scholarly journals Induction of Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryos after Pollination by Irradiated Pollen in Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1189-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sari ◽  
K. Abak ◽  
M. Pitrat ◽  
J.C. Rode ◽  
R. Dumas de Vaulx
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Haploid Plants

Parthenogenetic haploid embryos of `Crimson Sweet', `Halep Karasi', `Sugar Baby' and `Panonia F1' watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] were obtained after pollination with γ-irradiated (200 or 300 Gy) pollen. Some globular and heart-shaped embryos were observed in fruit harvested 2 to 5 weeks after pollination. The number of embryos per 100 seeds was highest for `Halep Karasi'. After in vitro culture, 17 haploid plants were obtained and doubled haploid lines were generated after chromosome doubling using colchicine.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cucumber Doubled Haploid Line Production Using In Vitro Rescue of In Vivo Induced Parthenogenic Embryos

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Claveria ◽  
Jordi Garcia-Mas ◽  
Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Doubled Haploid Line ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Haploid Plants

Homozygous doubled haploid lines (DHLs) from new cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions could be useful to accelerate breeding for resistant varieties. DHLs have been generated by in vitro rescue of in vivo induced parthenogenic embryos. The protocol developed involves the following: 1) induction of parthenogenic embryos by pollinating with pollen irradiated with a Co60 γ-ray source at 500 Gy; 2) in vitro rescue of putative parthenogenic embryos identified by their morphology and localized using a dissecting scope or X-ray radiography; 3) discrimination of undesirable zygotic individuals from the homozygous plants using cucumber and melon SSR markers; 4) determination of ploidy level from homozygous plants by flow cytometry; 5) in vitro chromosome doubling of haploids; and 6) acclimation and selfing of selected lines. Codominant markers and flow cytometry confirmed the gametophytic origin of plants regenerated by parthenogenesis, since all homozygous lines were haploids. No spontaneous doubled haploid plants were rescued. Chromosome doubling of haploid plants was accomplished by an in vitro treatment with 500 μm colchicine. Rescue of diploid or chimeric plants was shown by flow cytometry, prior to their acclimation and planting in the greenhouse. Selfing of colchicine-treated haploid plants allowed for the perpetuation by seed of homozygous lines. The high rate of seed set, 90% of the lines produced seed, facilitated the recovery of inbred lines. Despite some limiting factors, parthenogenesis is routinely used in a cucumber-breeding program to achieve complete homozygosity in one generation. Breeding for new commercial hybrid cultivars will be accelerated. DHLs are ideal resources for genomic analyses.

scholarly journals Review of research on haploid production in cucumber and other cucurbits

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Gałązka ◽  
Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Szczytt
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Ovary Culture ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT This review provides a summary of haploid induction methods and factors affecting the efficacy of specific methodologies as applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), melon (Cucumis melo L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai), winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and other cucurbits. This report is focused on studies that were carried out during the last 20 years. The main objective of the research on the production of haploid cucurbit plants is to accelerate breeding programs through the use of homozygous double haploid lines (DHL) and to facilitate the selection of desired (e.g. disease-resistant) genotypes for breeding. Unfortunately, currently used protocols result in a low number of double haploids (DH). The most common and best-known method of obtaining haploid cucurbit plants is via pollination with irradiated pollen, which induces parthenogenetic development of haploid embryos in planta. The embryos are extracted from immature seeds and cultured in vitro to facilitate the maturation and development of plants. The studies described below were primarily aimed at the determination of an appropriate dose of radiation and the evaluation of the impact of the genotype and the time of year on the number of haploid embryos and plants obtained. A less popular method of haploid production - ovule and ovary culture - is based on in vitro gynogenesis. The studies related to this method concentrated on optimising the composition of the medium and pre-treatment conditions (primarily temperature) to which the flower buds were subjected. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to anther and microspore culture. As in the case of in vitro ovule and ovary culture, the medium composition and flower bud pre-treatment conditions were optimised. The most recent studies suggest that anther culture is comparable in effectiveness to the irradiated pollen technique.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Doubled Haploid Plant Production Via Maize Technique in Bread Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Ioannis Xynias ◽  
Antonios Koufalis ◽  
Evdokia Gouli-Vavdinoudi ◽  
Demetrios Roupakias
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Doubled Haploid Plants ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Haploid Plants

Abstract The effect of two in planta factors (growth conditions, genotype) and two in vitro factors (time of embryo rescue, embryo rescue medium) on doubled haploid (DH) plant production in bread wheat via maize technique was investigated in nine F1 hybrids produced after crossing four bread wheat cultivars. During the first year one group of F1 plants was grown in a field and at the proper stage pollinated with maize pollen (sweet corn popu-lation). In parallel, a second group of F1 plants was grown in a growth chamber and pollinated as in the former group. In the second growing season the experiment was repeated but only field-grown plants were used. All the produced haploid embryos were cultured in three different media and the resulting 146 haploid plants were sub-sequently treated with aqueous solution of colchicine. Finally, 86 doubled haploid plants were obtained. We noted that the growing conditions of the parental plants and the intervening time between day of pollination and day of embryo rescue influenced the percentage of haploid embryo production. Culture medium also influenced haploid and doubled haploid plant production. The two media (MS/2, B5) were found equally effective. Most of the haploid embryos originated from the Penios × Acheloos cross, whereas most of the doubled haploid plants were produced from the KVZ × Penios cross. Doubled haploid plants were produced from all crosses.

Effects of different genotypes and gamma ray doses on haploidization with irradiated pollen technique in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatıra Taşkın ◽  
Namık Kemal Yücel ◽  
Gökhan Baktemur ◽  
Songül Çömlekçioğlu ◽  
Saadet Büyükalaca
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Haploid Embryos

Taşkın, H., Yücel, N. K., Baktemur, G., Çömlekçioğlu, S. and Büyükalaca, S. 2013. Effects of different genotypes and gamma ray doses on haploidization with irradiated pollen technique in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1165–1168. Two watermelon genotypes, one commercial watermelon variety (Ustun F1) and five different doses of gamma rays coming from Co60 were tested to develop useful haploidization procedures in watermelon. For this purpose, male flowers collected a day before anthesis were irradiated with 50, 150, 200, 275 and 300 Gy doses of gamma rays, and female flowers were pollinated with irradiated pollen the next day. Seeds extracted from fruits harvested 25 d later were opened individually in a laminar flow hood. Embryos obtained via embryo rescue technique were placed in glass tubes containing CP medium with 30 g L−1 sucrose, 8 g L−1 agar, 0.08 mg L−1 B12, and 0.02 mg L−1 IAA. Sixty haploid embryos were obtained from 43 watermelon fruits in this study. Genotype 1 was found to be the most successful genotype with 3.57 haploid embryos per 100 seeds. Among tested irradiation doses, 275 Gy was better than other doses, with 5.26 haploid embryos per 100 seeds. Considered together with irradiation dose and genotypes, the maximum number of haploid embryos was obtained from Genotype 1 pollinated with 275 Gy irradiation dose, with 6.25 haploid embryos per 100 seeds.

scholarly journals In vitro androgenesis in triticale

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
Oksana Ivanovna Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
In Vitro Androgenesis

Abstract The technology for in vitro anther culturing was optimized in hexaploid triticale using combination of external factors that allowed to obtain more than 100 doubled haploid lines. Investigation of genetic variation among anther culture derived doubled haploids of triticale showed the occurrence of heterozygous plants.

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