Nitrogen Delivery Method and Monensin Effects on Productivity, Nutritive Value, and Botanical Composition of Grazed Annual Ryegrass Pasture

Crop Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2249-2257
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Gunter ◽  
Mary K. Mullenix ◽  
Lance C. Burdette ◽  
Russell B. Muntifering
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Delivery Method

PSXI-18 Nitrogen fertilization management of winter pastures for stocker cattle production

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 349-350
Author(s):  
Guillermo Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Gulf Coast Region

Abstract Bermudagrass is often over-seeded with a cool-season annual grass for grazing purposes. In the Gulf Coast region, summer perennials will not become dormant until there are low soil and ambient temperatures. Nitrogen fertilizer is an expensive input and its split application for winter pastures is recommended. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the time of application of N fertilizer or its substitution with red clover as a source of N. Three treatments were evaluated in 3 consecutive years (2 replicates per year) on annual ryegrass (cv. Marshall) no-tilled planted (45 kg/ha) on Tifton-85 bermudagrass: 1) Urea in late November and mid-late January; 2) Red clover planted with annual ryegrass; 3) Urea in January only. Thirty crossbred steers (203±24 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups. Each group were continuously stocked on 1.34 ha pastures for 90 d. Forage mass, botanical composition, and nutritive value of the pastures were determined from the time of the first N application and every 15 d thereafter. There was treatment x year interaction (P = 0.03) in botanical composition. Greater proportions (P = 0.03) of bermudagrass were present on the 2-application treatment on every sampling date until d 15 of the grazing period in Year 1 and 3. This was a result of N absorbed by bermudagrass which impacted its nutritive value (P = 0.01) although not forage production (P = 0.07). In Year 2, annual ryegrass dominated the swards due to a cold artic front in early November. Steers grazing fertilized treatments had greater gains (P = 0.04), while production per ha was greater (P = 0.03) when N was applied in January than when no N was applied. Hay production (kg DM/ha) was similar (P = 0.06) among treatments. Opportunities for improved economics of production and enhanced sustainability appear to be realistic objectives with changes in fertilization strategy.

scholarly journals 115 Nitrogen fertilizer effects on above ground sward characteristics and beef heifer performance from native warm-season grass blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Caroline Chappell ◽  
Landon Marks ◽  
Katie Mason ◽  
Mary K Mullenix ◽  
Sandra L Dillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Canopy Light Interception

Abstract A 2-yr study was conducted at Black Belt Research and Extension Center in Marion Junction, AL, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate on forage production characteristics, nutritive value, and animal performance of beef heifers grazing a mixture of native warm-season grasses (NWSG) including big bluestem, little bluestem, and indiangrass. Six, two-hectare plots were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (0 or 67 kg N ha-1 applied in early April; n = 3 replications per treatment). Paddocks were continuously stocked with four weaned Angus × Simmental beef heifers (initial BW 288 ± 7 kg) from late May/early June through mid-to-late August during 2018 (73 grazing d) and 2019 (70 grazing d), respectively. Put-and-take cattle were used to manage forage to a target of 38 cm. Forage mass and canopy heights were collected every two weeks during the trial. Visual ground cover ratings, canopy light interception, and botanical composition were measured at the beginning and end of the trial in each year. Hand-plucked samples were collected every two weeks during the grazing trial to determine forage nutritional value. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4, and differences were declared significant when P ≤ 0.05. Nitrogen fertilized NWSG had greater crude protein (P < 0.0001), sward heights (P = 0.0003), and canopy light interception at the beginning of the season (P = 0.0049) compared to non-fertilized paddocks. However, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.05) among N-fertility treatments for mean forage mass, heifer ADG, or BCS across the 2-yr study. Botanical composition data indicated that indiangrass decreased from 64% to 61% (P = 0.0022) and weed pressure increased from 11% to 15% (P = 0.0064) across the summer grazing season. Canopy light interception decreased by 51% from early June to August in fertilized NWSG and 26% in unfertilized paddocks, respectively. These data illustrate that NWSG systems may provide a viable grazing system in the summer months under reduced N inputs.

scholarly journals 57 Effects of Diploid and Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass Cultivars on Cattle Performance, Herbage Mass, and Nutritive Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Sarah M Montgomery ◽  
Brandi Karisch ◽  
Jane A Parish ◽  
Jesse Morrison ◽  
Brian Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be divided into two cytotypes: diploid (2n = 2x) and tetraploid (2n = 4x). Polyploid versions of a given plant species result in increased seedling vigor, more robust growth and, potentially, greater yield. While most data suggest no difference in yield between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, there is still potential for weight gain advantages thanks to increased non-structural carbohydrates in tetraploid cells. The objectives of this study were to compare weight gain of cattle grazing either diploid or tetraploid cultivars of annual ryegrass. Two diploid annual ryegrass cultivars (Marshall and Tam 90) and two tetraploid cultivars (Jumbo and Nelson) were planted in 0.81-ha pastures, each replicated four times. Four steers (mean initial BW = 214 kg) were randomly assigned to each pasture for an 82-d grazing period. Body weights were recorded starting at d0 then every 28 days throughout the season. Data were analyzed in the GLM procedure of SAS using a significance level of α = 0.05. There were significant differences between cytotypes with respect to seasonal yield with diploids (9547.90 kg/ha) yielding greater than tetraploids (7762.00 kg/ha). As expected, ADF and NDF fractions were significantly less for tetraploids (ADF; 31.39%, NDF; 31.39%) compared to diploids (ADF; 33.75%, NDF; 53.25%). Tetraploids also contained significantly greater crude protein (13.50%) than diploids (12.90%). Cytotype had no effect on final average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.9427). However, final ADG was significantly impacted by cultivar (P = 0.0134). Final ADG for Tam 90 (1.10 kg/d) was greater than Marshall (0.92 kg/d). Cattle grazing Nelson (1.04 kg/d) and Jumbo (0.99 kg/d) did not differ. Results show that regardless of differences in seasonal yield and nutritive value between cytotypes, there were no advantages in ADG for cattle grazing either cytotype.

IMPACT OF SOIL RECONSTRUCTION METHOD ON YIELD, NUTRITIVE VALUE AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF A MIXED GRASS-LEGUME STAND

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1267-1282
Author(s):  
C.D. Teutsch ◽  
W.L. Daniels ◽  
Z.W. Orndorff ◽  
M.M. Alley ◽  
K.R. Meredith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Mixed Grass

scholarly journals Botanical composition and nutritive value of cattle diets on southern pine range

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Pearson ◽  
H.E. Grelen ◽  
E.A. Epps ◽  
M.K. Johnson ◽  
B.W. Blakewood
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Southern Pine

scholarly journals Hill country pastures, botanical composition and productive capacity

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
G.P. Cosgrove ◽  
T.R.O. Field
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Compliance Requirements ◽  
Resource Status ◽  
Demand Profile

Botanical composition of pastures is indicative of their dry matter production and nutritive value and so capacity for animal production. Two previous national pasture surveys were conducted in 1935/1940 and in 1987/1988, and one regional survey in 1967/1968, to assess the state of this resource across all land classes. Among many purposes, results from these surveys were used to assess the outcomes of technological advances such as aerial topdressing and oversowing in hill country from the 1950s onwards, and to record changes in the abundance of particular species such as C4 grasses that could indicate effects of climate change, and identify research needs and opportunities. In the 28 years since the most recent survey, there have been many changes in the farm operating environment. This is particularly so in hill country, where other sectors such as forestry and dairy have encroached on traditional sheep and beef land, and poor profitability has forced variable and often sub-maintenance applications of phosphate (P) and sulphur (S) fertilisers. However, the low use of P and S has been partly offset by increased use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser. The declining number of beef cows, substituted by growing dairy and dairy-beef cattle, and the remarkable increase in the per head productivity of sheep are probably the biggest changes shifting the feed demand profile and the ratio of mature: young livestock. These changes affect pasture utilisation. This paper will consider the possible effects of those changes over the 28 years since the most recent national survey of pasture botanical composition, and the future capacity and resilience of this important resource to cope with continuing farm system change, emerging pressures for productivity growth, and regulatory and compliance requirements. Keywords: hill country pasture, botanical composition, resource status, survey

scholarly journals Response of simple grass-white clover and multi-species pastures to gibberellic acid or nitrogen fertiliser in autumn

2013 ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Van Rossum ◽  
R.H. Bryant ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Herbage dry matter (DM) production, botanical composition and nutritive value of pastures were measured in response to the application of 24 g/ ha gibberellic acid (GA; 60 g ProGibb®/ha) and 50 kg N/ha nitrogen fertiliser (N; 106 kg urea/ha) in autumn. Responses were compared for simple two species grass (perennial ryegrass or tall fescue)-white clover pastures and multi-species pastures where herbs (chicory and plantain), legumes (red clover and lucerne) and prairie grass were sown with the simple mixtures. Four weeks after application, the increase in DM yield averaged across pasture mixtures relative to untreated plots was 273, 104, and 493 kg DM/ha for GA alone, N fertiliser alone, and GA and N combined, respectively. Application of GA increased the white clover percentage in all pastures except simple tall fescue pastures. The percentage of herbs in multispecies pastures was increased by application of N but not GA. Crude protein concentration was decreased by GA application in all pastures except simple ryegrass pastures. The results from this study show that it is important to consider the botanical composition of pastures when determining the effect of GA on DM yield and nutritive value. Keywords: crude protein, Cichorium intybus, Festuca arundinacea, gibberellins, Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata, nutritive value

scholarly journals 28 Three-year evaluation of yield and nutritive value of tifton-85 bermudagrass and tifton-85 bermudagrass-alfalfa mixtures produced as baleage in the southeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Taylor J Hendricks ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Dennis W Hancock ◽  
Lawton Stewart ◽  
Jacob R Segers
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
The University

Abstract Interseeding a legume, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa), into bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) for baleage production can improve forage quality, reduce supplementation needs, and minimize production losses. The objective of this research was to compare the nutritive value and yield of bermudagrass with and without interseeded alfalfa when produced as baleage. This study was conducted at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA, on an established field of ‘Tifton 85’ (T85) bermudagrass. Ten 0.2-ha plots were randomly assigned to either T85+N or T85 interseeded with ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa (T85+Alf). T85+N received N fertilization (84 kg N/ ha) four times each growing season. Plots were harvested at early bloom stage every 28 to 35 days from 2016 to 2018, baled at 40–60% moisture, and individually wrapped. At each harvest, plots were evaluated for botanical composition and forage yield, and bales were sampled prior to wrapping for nutritive value analysis. Plots were also evaluated for botanical composition using the point-transect method 10 days post-harvest. Data were analyzed using mixed models and least significant differences at α = 0.05. Although seasonal yields were greater in the T85+N during year 1, alfalfa-bermudagrass plots produced at least one additional harvest each season of the study, and on average 8 cuttings per season each year following establishment. Ultimately this contributed to greater (P < 0.0001) cumulative yield in the alfalfa-bermudagrass treatment (34,783 vs. 25,608 kg/ha, respectively). Analyses of nutritive value through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) show that CP and in-vitro true digestibility (IVTD) were greater (P = 0.005 and P = 0.034, respectively) in the alfalfa-bermudagrass treatment than the bermudagrass-only treatment (14.0 vs 11.4% CP and 66.7 vs. 60.2% IVTD, respectively). Improvements in seasonal yield and nutritive value makes bermudagrass interseeded with alfalfa a viable option for baleage producers in the Southeast.

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