianum ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Rna Analysis ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Periclinal Chimeras ◽  
S Allele ◽  
L1 And L2

Lycopersicon peruvianum is a wild species of tomato that exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (S), wherein the SI response is controlled by the genotype of the pollen. Cultivated tomato (L. esculentum) is a self-compatible species. Assisted by phenotypic markers, periclinal graft chimeras between these two species have been obtained. Fruit set analysis following breeding demonstrated that the available five chimeras (PPE, PEE, PEP, EPP, and EEP) are able to accept pollen from L. peruvianum, suggesting that there is a failure of the SI response. SI response is known to be dependent on S-locus associated proteins. These proteins are present in the style, which is mainly derived from the L1 and L2 layers of meristem. RNA analysis of the style tissue using a cloned S-locus cDNA as a probe showed that, except for EEP, all chimeras expressed the S-allele. This was also confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis of stylar proteins that were present in variable amounts depending on the periclinal combination. Thus, the breakdown of SI is not associated with the lack of expression of the S-locus. Further work is being conducted to understand the nature of this breakdown.

scholarly journals Utilization of the S-locus as a Genetic Marker in Cherry to Differentiate Among Different Pollen Donors

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1542-1546
Author(s):  
Audrey M. Sebolt ◽  
Amy F. Iezzoni
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Pollen Sources ◽  
Pollen Mixture ◽  
Compatible Pollen ◽  
Incompatibility Locus

Fruit set in sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) is frequently less than adequate for profitable production despite the availability of compatible pollen and abundant flowers. When fruit set consistently falls below acceptable levels, growers may attempt to increase fruit set by increasing the availability of compatible pollen. We describe the use of the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) as a genetic marker to quantify the relative contributions of competing pollen sources in achieving fruit set in ‘Balaton™’ sour cherry. Pollen race experiments were conducted to determine if nonself-pollen provided in a pollen mixture was more competitive than self-pollen in achieving fruit set in ‘Balaton™’. We further investigated what pollen set the ‘Balaton™’ crop in two commercial ‘Balaton™’ orchards where multiple potential pollinators were planted in adjacent orchards. S-allele genotyping using DNA extracted from the seed was done to discriminate among the competing pollen sources. The results suggest that in certain environmental conditions, nonself-pollen may be more competitive in achieving fruit set in ‘Balaton™’ than self-pollen. These examples illustrate how seed genotyping can be used to further our understanding of the competitive abilities of different pollen sources in both controlled experiments and production orchards.

Sequence and Structural Diversity of the S Locus Genes From Different Lines With the Same Self-Recognition Specificities in Brassica oleracea

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Kusaba ◽  
Masanori Matsushita ◽  
Keiichi Okazaki ◽  
Yoko Satta ◽  
Takeshi Nishio
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Putative Receptor ◽  
Recognition Specificity ◽  
Polymorphic Genes ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Self Fertilization

Abstract Self-incompatibility (SI) is a mechanism for preventing self-fertilization in flowering plants. In Brassica, it is controlled by a single multi-allelic locus, S, and it is believed that two highly polymorphic genes in the S locus, SLG and SRK, play central roles in self-recognition in stigmas. SRK is a putative receptor protein kinase, whose extracellular domain exhibits high similarity to SLG. We analyzed two pairs of lines showing cross-incompatibility (S2 and S2-b; S13 and S13-b). In S2 and S2-b, SRKs were more highly conserved than SLGs. This was also the case with S13 and S13-b. This suggests that the SRKs of different lines must be conserved for the lines to have the same self-recognition specificity. In particular, SLG2-b showed only 88.5% identity to SLG2, which is comparable to that between the SLGs of different S haplotypes, while SRK2-b showed 97.3% identity to SRK2 in the S domain. These findings suggest that the SLGs in these S haplotypes are not important for self-recognition in SI.

scholarly journals Do s genes or deleterious recessives control late-acting self-incompatibility in Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae)? A diallel study with four full sib progeny arrays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta B Bianchi ◽  
Thomas R Meagher ◽  
Peter E Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Partial Embryo ◽  
Ovule Penetration ◽  
S Genes

Abstract Background and Aims Genetically controlled self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms constrain selfing and thus have contributed to the evolutionary diversity of flowering plants. In homomorphic gametophytic SI (GSI) and homomorphic sporophytic SI (SSI), genetic control is usually by a single multi-allelic locus S. Both GSI and SSI prevent self pollen tubes reaching the ovary and so are pre-zygotic in action. In contrast, in taxa with late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI), rejection is often post-zygotic, since self-pollen tubes grow to the ovary where fertilization may occur prior to floral abscission. Alternatively, lack of self fruit set could be due to early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). The aim of our study was to investigate mechanisms underlying lack of selfed fruit set in Handroanthus heptaphyllus in order to assess the likelihood of LSI versus EID. Methods We employed four full sib diallels to study the genetic control of LSI in Handroanthus heptaphyllus using a precociously flowering variant. We also used fluorescence microscopy to study the incidence of ovule penetration by pollen tubes in pistils that abscised following pollination or initiated fruits. Key Results All diallels showed reciprocally cross-incompatible full-sibs (RCI), reciprocally cross compatible full-sibs (RCC), and non-reciprocally compatible full-sibs (NRC) in almost equal proportions. There was no significant difference between the incidence of ovule penetrations in abscised pistils following self- and cross-incompatible pollinations, but those in successful cross pollinations were around twofold greater. Conclusions A genetic model postulating a single S locus with four s alleles, one of which, in the maternal parent, is dominant to the other three, will produce RCI, RCC and NRC situations each at 33 %, consistent with our diallel results. We favour this simple genetic control over an early-acting inbreeding depression (EID) explanation since none of our pollinations, successful or unsuccessful, resulted in partial embryo development, as would be expected under a whole genome EID effect.

scholarly journals Allelic Genealogies in Sporophytic Self-Incompatibility Systems in Plants

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel H Schierup ◽  
Xavier Vekemans ◽  
Freddy B Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Dominance Interactions ◽  
Turnover Process ◽  
Neutral Gene ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons ◽  
Coalescence Times

Abstract Expectations for the time scale and structure of allelic genealogies in finite populations are formed under three models of sporophytic self-incompatibility. The models differ in the dominance interactions among the alleles that determine the self-incompatibility phenotype: In the SSIcod model, alleles act codominantly in both pollen and style, in the SSIdom model, alleles form a dominance hierarchy, and in SSIdomcod, alleles are codominant in the style and show a dominance hierarchy in the pollen. Coalescence times of alleles rarely differ more than threefold from those under gametophytic self-incompatibility, and transspecific polymorphism is therefore expected to be equally common. The previously reported directional turnover process of alleles in the SSIdomcod model results in coalescence times lower and substitution rates higher than those in the other models. The SSIdom model assumes strong asymmetries in allelic action, and the most recessive extant allele is likely to be the most recent common ancestor. Despite these asymmetries, the expected shape of the allele genealogies does not deviate markedly from the shape of a neutral gene genealogy. The application of the results to sequence surveys of alleles, including interspecific comparisons, is discussed.

Visualization of the S-locus region in Ipomoea trifida: toward positional cloning of self-incompatibility genes

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Suzuki ◽  
Saiko Tanaka ◽  
Maki Yamamoto ◽  
Rubens Norio Tomita ◽  
Yasuo Kowyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Ipomoea Trifida

scholarly journals Self-Incompatibility in the Genus Arabidopsis: Characterization of the S Locus in the Outcrossing A. lyrata and Its Autogamous Relative A. thaliana

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Kusaba ◽  
Kathleen Dwyer ◽  
Jennifer Hendershot ◽  
Julia Vrebalov ◽  
June B. Nasrallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus

Revision of the estimates of glutenin gene effects at the Glu-B1 locus from southern Australian wheat breeding programs

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
R. F. Eastwood ◽  
G. J. Hollamby ◽  
E. M. Martin ◽  
G. B. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Intermediate Allele ◽  
Dough Extensibility ◽  
Dough Development Time

Glutenins are the major determinant of dough characteristics in wheat. These proteins are determined by genes at 6 loci, with multiple alleles present in southern Australian breeding programs. Previously, we estimated the effects of these genes on maximum dough resistance (Rmax), dough extensibility and dough development time. Subsequently, the allele previously classified as Glu-B1b was found to consist of 2 alleles, with one, now considered to be Glu-B1al, producing an overexpression of the Bx7 glutenin subunit. Therefore, there is a potential bias in our previous estimates. An extended dataset was analysed with the 2 alleles now separated. These analyses identified negligible biases in our previous estimates, probably due to a low frequency of Glu-B1al before 1999. However, Glu-B1al produced significantly higher Rmax, dough extensibility, and dough development time values than all other alleles at the Glu-B1 locus. Therefore, at intermediate allele frequencies, substantial bias in estimates of the effects of the Glu-B1 alleles can be expected without correct identification of Glu-B1al.

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