scholarly journals Influence of Dairy Slurry Manure Application Method, Fall Application‐Timing, and Winter Rye Management on Nitrogen Conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Milliron ◽  
Heather D. Karsten ◽  
Douglas B. Beegle
Keyword(s):  
Winter Rye ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Nitrogen Conservation ◽  
Fall Application

scholarly journals Winter Annual Rye Seeding Date Influence on Nitrogen Recovery and Ammonia Volatilization from Late Fall Surface-Applied Manure

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Akbari ◽  
Stephen Herbert ◽  
Masoud Hashemi ◽  
Allen Barker ◽  
Omid Reza Zandvakili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Forage Rape ◽  
Fall Application

Dairy farmers in the northeast face challenges in the application of manure in fall and on-time planting of cool-season grasses to maximize recovery of residual N and nutrients released from fall applied manure. Ammonia emission from animal manure is a serious environmental concern and can be reduced if cover crop is integrated in the farming system. On-time planting of cover crops can reduce ammonia volatilization from fall, surface-applied manure, and prevents N loss to leaching. A two-year study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate if time of planting of winter annual rye (Secale cereale L.) along with late fall application of manure when air temperature is low can influence ammonia emission and preserve nitrogen (N) to meet the N requirement of forage rape. Three planting dates (16 September, 30 September, and 14 October) of rye cover crop with two manure application treatments including late-fall application and no manure were assessed for mitigating ammonia volatilization, and also yield and recovery of N by forage rape (Brassica napus L.). The highest rates of ammonia volatilization were detected in the first 24 hours after manure spreading regardless of the treatment. The result indicated that cover crop use significantly limited volatilization compared with no cover crop. The earliest planting date produced 3823 kg ha−1 dry matter of winter rye cover crop that was 16 and 35 percent higher than second and third dates of planting, respectively. The manured cover crop accumulated 132 kg N ha−1 when planted early. However, biomass yield of forage rape was more when planted after all cover crop treatments with manure application. Prior to forage planting, the nitrate-N content in all three soil depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) in the plots with manure was higher than plots with no manure. No significant differences in forage rape yield was detected among winter rye planting dates; however, forage rape planted after winter rye was higher than after no-cover crop. The results of this study suggest that when immediate incorporation of manure into soil is not feasible, establishing cover crop early and then applying manure in the late fall, is a practical management to limit nonpoint source pollution from ammonia loss.

Weed Control Using an Enclosed Thermal Heating Apparatus

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Hoyle ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
J. Jack Rose
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Virginia Buttonweed ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Weed control by heat or flaming typically uses flames to burn small weeds, directed away from desired crops. This research studied an enclosed flaming system for weed control before turfgrass establishment. Field research trials were conducted to explore the efficacy of a PL-8750 flame sanitizer at two application timings. Treatments included various application methods of PL-8750 flame sanitizer and common thermal and chemical weed control methods. Data were weed control relative to the control treatment. Species evaluated included carpetweed, Virginia buttonweed, spotted spurge, large crabgrass, goosegrass, old world diamond-flower, cocks-comb kyllinga, and yellow nutsedge. Turfgrass establishment was not successful in summer but was successful in fall. Fall-application timing trials resulted in > 60% tall fescue establishment at 6 wk after seeding (WAS) for all treatments. Summer-application timing trials resulted in unacceptable turfgrass establishment (≤ 18%) for all evaluated turfgrass species at 6 WAS. Broadleaf and grassy weeds were better controlled compared with sedge weeds. Overall, solarization; covered, emerged-weed flaming; and double applications of covered, emerged-weed flaming were the most successful treatments. Solarization controlled carpetweed, Virginia buttonweed, spotted spurge, large crabgrass, and goosegrass > 80% at 6 WAS. Weed control across thermal treatments were equal to or greater than the comparison chemical treatment (dazomet at 389 kg ha−1). Results indicate thermal weed control has potential for reducing weed populations before turfgrass establishment.

Effects of surface manure application timing on ammonia volatilization

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon ◽  
R. Jamieson ◽  
V. Rodd ◽  
G. Patterson ◽  
T. Harz
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Linear Correlations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of timing of application on ammonia (NH3) volatilization from surface-applied dairy manure. Field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (1994 and 1995) at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Farm in Nappan, Nova Scotia. A total of eight trials were performed in an attempt to characterize what effect the timing of application (morning vs. late afternoon/early evening) has on NH3 volatilization losses. Ammonia losses were also related to several meteorological parameters. The total percentage of NH3 volatilized in the 10 h following field spreading ranged from as low as < 2% to approximately 66%. Late-day spreading typically resulted in at least a 30% reduction in overall NH3 flux densities, primarily due to substantial reductions in NH3 losses occurring within the first 10 h after manure application. The positive benefits of late-day manure spreading were more pronounced during warm, dry weather conditions. Significant (P < 0.05) positive linear correlations were observed between NH3 volatilization in the 10 h following spreading and solar radiation (r2 = 0.56), wind speed (r2 = 0.53), temperature (r2 = 0.34) and vapour pressure deficit (r2 = 0.53). Results from this study have indicated that late day manure spreading practices can substantially reduce NH3 volatilization. Key words: Slurry, ammonia volatilization, dairy, manure application, timing

Corn Residue Level and Manure Application Timing Effects on Phosphorus Losses in Runoff

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1620-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Grande ◽  
K. G. Karthikeyan ◽  
Paul S. Miller ◽  
J. Mark Powell
Keyword(s):  
Residue Level ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Timing Effects ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

scholarly journals Manure Application Timing and Tillage Influence on Nutrient Loss from Snowmelt Runoff

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ammar B. Bhandari ◽  
Ronald Gelderman ◽  
David German ◽  
Dennis Todey
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus

Winter manure application contributes substantial nutrient loss during snowmelt and influences water quality. The goal of this study is to develop best management practices (BMPs) for winter manure management. We compared nutrient concentrations in snowmelt runoff from three dates of feedlot solid beef manure application (November, January, and March) at 18 tons ha−1 on untilled and fall-tilled plots. The manure was applied at a single rate. Sixteen 4 m2 steel frames were installed in the fall to define individual plots. Treatments were randomly assigned so that each tillage area had two control plots, two that received manure during November, two in January, and two in March. Snowmelt runoff from each individual plot was collected in March and analyzed for runoff volume (RO), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP). Snowmelt runoff concentrations and loads of NH4-N, TKN, TP, and TDP were significantly higher in runoff from manure application treatments compared to control. The concentration of NH4-N and loads of NH4-N and TDP were significantly (p = 0.05) greater (42%, 51%, and 47%, respectively) from untilled compared to fall-tilled plots. The November application significantly increased RO, NH4-N, and TDP concentrations and loads in the snowmelt runoff compared to January and March applications. Results showed that nutrient losses in snowmelt runoff were reduced from manure applications on snow compared to non-snow applications. The fall tillage before winter manure application decreased nutrient losses compared to untilled fields.

Effect of Manure Application Timing on Potato Yield, Quality, and Disease Incidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan A. Curless ◽  
Keith A. Kelling ◽  
Phillip E. Speth ◽  
Walter R. Stevenson ◽  
R. Vaughan James
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield Quality
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