scholarly journals Time-of-flight Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Nondestructive Measurement of Internal Quality in Grapefruit

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kurata ◽  
Tomoe Tsuchida ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Time Resolved

We proposed a technique combining time-of-flight (TOF) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), termed TOF-NIRS, capable of measuring the time-resolved profiles of near-infrared (NIR) light with nanosecond resolution. Analysis of the variation in time-resolved profiles was used to estimate soluble solids concentration (SSC) and acidity in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), and the prediction accuracy was compared with the conventional NIR measurement device. In data processing, the cross-correlation function, which evaluated the similarity between the reference and transmitted beams, was introduced as an explanatory variable for partial least squares regression. TOF-NIRS predicted both SSC and acidity in grapefruit with higher precision than the conventional NIR measurement with respective r values of 0.72 and 0.85. Specifically, the superiority of TOF-NIRS was attributed to measurement time and prediction accuracy in determining acidity.

scholarly journals Application of Time-of-flight Near-infrared Spectroscopy to Detect Sugar and Acid Content in Satsuma Mandarin

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Tsuchikawa ◽  
Emiko Sakai ◽  
Kinuyo Inoue ◽  
Kumi Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Time Resolved

Time-of-flight near infrared spectroscopy (TOF-NIRS) was applied to the detection of sugar and acid content in Satuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc). The combined effects on the time resolved profiles of soluble solids, free acids, laser beam wavelength, and detection position of transmitted light were investigated in detail. Attenuance of peak maxima (At) and time delay of peak maxima (Δt) increased as sugar content increased. However, these optical parameters decreased with increases in acid content. In the case of a model sample of a polyurethane block immersed in specified solutions, At and Δt decreased by adding sucrose or citric acid. These results suggested that time resolved profile was governed not only by the concentration of soluble solid or free acid but also by other inherent factors of a fruit; for example, an optical characteristic of tissue or difference in refractive index between the tissue substance and the liquid. Results indicated the optimum optical parameters for detection of sugar and acid content were At and Δt, respectively.

Optical characteristics of wood investigated by time-of-flight near infrared spectroscopy

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kurata ◽  
Takaaki Fujimoto ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Optical Path Length ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Main Components

Abstract A new optical measurement system, the main components of which are a diode-pumped solid state laser and avalanche photodiodes, was introduced to clarify the optical characteristics of wood from the viewpoint of time-of-flight near infrared spectroscopy. The sample thickness and the wavelength of input pulsed laser clearly influenced the transmitted time-resolved profile. The effective optical path length became 15 times longer than the sample thickness. The optical model based on the diffusion approximation to the radiative transfer equation proved to be useful for thick samples, which can be optically regarded as an ideal diffuser, although wood is a structural material with non-homogeneous cellular structure.

scholarly journals NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT IN CERASUS HUMILIS USING VISIBLE / NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY COUPLED WITH WAVELENGTH SELECTION ALGORITHM

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Junlin He ◽  
Shujuan Zhang ◽  
Lili Li
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Cerasus Humilis ◽  
Solids Content

Soluble solids content (SSC) is one of the most important quality attributes affecting the taste and maturity of fresh fruit. In this study, with the cerasus humilis fruit as the research object, a prediction model of soluble solid content (SSC) in cerasus humilis (CH) is established based on visible / near-infrared spectroscopy to explore a nondestructive testing method of the interior quality of CH. The visible / near-infrared spectral info (350-2500nm) of 160 CHs was collected to extract the reflection spectrum, establishing the linear model (PLSR) and non-linear model (LS-SVM) of CH’s spectral info and SSC. The prediction performance and stability of the model were justified using several statistical indicators namely correlation coefficient of the prediction set (Rp), the root mean square error of the prediction set (RMSEP), and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) index. Results showed that multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was proved to be the best preprocessing method, UVE-CARS was the optimal method of dimension reduction, the quantities of characteristic wavelengths was 10 and the optimal model was UVE-CARS-PLSR, in which Rc is 0.8995, Rp is 0.8579, RMSEC is 0.8897, RMSEP is 0.9059, and RPD is 1.8766, indicating that the redundant data of the original spectrum can be reduced, the wavelength dimensions can be reduced, valid info can be retained and data processing can be simplified as UVE-CARS extracts characteristic wavelengths. Reference and theoretical basis are provided in this research for future research and development of portable detector and online sorting detection of CH internal quality.

Application of Time-of-Flight Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Wood with Anisotropic Cellular Structure

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Tsuchikawa ◽  
Shigeaki Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Time Resolved

The newly constructed optical measurement system, which was mainly composed of a parametric tunable laser and a near-infrared photoelectric multiplier, was introduced to clarify the optical characteristics of wood with anisotropic cellular structure on the basis of the time-of-flight near-infrared spectroscopy (TOF-NIRS). The combined effects of the cellular structure of the wood sample, the wavelength of the laser beam, and the detection position of transmitted light on the time-resolved profiles were investigated in detail. The substantial optical pathlength calculated from the time-resolved profile was outstandingly larger than the sample thickness. The substance of the wood was directly related to the time delay of light propagation. In applying TOF-NIRS to the cellular structural materials, it is very important to give attention to the difference in the light scattering within the cell wall and that caused by the multiple specular-like reflections between cell walls. The newly proposed empirical equation, considering the effects of optical parameters, could well express the wavelength and sample thickness dependency of the time delay of the peak maxima. The time-resolved profile was intensively governed by the combination of light-absorbing and -scattering conditions and the degree of anisotropy. These basic data will be essential for this system to put an in-process measurement system in the wood industry to practical use.

scholarly journals Application of Time-of-flight Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Detecting Water Core in Apples

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Tsuchikawa ◽  
Sanae Kumada ◽  
Kinuyo Inoue ◽  
Rae-Kwang Cho
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Optical Parameter ◽  
Optical Path Length ◽  
Light Path ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Time Resolved

Time-of-flight near-infrared spectroscopy (TOF-NIRS) was used to investigate optical characteristics of water-cored tissue in `Fuji' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh. Mansf.)]. The combined effects on the time resolved profiles of water core, laser beam wavelength, and detection position of transmitted light were investigated in detail. Attenuance of peak maxima (At), time delay of peak maxima (Δt), and variation of full width at half maximum (Δw) decreased gradually as water core increased. Water-cored tissue transmitted much more energy because of the filling of intercellular spaces with liquid, so that the light path time through a sample decreased. These parameters were also strongly dependent on detection position and wavelength of the laser beam. The substantial optical path length calculated from Δt at λ = 800 nm was 10 to 17 times, while that for λ = 900 nm varied from six to 11 times the distance of the diameter of the fruit. Results indicated the optimum optical parameter for detection of water core was Δt.

Evaluation of soluble solids of curry soup containing coconut milk by near infrared spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panmanas Sirisomboon ◽  
Jutarat Nawayon
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Processing Line

The aim of this research was to do a feasibility study of near infrared spectroscopy to evaluate soluble solids of curry soup containing coconut milk. The soup samples were collected from mixing tanks, water adjusting tanks, an ultra-high temperature process line and laminated cartons. There were also soluble solids adjusted samples by adding or reducing coconut sugar where the curry was made from the same recipe as in the processing line but increasing 30, 60 and 90% coconut sugar and reducing 30, 60 and 90% coconut sugar from normal. There were 119 samples in total. Sample was scanned with an FT-NIR spectrometer. A prediction model for soluble solids was established using near infrared spectral data in conjunction with partial least squares regression. When validated using a set of test samples, the model developed using spectra pretreated by min-max normalization in the range 9403.8–6094.3 cm−1, provided a coefficient of determination (r2), root mean square error of prediction, bias and ratio of performance to interquartile of 0.92, 1.0°Brix, 0.1°Brix and 2.4, respectively. It showed the potential of using near infrared spectroscopy to evaluate soluble solids in curry soup. With further development using more natural samples, a more robust model could be achieved to evaluate soluble solids in curry soup in a processing factory.

scholarly journals Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a Green Technology for the Quality Prediction of Intact Olives

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Silvia Grassi ◽  
Olusola Samuel Jolayemi ◽  
Valentina Giovenzana ◽  
Alessio Tugnolo ◽  
Giacomo Squeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Quality Design

Poorly emphasized aspects for a sustainable olive oil system are chemical analysis replacement and quality design of the final product. In this context, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can play a pivotal role. Thus, this study aims at comparing performances of different NIRS systems for the prediction of moisture, oil content, soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of intact olive drupes. The results obtained by a Fourier transform (FT)-NIR spectrometer, equipped with both an integrating sphere and a fiber optic probe, and a Vis/NIR handheld device are discussed. Almost all the partial least squares regression models were encouraging in predicting the quality parameters (0.64 < R2pred < 0.84), with small and comparable biases (p > 0.05). The pair-wise comparison between the standard deviations demonstrated that the FT-NIR models were always similar except for moisture (p < 0.05), whereas a slightly lower performance of the Vis/NIR models was assessed. Summarizing, while on-line or in-line applications of the FT-NIR optical probe should be promoted in oil mills in order to quickly classify the drupes for a better quality design of the olive oil, the portable and cheaper Vis/NIR device could be useful for preliminary quality evaluation of olive drupes directly in the field.

Near infrared spectroscopy to predict internal quality of mangoes

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
S.H.E.J. Gabriels ◽  
B. Brouwer ◽  
H. de Villiers ◽  
E. Westra ◽  
E.J. Woltering
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Internal Quality
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