scholarly journals Production of Haploids in Persian Walnut through Parthenogenesis Induced by Gamma-irradiated Pollen

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sadat Hosseini Grouh ◽  
Kourosh Vahdati ◽  
Mahmoud Lotfi ◽  
Darab Hassani ◽  
Nejat Pirvali Biranvand
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Persian Walnut ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
Haploid Plants

We report the first successful regeneration of haploid lines in persian walnut (Juglans regia) developed by in situ parthenogenesis followed by embryo rescue. Female flowers of cultivars Hartley and Pedro and two native Iranian selections (Z63 and Z67) were pollinated using pollen of selections Z53 and Z30 that had been irradiated with gamma rays at five doses (50, 150, 300, 600, and 900 Gy). Gamma-irradiated pollen induced fruit set and development of some parthenogenetic embryos. The immature embryos were excised 30 and 45 days after pollination, cultured in vitro, and then stratified for 30 days at 4 °C to overcome dormancy. Ploidy level of the resulting plantlets was determined by chromosome counting and flow cytometry. Haploid plants were obtained from ‘Hartley’, ‘Pedro’, Z63, and Z67 after pollination using pollen irradiated at 300 and 600 Gy. Plants obtained from pollen irradiated at 50 and 150 Gy were all diploid. Molecular marker analysis using four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers also showed that all the diploid plants recovered were zygotic and no spontaneous double haploid plants were obtained in this work. Also, the haploid plantlets presented only one allele of their female parents. These profiles confirmed the parthenogenetic origin of the obtained haploid plants. The techniques used to induce haploid walnut plants by irradiated pollen were successful and could be used in breeding programs and accelerate genome analysis in this plant in which the genome size is approximately three times the size of the human genome.

scholarly journals In vitro embryo rescue and plant regeneration following self-pollination with irradiated pollen in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 2191-2201
Author(s):  
Buttibwa Mary ◽  
S Kawuki Robert ◽  
K Tugume Arthur ◽  
Akol Jacinta ◽  
Magambo Stephen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Self Pollination

scholarly journals Induction of Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryos after Pollination by Irradiated Pollen in Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1189-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sari ◽  
K. Abak ◽  
M. Pitrat ◽  
J.C. Rode ◽  
R. Dumas de Vaulx
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Haploid Plants

Parthenogenetic haploid embryos of `Crimson Sweet', `Halep Karasi', `Sugar Baby' and `Panonia F1' watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] were obtained after pollination with γ-irradiated (200 or 300 Gy) pollen. Some globular and heart-shaped embryos were observed in fruit harvested 2 to 5 weeks after pollination. The number of embryos per 100 seeds was highest for `Halep Karasi'. After in vitro culture, 17 haploid plants were obtained and doubled haploid lines were generated after chromosome doubling using colchicine.

scholarly journals Rooting and Acclimatization of In Vitro-grown Shoots from Mature Trees of Three Persian Walnut Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kourosh Vahdati ◽  
Charles Leslie ◽  
Zabihollah Zamani ◽  
Gale McGranahan
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Persian Walnut ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sucrose Level

In vitro rooting of three commercial cultivars of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.), `Sunland', `Chandler', and `Vina', was examined using a two-phase rooting procedure: root induction in the dark on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 15 μm IBA followed by root development in the light on a mixture of one-quarter strength Driver Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) basal medium and vermiculite (1:1.25, v/v). Rooting percentages were: `Sunland' (94%), `Chandler (55%), and `Vina' (27%). A positive relationship was observed between the vigor of cultivars and rooting ability, but shoot length did not affect rooting success. Rooting was optimum when shoots were cultured on root induction media for 6 to 8 days. Increasing the sucrose level in the root induction medium to 40 g·L-1 improved rooting, and shoots induced to root at 22 °C rooted more readily than those induced at 30 °C. Either increasing or decreasing the nitrogen level in the multiplication medium had a negative effect on rooting. Rooted walnut shoots often cease growth during acclimatization, resulting in shoot rosetting. Spray application of Promalin® (25 mL·L-1) caused buds to break and induced elongation of shoots. Chemical name used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals Assessment of Bacterial Blight Tolerance of Persian Walnut Based on Immature Nut Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila BANDI ◽  
Mária HEVESI ◽  
Zsolt SZANI ◽  
Magdolna TÓTH
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Persian Walnut ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Xanthomonas Arboricola

Bacterial blight is one of the most serious diseases affecting Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Susceptibility to this disease was evaluated by artificial inoculation in an in vitro experiment for cultivars developed in Hungary and for selections from Transylvania. Thirty pieces of immature fruit of 11 walnut cultivars and 10 selections were inoculated by punction using a suspension containing a mixture of Xaj-isolates of controlled virulence. As control, a moderate resistant (mR) ‘Pedro’ and a highly susceptible (hS) ‘Milotai intenzív’ cultivars were used. After ten days the diameter of the necrotic area around the inoculation points was measured and the disease rate (DR) was noted. For the calculation of indexes it was taken the structure of the lesions (diffuse or defined margin) into consideration. None of the 21 cultivars/selections analysed were found to be hardly resistant, although all of them showed a higher degree of resistance than the susceptible control (‘Milotai intenzív’). The majority of the analysed cultivars fit into the moderate susceptible (mS) and moderate resistant (mR) group. ‘Milotai kései’ and SZEN-10, had a notable reaction as considered to be moderate resistant (mR), showed a similar degree of resistance compared to the control cultivar ‘Pedro’. It was concluded that these cultivars, based on their resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, could be proposed as resistance gene sources, as well as for production purposes in the environmental conditions of the Carpathian Basin.

scholarly journals Unraveling Factors Affecting Micropropagation of Four Persian Walnut Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1417
Author(s):  
Togzhan Kadylbekovna Yegizbayeva ◽  
Silvia García-García ◽  
Tatyana Viktorovna Yausheva ◽  
Markhabat Kairova ◽  
Amangeldy Kairbekovich Apushev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Persian Walnut ◽  
In Vitro Establishment

Walnuts are considered recalcitrant to tissue culture, with a great genetic determinism on all stages of micropropagation; while other factors, also with great impact, become more complicated with the reproduction of newly realized varieties. In this research, a holistic approach aimed to determine the influence of genotype and the nutritive formulation throughout the whole cycle of micropropagation of four Persian walnut varieties (Juglans regia L.) was presented. During the in vitro establishment it was determined that besides genotype and culture medium, the effect of collection season and the likely interaction amongst factors had a great influence on the successful introduction of all four genotypes. However, all cultures were affected by a deep decay, being necessary the introduction of ethylenediamine di-2-hydroxyphenyl acetate ferric, as iron source, and Phloroglucinol in both Murashige and Skoog (1962) and the corrected Driver and Kuniyuki (1987) formulations. These modifications allowed the stabilization of cultures, maintaining thereafter a steady quality. Either proliferation, rooting and ex vitro survival of four clones were affected by the culture medium, obtaining the best results with the corrected Driver and Kuniyuki (1987) formulation. Finally, in vitro plants produced from all clones were acclimated with high survival rates (75.9–91.1% for the best culture medium), depending of clone and the culture medium used. Microsatellite analysis showed that micropropagated plants maintained the same genetic profiles of their corresponding donor trees. These results might contribute to deepening of the understanding of factors that determine the success of micropropagation of walnuts, and the extents of its influence; whereas, it sets the basis for the commercial micropropagation of all four clones.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document