PROSPEK LEMBAH KLANG KE ARAH BANDAR RENDAH KARBON (Prospect of Klang Valley Area Towards Low Carbon City)

The goals to reduce 50% of global carbon emissions by 2050 require fully participation from various components of the local community. Therefore, this study has been conducted to explore the prospects of the Klang Valley area towards Low Carbon Cities (LCC) based on the perception, level of readiness and limitations in community participation. Klang Valley is selected as the area of observation due to its rapidly growing population and economic sector. This study adopted qualitative approach using in-depth semi-structured interview instrument and the data was analyzed using thematic analysis. 8 themes appeared in the analysis which are the themes of definition, criteria and sources of carbon emissions under the dimension of public perception; the themes of practice and awareness under the dimension of community readiness; and the themes of incentives, politics and awareness under the dimension of the limitation of community participation. All themes indicated that changing of the lifestyle of the individual towards energy saving in daily activities is prime important to achieve the LCC goal. In conclusion, the prospect for Klang Valley to become a low carbon city in regard to the dimensions of community perception, awareness and partipation limitation is high. Keywords: Low carbon cities; Perception; Readiness; Limitations; Community

STUDY ON MARKETING PATTERN OF APPLE CULTIVATION IN KASHMIR VALLEY, INDIA

An attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the price spread of apple in the state of Jammu and Kashmir; the study is confined to Baramulla and Pulwama district with 35 growers, who were selected randomly from six selected villages considered to collect the required information. The primary data were collected from the apple growers through personal interview method with the help of well prepared pre tested schedule for the year 2019-20. For the present study 4 marketing channel were identified for the transaction of apple i.e.; Producer - Aratiya - Wholesale - Retailer - Consumer; Producer - Pre-harvest Contractor - Wholesaler - Retailer - Consumer, Producer - Post-harvest - Contractor -Wholesaler - Retailer - Consumer and Producer - Commission Agent - Wholesaler – Retailer - Consumer. Thus it can be concluded that the apple business in Kashmir is more remunerative. This enterprise is not only profitable and financially viable but also provides employment to large number of people in the valley area. The area and production of the apple is increasing at the fast rate, but the various defects of the existing marketing system results in the least share to the producer. Net return from the apple business can further be increased if the problems and defects of existing marketing system as stated above are taken care of. It can also be concluded that apple growing is more beneficial on all producers.

Job Hopping Behavior among Coffee Shops Employees in Malaysia

Job hopping behavior may have an adverse effect on both employers and employees. For the perspective of employee, there are many factors might influence an employee's decision to job hop including salary dissatisfaction or a better offer elsewhere. The issue of job hopping has been a serious concern for many organizations, and the coffee shops industry is no exception. Therefore, the goal of this research is to discover potential factors influencing to job hopping behavior among coffee shops employees, as well as the relationship of identified factors with job hopping. Job satisfaction, financial and perceived organizational support were the three factors investigated in this research. A total of 231 questionnaires were distributed to employees who are currently working in the coffee shops in Klang Valley area and 215 usable responses returned for a response rate of 93.1 percent. The collected data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) latest version. Results of the job satisfaction (mean= 3.5636), financial (m=3.5622) and perceived organization support (mean=3.5601) shows score lean towards agreement level. Additionally, findings showed that the correlation of all the variables were weak correlated. A multiple regression also was run to predict job hopping behaviour with the three independent variables. Results found that only 6.9% of variance in coffee shops’ employees was explained by job satisfaction, financial and perceived organization support (R² = .069). Even though the findings of this research found that these three variables did not have a direct impact on coffee shop employees' decision to job hop, the findings may provide some guidance and alert coffee shop owners or managers to the importance of these three variables in the coffee shops industry in order to minimize job hopping and will be discussed further in this paper.

Assessment on the Circular Economy for Waste Minimization in the Construction Industry

The movement towards sustainability and resiliency has become a central talking point for the Malaysian government. Waste that is immeasurably generated from the construction activities should be appropriately managed to preserve the environment. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge about the concept of Circular Economy (CE) as an approach for waste minimization via a survey questionnaire sent to the G7 contractors in the Klang Valley area. The ultimate version of the questionnaire consisted of 38 questions, and it was sent to 360 targeted G7 contractors. 135 questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 37.5%. The results reveal that most of the contractors were knowledgeable about the potential of the CE concept as an approach for waste minimization. Environmental sustainability would be attained when the CE concept is used to minimize the waste generated from the construction activities. The integration of adaptative reused is found to be suitable to enhance the implementation of the CE concept. The results revealed considerable potential for the CE concept to be used as a waste minimization approach in the construction industry. In this sense, the enhancement of the CE concept implementation throughout the construction cycle could set up a direction for future research. Keywords: Waste, Circular Economy, Environmental Sustainability, Adaptative Reused, Malaysia

ARCHITECTURAL AND LANDSCAPE LAYOUT CONCEPT OF A VALLEY SPACE FRAGMENT OF THE OPIR RIVER

Based on theoretical and experimental studies a long-term concept of the architectural and landscape layout and development of the Opir river valley space on a fragment between Carpathians settlements Skole and Grebeniv in the Lviv region was created. It has been confirmed that, as a result of significant natural features, the territories of the valley spaces in Carpathians differ from other localities and require a special approach in design solutions. Therefore, the methodological foundations of the architectural and landscape layout of the rivers valley spaces in Ukrainian Carpathians were developed. According to them, a thorough factor analysis of the territory on a given fragment was done, and analysis of the relationships between factors (multivariate) using the proposed matrix model of correlations between the factors of influence. As the next step the justification of the criterion assessment was done. Based on these researches the purposes of the space development are defined. They are the development of the territory as a transit representative zone, improvement of ecological friendliness and protection against technogenic threats. To achieve these goals some methods were proposed. In accordance with the principles of functional feasibility and sufficiency, environmental friendliness and architectural and landscape coherence to expand the tourist infrastructure in the projected area is impractical for sustainable development of the territory. Other purposed methods are: setting building restrictions to maintain buildings at a constant existing scale, removal a harmful function outside the valuable riparian areas, restoration of the natural zone on the place of removed industrial zones on riparian territories, preservation the use of the valley area for gardening, reinforcing the banks of the river with gabions, implementation a comprehensive renovation of the historical architectural heritage, allocation of the place for a tourists short-term stop.

Green Procurement in Construction: Analysis of the Readiness Level and Key Catalyst among Construction Enablers

In the concern of sustainability and increasing awareness of environmental degradation, the Malaysian government has promoted numerous initiatives on green growth and green procurement (GP) to maintain and minimize the ecological effects in construction. However, this initiative is still in the infancy stage as to date, there is no specific guideline delineated to the construction industry, and it has yet to be enforced by the government to the construction practitioners. In construction, green procurement is a new area, and immediate actions are needed upon the principles, guidelines, and policy and implementation framework. Hence, this research aims to analyse the readiness level, barriers, and key catalysts among construction enablers towards adopting green procurement in the construction industry. Questionnaires were distributed to 102 construction enablers, focusing on quantity surveying firms in the Klang Valley area (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor), and 87 returned the responses. The analysis uses descriptive statistics via mean score, and the standard deviation was used to measure the variables and the mean's dispersion. It is revealed that the consultants are ready to adopt green procurement. However, GP's implementation's top challenges are lack of internal expertise, low awareness about green procurement, and lack of established best practices, standardized procedures and guidelines. It can be summarized that promoting GP and its implementation requires government support in policies, initiatives, and incentives. As the current practice is fragmented, ideally, GP's adoption in construction projects needs to conform to the acceptable standards that enable specific provisions to acquire eco-friendly sustainable construction.

GIS Based Route Network Analysis for Tourist Places : A Case Study Of Greater Imphal

Greater Imphal area, located in the central part of Manipur that classified as a valley area. Greater Imphal area has the potential as a new tourism attraction within its Greater Imphal. ArcGIS network analysis provides to build the most efficient travel route, generating travel directions, locating the closest facility and defining service area based on travel time and distance covered which will help an opportunity in development of tourism. Using GIS technology it is possible to visit different tourist sites effectively with a deliberate decision. The present study aims to explore the GIS based network analysis in defining the optimal route and services such as hospital, shopping centre, market areas and universities that located in Greater Imphal area for the tourist destination. Route analysis capabilities of GIS are done on the basis of estimate travelling time and distance in terms of time through a network. It is shown that using GIS in routing help a powerful ability for network analysis, management of shortest and closest facility analysis which benefits users to provide optimum planning for tourism.

Hydraulic Characteristics of Concentrated Flow Relative to Angle between Rock Strata and Slope in the Karst Trough Valley Area

<p><strong>A</strong><strong>b</strong><strong>stra</strong><strong>c</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>: </strong>Outcrops of rock strata in the Karst Trough Valley Area often form angles with slopes, thus making micro landforms complicated and altering significantly paths of concentrated flows, and consequently bringing about great changes in characteristics of the flows. So, it’s important to study hydraulic characteristics of the concentrated flows relative to angle between rock strata and slope. To that end, a flume experiment, designed to have combinations of three slope gradients (10°,15° and 20°), three flow rates (5, 7.5 and 10 L·min-1) and six angles between the rock strata and slope (30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150° and 180° (0°)), was carried out. Results show that hydraulic characteristics of a concentrated flow varied significantly with the angle between the rock stratum and slope. Reynolds number (Re) of the concentrated flow changed with duration of the scouring in a complicated trend, but exhibited a significant trend of increasing with rising flow rate, and an insignificant one of changing with slope gradient. And it varied in the range of 517~3343 in the experiment. Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient (f) of the concentrated flow increased with rising slope gradient and with scouring going on, but decreased with rising flow rate. And it varied in the range of 0.62~5.70 in the experiment. The relationship of Re with angles between rock strata and the slope was not significant, but that of f varied with combinations of slope gradient and flow rate. The coupling relationship between f and Re was influenced significantly by the angle between the rock stratum and the slope. It could be better described with a logarithmic equation when the angle between the rock stratum and the slope was narrower than 90°, and with a power function equation when the angle between the rock stratum and the slope was wider than or equal to 90°. In the experiment, when Re<1791, the relationship between f and Re was not apparent, but when Re>1791, it was significantly positive. To sum up, f and Re and their relationship vary with the angle between the rock stratum and the slope. The findings in this experiment may provide strong data support for establishing soil erosion prediction models in the Karst Trough Valley Area.</p>