scholarly journals Application of Time-of-flight Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Detecting Water Core in Apples

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Tsuchikawa ◽  
Sanae Kumada ◽  
Kinuyo Inoue ◽  
Rae-Kwang Cho
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Optical Parameter ◽  
Optical Path Length ◽  
Light Path ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Time Resolved

Time-of-flight near-infrared spectroscopy (TOF-NIRS) was used to investigate optical characteristics of water-cored tissue in `Fuji' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh. Mansf.)]. The combined effects on the time resolved profiles of water core, laser beam wavelength, and detection position of transmitted light were investigated in detail. Attenuance of peak maxima (At), time delay of peak maxima (Δt), and variation of full width at half maximum (Δw) decreased gradually as water core increased. Water-cored tissue transmitted much more energy because of the filling of intercellular spaces with liquid, so that the light path time through a sample decreased. These parameters were also strongly dependent on detection position and wavelength of the laser beam. The substantial optical path length calculated from Δt at λ = 800 nm was 10 to 17 times, while that for λ = 900 nm varied from six to 11 times the distance of the diameter of the fruit. Results indicated the optimum optical parameter for detection of water core was Δt.

Optical characteristics of wood investigated by time-of-flight near infrared spectroscopy

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kurata ◽  
Takaaki Fujimoto ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Optical Path Length ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Main Components

Abstract A new optical measurement system, the main components of which are a diode-pumped solid state laser and avalanche photodiodes, was introduced to clarify the optical characteristics of wood from the viewpoint of time-of-flight near infrared spectroscopy. The sample thickness and the wavelength of input pulsed laser clearly influenced the transmitted time-resolved profile. The effective optical path length became 15 times longer than the sample thickness. The optical model based on the diffusion approximation to the radiative transfer equation proved to be useful for thick samples, which can be optically regarded as an ideal diffuser, although wood is a structural material with non-homogeneous cellular structure.

scholarly journals Time-of-flight Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Nondestructive Measurement of Internal Quality in Grapefruit

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kurata ◽  
Tomoe Tsuchida ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Time Resolved

We proposed a technique combining time-of-flight (TOF) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), termed TOF-NIRS, capable of measuring the time-resolved profiles of near-infrared (NIR) light with nanosecond resolution. Analysis of the variation in time-resolved profiles was used to estimate soluble solids concentration (SSC) and acidity in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), and the prediction accuracy was compared with the conventional NIR measurement device. In data processing, the cross-correlation function, which evaluated the similarity between the reference and transmitted beams, was introduced as an explanatory variable for partial least squares regression. TOF-NIRS predicted both SSC and acidity in grapefruit with higher precision than the conventional NIR measurement with respective r values of 0.72 and 0.85. Specifically, the superiority of TOF-NIRS was attributed to measurement time and prediction accuracy in determining acidity.

scholarly journals Application of Time-of-flight Near-infrared Spectroscopy to Detect Sugar and Acid Content in Satsuma Mandarin

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Tsuchikawa ◽  
Emiko Sakai ◽  
Kinuyo Inoue ◽  
Kumi Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Time Resolved

Time-of-flight near infrared spectroscopy (TOF-NIRS) was applied to the detection of sugar and acid content in Satuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc). The combined effects on the time resolved profiles of soluble solids, free acids, laser beam wavelength, and detection position of transmitted light were investigated in detail. Attenuance of peak maxima (At) and time delay of peak maxima (Δt) increased as sugar content increased. However, these optical parameters decreased with increases in acid content. In the case of a model sample of a polyurethane block immersed in specified solutions, At and Δt decreased by adding sucrose or citric acid. These results suggested that time resolved profile was governed not only by the concentration of soluble solid or free acid but also by other inherent factors of a fruit; for example, an optical characteristic of tissue or difference in refractive index between the tissue substance and the liquid. Results indicated the optimum optical parameters for detection of sugar and acid content were At and Δt, respectively.

Application of Time-of-Flight Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Wood with Anisotropic Cellular Structure

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Tsuchikawa ◽  
Shigeaki Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Time Resolved

The newly constructed optical measurement system, which was mainly composed of a parametric tunable laser and a near-infrared photoelectric multiplier, was introduced to clarify the optical characteristics of wood with anisotropic cellular structure on the basis of the time-of-flight near-infrared spectroscopy (TOF-NIRS). The combined effects of the cellular structure of the wood sample, the wavelength of the laser beam, and the detection position of transmitted light on the time-resolved profiles were investigated in detail. The substantial optical pathlength calculated from the time-resolved profile was outstandingly larger than the sample thickness. The substance of the wood was directly related to the time delay of light propagation. In applying TOF-NIRS to the cellular structural materials, it is very important to give attention to the difference in the light scattering within the cell wall and that caused by the multiple specular-like reflections between cell walls. The newly proposed empirical equation, considering the effects of optical parameters, could well express the wavelength and sample thickness dependency of the time delay of the peak maxima. The time-resolved profile was intensively governed by the combination of light-absorbing and -scattering conditions and the degree of anisotropy. These basic data will be essential for this system to put an in-process measurement system in the wood industry to practical use.

scholarly journals A Versatile Setup for Time-Resolved Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Fast-Gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode and on Four-Wave Mixing Laser

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Di Sieno ◽  
Alberto Dalla Mora ◽  
Alessandro Torricelli ◽  
Lorenzo Spinelli ◽  
Rebecca Re ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Diffusive Medium ◽  
Spectroscopy System

In this paper, a time-domain fast gated near-infrared spectroscopy system is presented. The system is composed of a fiber-based laser providing two pulsed sources and two fast gated detectors. The system is characterized on phantoms and was tested in vivo, showing how the gating approach can improve the contrast and contrast-to-noise-ratio for detection of absorption perturbation inside a diffusive medium, regardless of source-detector separation.

ERRATA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-190
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Resolved

In the article, "A Report of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop on Near Infrared Spectroscopy" by Hirtz (Pediatrics. 1993;91:414-417), on page 416, middle of the second paragraph, "The accuracy of time-resolved methods is 30% of saturation..." should read "The accuracy of time resolved methods is 3% of saturation ..."

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