Winter Cover Crop Seeding Rate and Variety Effects during Eight Years of Organic Vegetables: III. Cover Crop Residue Quality and Nitrogen Mineralization

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Brennan ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Richard F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Organic Vegetables ◽  
Winter Cover

scholarly journals Influences of crop rotation tillage residue management and winter cover crop on takeall in spring wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
G.S. Francis ◽  
L.A. Trimmer ◽  
F.J. Tabley ◽  
R.N. Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Very High

The effects of soil and residue management factors (tillage postharvest crop residue management and winter cover crops) and crop rotation (wheat following two barley crops wheat following ryegrass) on take all were compared in a 3year field trial in Canterbury Incidence of takeall was very high in plots that had previously grown barley and very low in plots that followed ryegrass Takeall incidence was also much greater in plots that were disced than in plots that were directdrilled Differences in soil pH and in plant emergence were also recorded between disced and directdrilled plots but there was no evidence that they caused the increased levels of takeall There was a tendency towards reduced yields in the disced plots that had severe levels of takeall

Effect of Plowing Date and Certain Crop Rotations on Peanut Productivity1

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hallock
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Summer Crop

Abstract The relationship of certain land management systems to productivity and pod breakdown disease incidence in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) was studied in Virginia during 1971–74. Main treatments were three dates of moldboard plowing prior to planting peanuts in the rotations. Splitplot treatments were 2-year rotations: (I) peanuts followed by rye (Secale cereale) winter cover crop then corn (Zea mays) followed by rye winter cover crop; (II) peanuts followed by rye winter cover crop then soybeans (Glycine max) followed by no winter cover crop (except weeds); (III) peanuts followed by rye winter cover crop then no summer crop (residue of unharvested rye) nor cover crop planted; (IV) peanuts followed by rye winter cover crop then corn followed by fallow in winter, weeds prevented. Dates of plowing treatments affected peanut productivity most. Gross crop values and yields in plots plowed in December were 7%, and 18-to-20%, respectively, higher than when plots were plowed in March or May. Sound mature kernel contents also were lower for the later plowing dates. Differences among rotation treatment means occurred only when plots were plowed in May. Gross crop values were higher for rotation I than for rotation III and IV. In 1974, gross crop values obtained from plots plowed in March in rotation IV were equivalent to those from plots plowed in December. None of the treatments differentially affected pod breakdown disease significantly. However, the percentage of rotted pods averaged somewhat lower in plots plowed in December.

scholarly journals Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N2O or CH4 Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System?

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Yuanliang Shi ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Zhijie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Chinese Milk Vetch ◽  
Winter Fallow

Cover crop management during the fallow season may play a relevant role in improving crop productivity and soil quality, by increasing nitrogen (N) and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation, but has the possibility of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. A year-long consistency experiment was conducted to examine the effects of various winter covering crops on annual nitrous oxide (N2O) together with methane (CH4) emissions in the mono-rice planting system, including direct emissions in the cover crop period and the effects of incorporating these crops on gaseous emissions during the forthcoming rice (Oryza Sativa L.) growing period, to improve the development of winter fallow paddy field with covering crops and to assess rice cultivation patterns. The experiment included three treatments: Chinese milk vetch-rice (Astragalus sinicus L.) with cover crop residue returned (T1), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)-rice with cover crop residue returned (T2), and rice with winter fallow (CK). Compared with CK, the two winter cover crop treatments significantly increased rice yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) by 6.9–14.5%, 0.8–2.1% and 3.4–5.4%, respectively. In all cases, the fluxes of CH4 and N2O could increase with the incorporation of N fertilizer application and cover crop residues. Short-term peaks of these two gas fluxes were monitored after all crop residues were incorporated in the soil preparation period, the early vegetative growth period and the midseason drainage period. The winter cover crop residue application greatly enhanced CH4 and N2O cumulative emissions compared with CK (by 193.6–226.5% and 37.5–43.7%, respectively) during rice growing season and intercropping period. Meanwhile, the mean values of global warming potentials (GWPs) from paddy fields with different cropping crops were T2 > T1 > CK. Considering the advantages of crop productivity together with environmental safety and soil quality, Chinese milk vetch-rice with cover crop residue returned would be the most practicable and sustainable cultivation pattern for the mono-rice cropping systems.

Winter Cover Crop and Management Effects on Summer and Annual Nutrient Yields

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Rowe ◽  
Timothy E. Fairbrother ◽  
Karamat A. Sistani
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Management Effects

Influence of Winter Cover Crop Mulch on Arthropods in a Reduced Tillage Cucurbit System

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L Buchanan ◽  
Cerruti R R Hooks
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover

scholarly journals Assessing winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency using a water quality simulation model

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 5239-5253 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.-Y. Yeo ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
A. M. Sadeghi ◽  
P. C. Beeson ◽  
W. D. Hively ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrate Export ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Abstract. Winter cover crops are an effective conservation management practice with potential to improve water quality. Throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW), which is located in the mid-Atlantic US, winter cover crop use has been emphasized, and federal and state cost-share programs are available to farmers to subsidize the cost of cover crop establishment. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effect of planting winter cover crops to improve water quality at the watershed scale (~ 50 km2) and to identify critical source areas of high nitrate export. A physically based watershed simulation model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was calibrated and validated using water quality monitoring data to simulate hydrological processes and agricultural nutrient cycling over the period of 1990–2000. To accurately simulate winter cover crop biomass in relation to growing conditions, a new approach was developed to further calibrate plant growth parameters that control the leaf area development curve using multitemporal satellite-based measurements of species-specific winter cover crop performance. Multiple SWAT scenarios were developed to obtain baseline information on nitrate loading without winter cover crops and to investigate how nitrate loading could change under different winter cover crop planting scenarios, including different species, planting dates, and implementation areas. The simulation results indicate that winter cover crops have a negligible impact on the water budget but significantly reduce nitrate leaching to groundwater and delivery to the waterways. Without winter cover crops, annual nitrate loading from agricultural lands was approximately 14 kg ha−1, but decreased to 4.6–10.1 kg ha−1 with cover crops resulting in a reduction rate of 27–67% at the watershed scale. Rye was the most effective species, with a potential to reduce nitrate leaching by up to 93% with early planting at the field scale. Early planting of cover crops (~ 30 days of additional growing days) was crucial, as it lowered nitrate export by an additional ~ 2 kg ha−1 when compared to late planting scenarios. The effectiveness of cover cropping increased with increasing extent of cover crop implementation. Agricultural fields with well-drained soils and those that were more frequently used to grow corn had a higher potential for nitrate leaching and export to the waterways. This study supports the effective implementation of cover crop programs, in part by helping to target critical pollution source areas for cover crop implementation.

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