Registration of Diploid Alfalfa ( Medicago Sativa spp. Falcata Germplasms for Biotechnology Research and Development

Crop Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Groose ◽  
Y. G. Li
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ayo Adisa ◽  
Adegbenga E Adekoya ◽  
Udom E Inyeneh ◽  
Isaac Auta Toro ◽  
Edore Thomas Akpokodje ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-139
Author(s):  
Mirjana Stankovic ◽  
Bratislav Stankovic

One of the vigorously debated topics related to the protection of biotechnology inventions has been the issue of patents on biotechnology research tools, which usually are used in very early stages of biotechnology research. Proponents of patenting argue that the patent system acts as an incentive for biotech/pharma companies to invest in research and development which is aimed at developing biotech research tools. Opponents of patenting maintain that such patents might impede future research by creating “patent-thickets” and preventing researchers from performing experiments which rely on the patented tools without authorization and royalty payments.The Republic of Macedonia is a small, developing country that lacks specifically crafted legislation or even an articulated public policy promoting the growth of the biotechnology sector. Macedonian patent law contains rather broad exemption to patent rights, termed in “free use for personal and non commercial purposes” and “free use for research and development” of a patented invention. These provisions use obfuscating language and might generate confusion and divergent judicial practices. Also problematic are the law’s provisions which pertain to biotechnology patents and, especially, exemptions to biotechnology patents; these appear to misinterpret the mirroring provisions of the European Union Biotechnology Directive.This article argues in favor of amending the Macedonian industrial property law with a list of both specific exemptions and safeguards, which should provide clarity in future judicial practice pertaining to experimental-use exemptions of biotech research-tool patents in this country.


2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Zylberberg ◽  
Asli Ceylan Oner ◽  
Ezequiel Zylberberg

Biotechnology related developments in Argentina have gained momentum in the past few years. The creation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovative Production in 2007 that focuses on high-tech growth in technology related fields including biotechnology, demonstrates the public sector commitment to a field with a thriving business sector and promising improvements in research and development. By embracing its agricultural advantage and investing in research and innovation, Argentina has seen its stock of biotech companies grow to 120, of which 90 percent are domestic small and medium size. Today, biotechnology researchers in Argentina engage in international collaboration with other scholars and globally recognized institutions and the country has bilateral agreements with other countries to support biotechnology related research and development. There are many governmental and non-profit organizations that are influential in shaping Argentina’s vision on biotechnology. Although the government places importance in providing support in biotechnology research, innovation and investment, the paper argues that the rapid growth trends in the industry requires biotechnology to become higher on the national agenda. The lack of a royalty collection system, the absence of patent protection, and the inadequate sources of venture capital still remain as important problems. Attracting new forms of foreign capital, higher investment in infrastructure, building on existing regional and global networks in research and development, are all important areas for improvement to advance biotechnology in Argentina.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Parrott ◽  
John Harbell ◽  
Heidi Kaeppler ◽  
Todd Jones ◽  
Dwight Tomes ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 9459-9466
Author(s):  
Esmailzadeh Hamid ◽  
Hossein Mehralhasani Mohammad ◽  
Dehnavieh Reza ◽  
Ibrahimipour Hosein ◽  
Noori Hekmat Somayeh ◽  
...  

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