Biotechnology in Argentina: Development and Resources

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Zylberberg ◽  
Asli Ceylan Oner ◽  
Ezequiel Zylberberg
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Government

Biotechnology related developments in Argentina have gained momentum in the past few years. The creation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovative Production in 2007 that focuses on high-tech growth in technology related fields including biotechnology, demonstrates the public sector commitment to a field with a thriving business sector and promising improvements in research and development. By embracing its agricultural advantage and investing in research and innovation, Argentina has seen its stock of biotech companies grow to 120, of which 90 percent are domestic small and medium size. Today, biotechnology researchers in Argentina engage in international collaboration with other scholars and globally recognized institutions and the country has bilateral agreements with other countries to support biotechnology related research and development. There are many governmental and non-profit organizations that are influential in shaping Argentina’s vision on biotechnology. Although the government places importance in providing support in biotechnology research, innovation and investment, the paper argues that the rapid growth trends in the industry requires biotechnology to become higher on the national agenda. The lack of a royalty collection system, the absence of patent protection, and the inadequate sources of venture capital still remain as important problems. Attracting new forms of foreign capital, higher investment in infrastructure, building on existing regional and global networks in research and development, are all important areas for improvement to advance biotechnology in Argentina.  

Main aspects of the Malaysia's international cooperation in the field of science and research

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Simonenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Science And Research

Political and economic factors in Malaysia are aware of the need to increase the country's role in international scientific networks. National strategies and programs are working to create political conditions for the growth of the share of scientific achievements and high-tech industries. The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation has primary responsibility for the development and coordination of research and development (R&D) policies in Malaysia. The state encourages national and foreign businesses to invest in R&D, although the share of state-owned companies in large projects remains decisive. Corporate participation in advanced R&D areas in Malaysia is still limited, so proactive efforts will be required to develop this area. The Government of Malaysia has developed a system for supporting international cooperation in the field of R&D, signed about 200 high-level bilateral agreements, which envisage the development of research cooperation. In recent decades, Malaysia has moved from a recipient of international scientific and technical support to a group of partner countries, and in a number of aspects – donors. Given Malaysia's commitment to transforming into a high-income country, we can expect an increase in its role in the development of biotechnology, information and communication technologies (ICT), industrial and space technologies. On these positions, Russia and Malaysia have overlapping interests and could increase cooperation. Malaysia, which does not have a deep scientific and technical tradition, respects the experience of Russian scientists. It is necessary to use this potential and strengthen the Russia's position in R&D in Malaysia and the Southeast Asia as a whole.

scholarly journals High technology export and high technology export impact on growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Yurdagül Meral
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
High Technology ◽  
High Tech ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

The term high-tech, covering the high-tech industry and the information-intensive service sector, is based on advanced scientific and technological expertise that requires science, technology, and innovation (STI), and is based on Research & Development expenditure. Sectoral, product and patent approaches are used for classification by OECD and European Union. Literature review on high-tech show that countries focusing on Research and Development Expenditures and new patents have succeeded in increasing their high-tech exports as well. Turkey is one of the countries where the levels of high-tech export is not at the desired levels yet therefore the government must give incentives for Research and Development expenditures and new patents for innovation, as high-tech export affects GDP growth positively.

R&D Performance in High-Tech Firms in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Sang-Ho Lee ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Industrial Upgrading ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Using firm-level data from Changzhou, a prefectural city in China's Yangzi River Delta, we investigate the performance of both internal and external research and development (R&D) in high-tech firms. We find that, on average, high-tech firms with more internal R&D expenditure apply for more patents in terms of both the total number of patents and the number of invention patents. Internal R&D is most efficient in foreign firms, followed by private firms and then state-owned enterprises. These findings highlight the importance of privatizing high-tech firms in China if the government intends to accelerate industrial upgrading and convert the pattern of “Made in China” into “Created in China.”

scholarly journals THE INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIAL СLUSTER CONCEPT OF REGIONAL MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOECONOMIC SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Panarina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Regional Management ◽  
The Government

The focus on the relationship between sustainable development, regionalism and clusterisation of economy formed a scientific interest of the present paper. Based on a questionnaire filled in by a sample of managers from 3 cluster-oriented regions of Russia, the perception of business strengths and weaknesses and the assessment of the external environment were investigated and paralleled with the main causes for the success of clusters or underutilization of the clusters integrated benefits. The efficiency of a region’s cluster-type development was linked to optimization of resources potential and national industrial complex enlargement, growth of market infrastructure, recruiting qualified personnel, attracting small and medium-size innovative businesses, and collaborative engagement of all entities participating in the strategic alliance within a cluster. The purpose of this research was to identify key factors of successful clustering of an economy based on experience of foreign clusters and leading clusters of the Russian economy, and to stimulate the influence of innovative clusters on regional social-economic development in Russia. The research methodology is based on the cluster concept of regional management and numerous case-studies that describe the cases of high-tech clusters nationally and internationally. Conclusions of the study give a plausible picture of the level of development, interrelated with the quality of business strategies in the measured regions, and ask for a comparative analysis of more Russian regions. The present study contributes to the government body of regional management to approach sustainable development of social-economic systems and increasing entrepreneurial activity in the regions of the Russian Federation. Keywords: cluster efficiency, cluster strategy, economic competitiveness, innovation economy, innovative industrial cluster, national innovation systems, regional development, clustering success factors

scholarly journals Issue of crypto currency as a means of achieving scientific and technological progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Viktor N. Terent'ev ◽  
Konstantin G. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
The Government

The distribution of federal budget funds for 2021-2023 years shows a tendency to reduce the cost of maintaining high-tech innovative research. The problem of attracting funds to innovative activities is becoming one of the main areas of activity. The subject of the study is the system of financing, including through investment mechanisms, research and development activities in the conduct of high-tech research, design developments. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for financing research and development activities through the institution of ICO projects. The following methods are used: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; private-scientific methods: legal-dogmatic and method of interpretation of legal norms. The analysis of the existing system of financing high-tech research and design development is carried out, and the main problems of the existing system of implementing state space programs are highlighted. The features of the issue of crypto currency through ICO projects for the implementation of scientific research are disclosed. This study proposes a model for the development of economic relations between the private sector involved in the implementation of domestic scientific research and the customer, represented by the Government of the Russian Federation. The presented model of interaction of participants of the domestic market of space technologies is aimed at creating favorable conditions for the development of domestic cosmonautics, conducting research and development activities. The proposed model of issuing crypto currency through ICO projects for the implementation of scientific research will increase the funding of domestic research and development activities. The stabilization of investment processes that contribute to long-term planning of investment returns will allow large financial flows of private investors to be poured into scientific and technical research. As a result, a planned increase in investment activity is expected, which allows launching innovative projects on a federal scale without attracting budget funds.

Artificial Intelligence as a Technological Innovation to Accelerate Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
S. V. Shchurina ◽  
A. S. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the introduction of artificial intelligence as a technological innovation into the Russian economic development. The relevance of the problem is due to the fact that the Russian market of artificial intelligence is still in the infancy and the necessity to bridge the current technological gap between Russia and the leading economies of the world is coming to the forefront. The financial sector, the manufacturing industry and the retail trade are the drivers of the artificial intelligence development. However, company managers in Russia are not prepared for the practical application of expensive artificial intelligence technologies. Under these circumstances, the challenge is to develop measures to support high-tech projects of small and medium-sized businesses, given that the technological innovation considered can accelerate the development of the Russian economy in the energy sector fully or partially controlled by the government as well as in the military-industrial complex and the judicial system.The purposes of the research were to examine the current state of technological innovations in the field of artificial intelligence in the leading countries and Russia and develop proposals for improving the AI application in the Russian practices.The paper concludes that the artificial intelligence is a breakthrough technology with a great application potential. Active promotion of the artificial intelligence in companies significantly increases their efficiency, competitiveness, develops industry markets, stimulates introduction of new technologies, improves product quality and scales up manufacturing. In general, the artificial intelligence gives a new impetus to the development of Russia and facilitates its entry into the five largest world’s economies.

Globalization and Transnational Human Capital: Overseas and Returnee Scholars to China

2004 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 735-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zweig ◽  
Chen Changgui ◽  
Stanley Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Employment System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
People’S Perceptions

As societies internationalize, the demand for, and the value of, various goods and services increase. Individuals who possess new ideas, technologies and information that abets globalization become imbued with “transnational human capital,” making them more valuable to these societies. This report looks at this issue from five perspectives. First, it shows that China's education and employment system is now highly internationalized. Secondly, since even Chinese scholars sent by the government rely heavily on foreign funds to complete their studies, China is benefiting from foreign capital invested in the cohort of returnees. Thirdly, the report shows that foreign PhDs are worth more than domestic PhDs in terms of people's perceptions, technology transfer and in their ability to bring benefits to their universities. Finally, returnees in high tech zones, compared to people in the zones who had not been overseas, were more likely to be importing technology and capital, to feel that their skills were in great demand within society, and to be using that technology to target the domestic market.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Pipeline Coordinators

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (S1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Baraldi ◽  
Olof Lindahl ◽  
Miloje Savic ◽  
David Findlay ◽  
Christine Årdal
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Global Priority ◽  
The World ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research and development (R&D) of new antibiotics. Every pathogen on this list requires R&D activity, but some are more attractive for private sector investments, as evidenced by the current antibacterial pipeline. A “pipeline coordinator” is a governmental/non-profit organization that closely tracks the antibacterial pipeline and actively supports R&D across all priority pathogens employing new financing tools.

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