Performance evaluation of vertical handover in Internet of Vehicles

Internet of vehicles (IoV) is an emerging area that gives support for vehicles via internet assisted communication. IoV with 5G provides ubiquitous connectivity due to the participation of more than one radio access network. The mobility of vehicles demands to make handover in such heterogeneous network. The vehicles at short range uses dedicated short range communication (DSRC), while it has to use better technology for long range and any type of traffic. Usually, the previous work will directly select the network for handover or it connects with available radio access. Due to this, the occurrence of handover takes place frequently. In this paper, the integration of DSRC, LTE and mmWave 5G on IoV is incorporated with novel handover decision making, network selection and routing. The handover decision is to ensure whether there is a need for vertical handover by using Dynamic Q-learning algorithm that uses entropy function for threshold prediction as per the current characteristics of the environment. Then the network selection is based on fuzzy-convolution neural network (F-CNN) that creates fuzzy rules from signal strength, distance, vehicle density, data type and line of sight. V2V chain routing is proposed to select V2V pairs using jellyfish optimization algorithm (JOA) that takes in account of channel, vehicle and transmission metrics. This system is developed in OMNeT++ simulator and the performances are evaluated in terms of success probability, handover failure, unnecessary handover, mean throughput, delay and packet loss.

Download Full-text

Dynamic Q-learning and Fuzzy CNN Based Vertical Handover Decision for Integration of DSRC, mmWave 5G and LTE in Internet of Vehicles (IoV)

Journal of Communications ◽

10.12720/jcm.16.5.155-166 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155-166

Author(s):

Shaik Mazhar Hussain ◽

◽

Kamaludin Mohamad Yusof

Keyword(s):

Performance Metrics ◽

Selection Process ◽

Success Probability ◽

Access Network ◽

Vertical Handover ◽

Network Selection ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Handover Decision ◽

Q Learning ◽

Radio Access

Internet of vehicles commonly known as IOV is a newly emerged area which with the help of internet assisted communication provides the support to the vehicles. Due to the access of more than one radio access network, 5G makes the connectivity ubiquitous. Vehicle mobility demands for handover in such heterogeneous networks. Instead of using better technology for long ranges and other types of traffic, the vehicles are using devoted short range communications at short ranges. Commonly, networks for handovers were used to be selected directly or with the available radio access it used to connect automatically. With the help of this, the hand over occurrence now takes places frequently. This paper is based on the incorporation of DSRC, LTE as well as mm Wave on Internet of vehicles which is integrated with the Handover decision making algorithm, Network Selection and Routing. The decision of the handovers is to ensure that if there is any requirement of the vertical handovers using dynamic Q-learning algorithms in which entropy function is used to predict the threshold according to the characteristics of the environment. The network selection process is done using Fuzzy Convolution Neural Network commonly known as FCNN which makes the fuzzy rules by considering the parameters such as strength of its signal, its distance, the density of the vehicle, the type of its data as well the Line of Sight (LoS). V2V chain routing is presented in such a manner that V2V pairs are also selected with the help of jellyfish optimization algorithm considering three metrics – Vehicle metrics, Channel metrics and Vehicle performance metrics. OMNET++ simulator is the software in which system is developed. The performance evaluation is done according to its Handover Success Probability, Handover Failure, Redundant Handover, Mean Throughput, delay and Packet Loss.

Download Full-text

Handover Mechanisms in Internet of Vehicles (IoV)

Global Advancements in Connected and Intelligent Mobility - Advances in Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9019-4.ch001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Livinus Tuyisenge ◽

Marwane Ayaida ◽

Samir Tohme ◽

Lissan-Eddine Afilal

Keyword(s):

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Vehicular Networks ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Vertical Handover ◽

Ieee 802.11P ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Intelligent Transport ◽

High Level ◽

New Applications

Vertical handover is one of the key technologies that will enable the connected and autonomous vehicles deployment. The emergence of vehicular networks—V2V, V2I, V2X—communications has enabled new applications, such as cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS), real-time applications. However, these networks are characterized by a high level of mobility and dynamic change in the topology, which generates scattered networks. To address this problem and ensure a high level of performance, a new concept denoted heterogeneous vehicular networks (HVN) emerged, which is a key concept of the internet of vehicles (IoV). It consists in a hybridization the vehicular network (IEEE 802.11p) and cellular networks (3G/LTE/4G). In this chapter, authors introduced this new concept of IOV and its architectures and communication layers. Then they explored the different existing data relaying mechanisms in order to propose a new classification of handover approaches. After that, they presented the support of handover mechanisms in LTE and finally highlighted some handover challenges and issues.

Download Full-text