scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Date Palms Propagated from Offshoots and Tissue Culture

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Gurevich ◽  
Uri Lavi ◽  
Yuval Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
High Level ◽  
Aflp Band

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a major tree crop in arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa, having an important impact on the economy of many countries in these regions. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. The development of propagation methods through tissue culture resulted in massive expansion of date palm plantations. While most trees generated from tissue culture are normal and true-to-type, several typical abnormal phenotypes are detected. The present study applies amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis to characterize the genetic variation of two elite date cultivars, `Barhee' and `Medjool', as well as male clones, propagated from offshoots and through tissue culture. The two cultivars have very distinct AFLP band patterns. Most offshoots, as well as the tissue culture-propagated plants, have very similar band patterns, demonstrating a low level of genetic variation. However, a significant level of genetic variation was detected among `Medjool' plants generated from tissue culture. Several phenotypically abnormal trees were characterized by unique and different AFLP band patterns. The male clones are characterized by a high level of polymorphic bands. Genetic variation was also detected between various tissues of variegated `Medjool' trees propagated from tissue culture. The significance of these results, regarding the mechanism of the phenomenon and its relevance to agricultural practice, is discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Pollination Interventions, Plant Age and Source on Hormonal Patterns and Fruit Set of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Hassan Ali-Dinar ◽  
Maged Mohammed ◽  
Muhammad Munir
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Date Palms

Date palm is widely propagated through conventional offshoots. It is also produced through a tissue culture technique due to the limited number of offshoots produced throughout the course of a palm’s life. Being dioecious, it is a cross-pollinated tree that can be naturally or artificially pollinated. Tissue-cultured plants often have abnormal epigenetic or genetic changes that affect specific phenotypic characteristics. The growth of parthenocarpic fruits in date palms is mostly induced by hormonal imbalances in certain tissues. The major hormones in parthenocarpic fruits are auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA). Parthenocarpic, or abnormal fruit development, is an undesirable trait for date palm growers since it drastically reduces farm income. The current study was therefore conducted over two seasons to confirm previous observations and included conventional offshoot-derived trees (CO) and tissue culture-derived ones (TC) of the cultivar Barhee. According to the observed ratio of the fruiting abnormalities, two date palm tree ages were selected, i.e., 6 and 13 years. Two pollination interventions were used: pollination of naturally open female spathes (NOP) and pollination of forced open female spathes (FOP). Plant hormones, IAA, GA3, and ABA were identified just before pollination and at specific intervals after pollination for up to 85 days. The ratio of the abnormal fruit set was identified 5 days after pollination. Significant differences were observed in hormonal levels between tree ages as well as between tree propagation sources. Young TC trees (6-year-old) had high abnormal fruit sets compared to CO date palm trees that were the same age. During the early fruit growth and development phases, CO date palms had much higher amounts of IAA and GA3 than TC date palms. However, ABA concentrations were surprisingly higher in the TC trees during the early fruit growth stages, while it immediately decreased after pollination in the CO date palms. The ratio of abnormal fruits was significantly reduced in the 13-year-old TC date palms, and no differences were observed compared to the CO ones. The levels of IAA, GA3, and ABA hormones in both young and old date palms derived through CO or TC followed similar patterns. The critical observations regarding the ABA pattern in the old TC date palms (13-year-old) gradually dropped after pollination, which was identical to the CO ones, whereas it was the opposite in the young 6-year-old TC date palm plants.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Ethiopia using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Workia Ahmed ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Sumaira Farrakh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity

Abstract Background Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a perennial monocotyledonous plant belonging to the Arecaceae family, a special plant with extraordinary nature that gives eminent contributions in agricultural sustainability and huge socio-economic value in many countries of the world including Ethiopia. Evaluation of genetic diversity across date palms at DNA level is very important for breeding and conservation. The result of this study could help to design for genetic improvement and develop germplasm introduction programmes of date palms mainly in Ethiopia. Results In this study, 124 date palm genotypes were collected, and 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers were used. Among 10 microsatellites, MPdCIR085 and MPdCIR093 loci showed the highest value of observed and expected heterozygosity, maximum number of alleles, and highest polymorphic information content values. A total of 112 number of alleles were found, and the mean number of major allele frequency was 0.26, with numbers ranging from 0.155 (MPdCIR085) to 0.374 (MPdCIR016); effective number of alleles with a mean value of 6.61, private alleles ranged from 0.0 to 0.65; observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.355 to 0.726; expected heterozygosity varied from 0.669 to 0.906, polymorphic information content with a mean value of 0.809; fixation index individuals relative to subpopulations ranged from 0.028 for locus MPdCIR032 to 0.548 for locus MPdCIR025, while subpopulations relative to total population value ranged from − 0.007 (MPdCIR070) to 0.891 (MPdCIR015). All nine accesstions, neighbour-joining clustering analysis, based on dissimilarity coefficient values were grouped into five major categories; in population STRUCTURE analysis at highest K value, three groups were formed, whereas DAPC separated date palm genotypes into eight clusters using the first two linear discriminants. Principal coordinate analysis was explained, with a 17.33% total of variation in all populations. Generally, the result of this study revealed the presence of allele variations and high heterozygosity (> 0.7) in date palm genotypes. Conclusions Microsatellites (SSR) are one of the most preferable molecular markers for the study of genetic diversity and population structure of plants. In this study, we found the presence of genetic variations of date palm genotypes in Ethiopia; therefore, these genetic variations of date palms is important for crop improvement and conservation programmes; also, it will be used as sources of information to national and international genbanks.

Genetic Variation in the Tunisian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Desert Plants ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Rhouma ◽  
Salwa Zehdi-Azouzi ◽  
Sonia Dakhlaoui-Dkhil ◽  
Ali Ould Mohamed Salem ◽  
Ahmed Othmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L

scholarly journals Phoenix phylogeny, and analysis of genetic variation in a diverse collection of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and related species

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasa R. Chaluvadi ◽  
Porter Young ◽  
Kentrez Thompson ◽  
Bochra Amina Bahri ◽  
Bhavesh Gajera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera

scholarly journals Modelling ancient areas for date palms (Phoenix species: Arecaceae): Bayesian analysis of biological and cultural evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Javier Abellán ◽  
José Antonio Palazón ◽  
Concepción Obón ◽  
Francisco Alcaraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Valley Area ◽  
Independent Species

Abstract Our aim in this study is to build a model for the expansion of date palms (Phoenix spp., Arecaceae) that can be linked to domestication processes. Palaeontological and archaeobotanical evidence concerning date palm is extremely diversified around the Mediterranean Basin and in West Asia, mainly consisting of date fruit remains, but also including leaf fragments and other plant remains. This biological evidence is further compared with cultural evidence (coins, pottery, ancient texts) and the present distribution of Phoenix spp. in the area. Bayesian methods working with likelihood and conditional probabilities are successfully applied to generate a model for displaying in maps the ancient distribution of palm groves in terms of probabilities. The model suggests that the domestication of Phoenix dactylifera occurred mainly east of 30°E, probably in the Jordan Valley area, starting before 7 kya and, in a westward shift, that this was gradually superposed onto pre-existing local western populations of the same genus, especially in the Nile valley. It appears that this mainly affected the P. dactylifera western cluster (P. excelsior, P. atlantica, P. iberica). However, other taxa persisted as independent species (P. theophrasti, P. canariensis).

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